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Educational Software Makes the Grade 



MICROCOMPUTING 



® 



A WAYNE GREEN PUBLICATION 



The Shapes 

To Come: 



September 1982 

USA $2.95 (UK£1.80) 

Number 69 



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Systems 


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Supercalc 10 


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© Copyright 1982 MICRO Instructional Inc. 

TRADEMARKS OF: 1. Apple Corp.; 2. Heath Company/Zenith Radio Corp ; 3. IBM Corp.; 4 Osborne Computer Corp.; 5. Xerox Corp.; 6. AshtonTate; 7. 
Peach Tree, 8. Beaman-Porter; 9. Innovative Software Applications; 10. Sorcim; 11. Visicorp; 12. MicroPro Int. Corp.; 13. Sof/Sys. 






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MICROCOMPUTING 



Contents: September 1982 

Volume VI No. 9 



PUBLISHER7EDITOR 

Wayne Green 

EDITORIAL MANAGER 

Jeff DeTray 

MANAGING EDITOR 

Dennis Brisson 

COPY EDITOR 

Linda Stephenson 

EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS 

Larry Canale, Daniel Muse 

TECHNICAL EDITORS 

Jake Commander, G. Michael Vose 

PRODUCTION EDITOR 

Susan Gross 

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT 

Michele Christian 

ASSOCIATE EDITORS 

Robert Baker, Frank Derfler, Jr., 



PRODUCTION MANAGER 

Nancy Salmon 
ASSISTANT PRODUCTION MANAGER 

Michael Murphy 
ADVERTISING PRODUCTION 

Bruce Hedin, Steve Baldwin, Fiona Davies, Jane Preston 

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 

Joan Ahern, Frances Benton, Linda Drew, 

Bob Dukette, Phil Geraci, Susan Hays, Louis Marini, 

Theresa Ostebo, Scott Philbrick, Dianne Ritson, 

Mary Seaver, Deborah Stone, Anne Vadeboncoeur, 

Irene Vail, Judi Wimberly, David Wozmak 

PHOTOGRAPHY 

Thomas Villeneuve, Sandra Dukette, 
Bryan Hastings Elizabeth Libby, John Schweigert, 

Robert Villeneuve 

TYPESETTING 

Sara Bedell, Marie Barker, Melody Bedell, 

Michele DesRochers, Jennifer Fay, Lynn Haines, 

Debra Nutting, Anne Rocchio, Ellen Schwartz, 

Karen Stewart 

DESIGN 

Denzel Dyer, Howard Happ, Laurie MacMillan, 
Joyce Pillarella, Susan Stevens, Donna Wohlfarth 



EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 

Sherry Smythe 

GENERAL MANAGER 

Debra Wetherbee 

CONTROLLER 

Roger Murphy 

ASSISTANT TO THE PUBLISHER 

Matthew Smith 

ACCOUNTING MANAGER 

Knud Keller 

CIRCULATION 

603-924 947 1 

Pat Ferrante 

BULK SALES MANAGER 

Ginnie Boudrieau 

DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING 

David Schissler 

ADVERTISING 

603-924-7138 

Louise O'Sullivan, Beverly Poirier, Giorgio Saluti 

NEW ENGLAND 

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE 

John A. Garland 

Jack Gardner 

Garland Associates, Inc. 

Box 314 SHS 

Duxbury, MA 02332 

617-934-6464 or 6546 



On the cover: New developments which came out of the National Computer 
Conference showed a trend toward smaller, higher-density disks; micros with 
dual processors that can read both 8-bit and 16-bit operating systems; and more- 
easily transported micros for the microcomputerist on the move. These trends are 
reflected in the products shown on the cover (from top): a three-inch Micro 
Floppydisk marketed by Amdek Corporation, North Star's 8/16 Computer and the 
portable Kaycomp II microcomputer system. Microcomputing's report on the NCC 
begins on page 38. 



educational Softioar* MakM m« SnxM 

MICROCOMPUTING 

The Shapes 
To Come: 







• •ICOTI« 10 *» 

Com* Room 



ClaSS Of '82 Lloyd Prentice 

Educational software graduates earned some high marks. 

MicrOS 011 CampUS Thomas Madron 

Plan now for their arrival; don't be caught by surprise. 



32 



36 



Future Trends Take Shape at NCC Frank Derfler 38 

Look for more powerful, more portable micros. 

Atari in Wonderland Dietmar May 50 

This trip through the looking glass doubles your Atari RAM. Atari 

Everything You Need on a Single Board Terry Kepner 58 

Colonial Data Systems' SB-80 is loaded with features. SB-80 

Micro Money-Maker Joseph Najjar 62 

Understand your future financial value. TRS-80 

The One Printer Solution 70 

Centronics' Printstation 350 Series answers office needs. 

Beyond 64K for the Apple Donald Black 74 

Memory to spare from Saturn Systems. Apple 

A Number Pad for Apple II Users james King 80 

Save time entering data with this simple number pad. Apple 

The Portable Atari Marvin Shuldman 84 

Make your Atari a little easier to use and carry around. Atari 

Black Friday Robert Baker 88 

Buy and sell on the stock market without losing your shirt. Commodore, Atari 

•Dueling Joysticks Russell Grokett 100 

Add two more joysticks to your VIC. VIC-20 

A Quick and Dirty Input Port Ladimer Nagumey 110 

Add another input port to a single board computer. 
* Designated for The Game Room 



Publisher's Remarks— 6 

Micro Quiz— 7 

PETpourri-8 

What's New, Big Blue?- 12 

Letters to the Editor— 16 



Micro Software Digest— 24 
*Micro Game Digest— 96 
Dealer Directory— 103 
Classifieds- 103 
*Game Reviews— 104 



Book Reviews— 134 
New Products- 138 
New Software— 148 
Calendar- 152 
Software Reviews— 162 



Microcomputing (ISSN 0744-4567) is published monthly by 
Wayne Green, Inc., 80 Pine St., Peterborough NH 03458. 
U.S. subscription rates $25, one year; $53, three years. 
Canada and Mexico $27.97, one year, U.S. funds. Foreign 
$44.97, one year; U.S. funds drawn on U.S. bank. Foreign air 
mail subscriptions— please inquire. Canadian Distributor: 
Micron Distributing, 409 Queen St. West, Toronto, Ontario, 
Canada M5V 2A5. South African Distributor: Microcom- 



puting, PO Box 782815, Sandton, South Africa 2146. Second- 
class postage paid at Peterborough, NH 03458 and at addi- 
tional mailing offices. Phone: 603-924-9471. Entire contents 
copyright 1982 by Wayne Green, Inc. No part of this publica- 
tion may be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without writ- 
ten permission from the publisher. Postmaster: Send form 
#3579 to Microcomputing, Subscription Services, PO Box 997, 
Farmingdale, NY 11737. 

Microcomputing, September 1982 5 



PUBLISHER'S REMARKS 



By Wayne Green 



War Declared 

On Software Thieves! 




The $2,000,000,000 Theft! 

That's right, the estimates for software 
theft for this year are now running to 
about $2 billion! 

Software manufacturers are well 
aware that their programs are being 
stolen . . . massively stolen. But since 
there are no good answers to the prob- 
lem, they have been trying to live with 
the disaster. Recent Instant Software es- 
timates of theft indicate that approxi- 
mately 90% of the Instant Software pro- 
grams in the hands of users are stolen. 
Since Instant Software has, for the most 
part, been dealing with lower priced pro- 
grams, and these have been particularly 
prone to theft, it is estimated that Instant 
Software alone will lose something over 
$30,000,000 in sales this year as a result 
of program theft. 

How are the programs being stolen? 
Some are being copied for friends by buy- 
ers of the program. We have gotten re- 
ports of large scale copying of programs 
by dealers anxious to add something to 
promote a computer sale. Then there are 
the user's groups, where often the major 
activity of the group is the exchange of 
programs. One chap wrote a few days ago 
to brag that he had so far managed to 
copy over $ 100,000 worth of programs as 
part of his local user's group's activities. 

While some summer camps make an 
effort to keep program copying to a mini- 
mum, this is almost impossible to moni- 
tor. It only takes seconds to copy a whole 
disk full of programs . . . and minutes to 
copy many disks of programs. A camper 
wrote to say that within the first two days 
of camp he had gotten copies of 2500 pro- 
grams . . . and that he was having to buy 
a lot more disks just to make copies from 
other campers. The kids often bring 
boxes of disks, full of stolen programs, for 
swapping. 

6 Microcomputing, September 1982 



If one is practical about this, it is kind of 
stupid to pay for a program when you can 
steal it . . . and there is no way of getting 
caught or getting into trouble. I'm not 
aware of any user ever being brought to 
justice for program copying. Sure this is 
illegal, but without any punishment 
what does "illegal" mean? 

There is a need, some feel, for a crack- 
down on software theft if we are going to 
see much in the way of significant soft- 
ware developed. Programmers are not 



One chap bragged 
that he had copied 

over $100,000 worth 

of programs .... 

A camper had copied 

2500 programs 

within the first 

two days of camp. 



going to work for peanuts forever, nor are 
entrepreneurs going to continue trying to 
market low cost software if they are not 
able to get any return for their invest- 
ment and work. But how can there be a 
crackdown on the friend who gets a copy 
of programs? How can user clubs be 
stopped from promoting million dollar 
thefts? How can computer stores be 
stopped from giving away hundreds or 
even thousands of dollars in software in 
order to promote computer sales? 



Perhaps it is time for some sort of 
"sting" operation. . .or even a group of 
them. If one computer store that is part of 
a chain were to be caught in program 
theft, it might be possible for the software 
manufacturers to bring a suit against the 
headquarters and all of their stores — and 
that could be a billion dollar suit. 

A sting operation against a user's 
group might enable the software manu- 
facturers to bring a suit against the club 
and every one of its members, again with 
figures in the millions of dollars. Yes, it is 
unfair for some club member who has a 
lot of assets to be singled out and stripped 
clean in such a suit, but one has to admit 
that a few cases like that might bring 
many computerists to their senses; it 
might make them wonder, next time 
someone asks them to run off a program 
copy, whether the copy is what is want- 
ed . . .or grounds for a lawsuit. 

Instant Software took the lead in this 
field by offering a $10,000 reward for 
anyone who helped them get a convic- 
tion for copying an Instant Software pro- 
gram. This offer still holds, but apparent- 
ly $10,000 just isn't a lot of money these 
days because no one has yet come forth 
with any incriminating evidence. 

Wayne Green Publications will be tak- 
ing a position of leadership in this matter. 
The first step is toward getting coopera- 
tion from other software firms to provide 
a more significant reward. It is hoped to 
bring this kitty up to $ 100,000 in cash for 
the conviction of someone copying a 
copyright program. Perhaps this kind of 
money will succeed where the mere 
$10,000 failed. The industry would get 
millions of dollars worth of publicity out 
of it if they are able to bring off a 
conviction. 

Even a couple of good convictions 
won't entirely stop program theft, but the 
obvious fact that this is not only illegal, 
but a crime that is punishable, should 



prevent all but the most foolhardy from 
further thefts. This could easily cut pro- 
gram theft by 75 percent, saving the in- 
dustry over a billion dollars in lost sales. 
Good investment. 

Yes, I realize that it is unfair to add up 
the retail prices of stolen programs and 
think for a moment that the computerists 
who have stolen them would ever buy all 
of them. We don't know what the real in- 
dustry sales would be if people who really 
wanted the programs had to buy them. 
We do know that every time a new pro- 
gram is brought out it sells for a few 
weeks and then sales dwindle off. We also 
know that the computerist who gets 
copies of 3000 programs is not going to 
be able to ever use even a fraction of 
them. We therefore know that the few 
programs they are using were probably 
stolen and otherwise would have brought 
income to software firms, dealers and 
programmers. 

Taking all of these variables into con- 
sideration, my calculations show that 
software retail sales would be increased 
by a factor of about five if it were not for 
program theft. Popular programs 
should have a life in stores of a year or 
two, not weeks. 

Not untypical is the story of one of the 
major Instant Software dealers in New 
York City. He complained that a local 
store of a large chain sent someone in 
every few days to look over new pro- 
grams released by Instant Software. One 
copy is bought and then this is copied 
and sent to every store in the chain in the 
area. From there copies are made for 
computer buyers and friends of the store 
salesmen and managers. The dealer esti- 
mated that every program bought by 
this one store resulted in several thou- 
sand free copies . . . and just about killed 
all further sales of the program for him. 

In the next few weeks we will be orga- 
nizing the software firms for an aggres- 
sive attack on this problem. If any of you 
readers are interested in working with 
the association in setting up a sting oper- 
ation, you might drop me a line and tell 
me what you have in mind.D 



Circle 95 on Reader Service card. 



MICRO QUIZ 



Analysis of Algorithms 

How many times is "MICRO" printed 
during the execution of the following pro- 
gram? 

N=4 
FORI=0TON-l 

FOR J=J+1 TON 
PRINT "MICRO" 

NEXT J 
NEXT I 

(answer on page 1 5) 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 7 



DET-POURRI 



By Robert Baker 



Commodore 
Gets Smart 



With Terminal 
Communications 

Package 



STCP 

STCP is a Standard Terminal Commu- 
nications Package for Commodore com- 
puters, developed jointly by Eastern 
House Software and CGRS Microtech. 
The package includes the necessary 
hardware and software to drive RS-232- 
type modems on a Commodore PET/ 
CBM system. Thus you have a wider se- 
lection of modems over the IEEE variety, 
from the inexpensive Signalman modem 
to the auto-dialing D.C. Hayes Smart- 
modem. 

The hardware portion of STCP is the 
Portmaker board from Microtech. This 
board normally provides two RS-232 se- 
rial ports via standard 6850 ACIAs. It 
plugs into one of the spare ROM sockets 
of your Commodore system — UD4 or 
UD1 1, depending on your machine type. 
Two small clips then connect to one of 
the expansion connectors ( J9) on the sys- 
tem PC board. Installation is quick and 
easy with no special tools or soldering re- 
quired. 

If you originally had a ROM in the re- 
quired socket in your system, you can 
now install it on the Portmaker board. 
The only restriction is that the last 16 
bytes of the ROM are no longer accessi- 
ble, since this is where the ACIA chip is 
now located. 

The STCP program is 100 percent ma- 
chine language and about 6K in length. A 
single Basic starter program is also in- 
cluded to load and configure the STCP 
software. As supplied, this software pack- 
age turns your Commodore system into a 
sophisticated smart terminal. It can also 
be used as a handy utility for converting 
disk files from one format to another. 

The STCP program is normally run in- 
dependently, but can be controlled by an- 
other machine-language or Basic pro- 
gram. A number of entry points and im- 
portant locations are described in the 



Address correspondence to Robert 
Baker, 15 Windsor Drive, Atco, NJ 
08004. 

8 Microcomputing, September 1982 



documentation. A sample program is in- 
cluded on the disk to illustrate how you 
can control STCP from another program. 
Thus you could easily create your own 
bulletin board system. 

As a terminal the system can operate in 
local mode or transmit in either full- or 
half-duplex modes. You can transmit 
data character-by-character as it is 
typed, a line at a time with screen editing, 
or transmit complete disk files. Incoming 
data is normally displayed as it is re- 
ceived, or you can save it to a disk file. In 
all modes you can get a printed copy of 
data sent and received, with both Com- 
modore and ASCII printers supported. 

A simple status line is always dis- 
played at the top of the screen to indicate 
current error conditions, terminal status, 
operating modes, time of day, file names, 
etc. An internal timer can be set if you 
need a reminder to log off a system, go to 
dinner, or whatever. 

A Quick Read feature provides a quick 
and convenient way to load often-used 
data and command strings from disk 
with a minimum of key strokes. A sample 
file is included on the disk with additional 
information on STCP. 

All communications are in standard 
ASCII, with STCP providing all neces- 
sary data conversions. When transfer- 
ring disk files to or from your Commo- 
dore system, STCP supports four differ- 
ent file translation formats: 

• Commodore Basic programs 

• EHS MAE Assembler/Editor files 

• Binary files such as machine-language 
object code or Word Pro files 

• pure ASCII files such as VisiCalc files 
For greater flexibility you can filter out or 
translate special characters. A 128-byte 
table contains an entry for each of the 
128 possible ASCII characters. You can 
use this table to encrypt and decode 
transmissions. 

Currently only 300 baud is implement- 
ed, but a 1200 baud enhancement is ex- 
pected to be provided to purchasers at no 
cost when developed. The system sup- 
ports the standard XON/XOFF control 
codes to prevent buffer overruns. For 
nonstandard systems the actual control 



codes can be modified if required. 

You can easily send commands to any 
disk drive, and not necessarily device 8. 
Disk commands use the older DOS 
wedge format, but enclosed in quotes. 
Thus you can scratch, rename or copy 
any file at any time. 

If necessary you can return to Basic or 
the machine-language monitor, or you 
can kill the STCP and reset the system. 
These and other commands are all select- 
ed from a convenient menu so you don't 
have to remember a whole list of com- 
mands. Any further input, like file names 
and types, is prompted by the system. 

I've been using the STCP package 
heavily for about two weeks with a Sig- 
nalman modem on my 8032. So far I 
haven't experienced any problems other 
than usual phone line noise. The STCP 
package is well written with good docu- 
mentation. Once you've played with it for 
a while you'll find it's easy to use. Having 
a modem and a good terminal software 
package like this can really open up a 
new world of applications for your Com- 
modore system. 

The STCP package sells for $129.95 
through Eastern House Software (3239 
Linda Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27106). 
They have a long list of other products for 
Commodore systems, including one of 
the best available assembler/editor pack- 
ages — MAE. You might just want to drop 
them a line and get a copy of their latest 
catalog. CGRS Microtech (PO Box 102. 
Langhorne, PA 19047) also carries the 
STCP package, at the same price, but re- 
fers to it as Compak. The Portmaker 
board is available separately from them 
for $69.95. 

By the way, CGRS Microtech is the 
company that supplies the PEDISK sys- 
tems for Commodore computers. The 
single-drive five-inch system provides an 
economical system that can be later ex- 
panded. The eight-inch system provides 
IBM 3740 format and can be pro- 
grammed to exchange data with minis 
and mainframe computers. 

PEDISK II offers the fastest disk sys- 
tem available for Commodore systems. 
With a transfer rate of 250K/second it 



Circle 371 on Reader Service card.— 







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time space battle 
between the forces of the Colonists 
and the Kryon Empire. Join an inter- 
galactic shootout with up to eight star 
ship commanders transmitting orders 
from the keyboard cockpits of their 
craft anywhere in the U.S.A. 



Attacking, evading, scanning, com- 
municating. That's MegaWars. Easy 
to learn but difficult to master. That's 
why CompuServe will give one free 
hour to every MegaWars player enter- 
ing a game before December 31, 1982. 



Call toll free 
800-848-8990. 
You'll receive the illustrated guide to 
CompuServe, America's most compre 
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typically runs three to four times faster 
than IEEE bus type drives like those 
from Commodore. However, you lose 
compatibility with other Commodore 
systems and have a new disk operating 
system to deal with. 

Other products from Microtech include 
the Spacemaker and Romdriver ROM 
switches at $39.95 and a color video gen- 
erator board at $139.95. They also offer 
various software packages and hardware 
for other systems. 



Hex Dump 

Many new VIC owners are starting to 
experiment with data files on tape, or 
even on disk now that the VIC- 1540 disk 
is available. The best way to learn how to 
use data files is to write some short test 
programs and try various combinations, 
then take a look at the actual data you've 
written. Sounds easy, but how do you 
look at a data file to see what it really 
looks like? 

Well, here's a simple utility that will 
read any data file on tape and display the 
hexadecimal value of every byte written 
into the file. (See program listing.) For 
added convenience it also displays any 
displayable characters and the relative 
hex location of each byte from the begin- 
ning of the file. 

The display contains the four-charac- 



ter location in hex, the hex value of each 
byte, then the corresponding displayable 
characters for that line. The program is 
currently set for four bytes per line for the 
limited VIC-20 display, but could easily 
be modified for 40- or 80-column displays 
by changing the value of L in line 240 for 
eight or 16 bytes per line. 

Looking at the program listing, line 
250 opens the first (or next) data file on 
tape for reading. This line could easily be 
changed to an appropriate Open com- 
mand for disk files. Line 280 reads a sin- 
gle byte from the file using the Get # com- 
mand. This avoids problems associated 
with Input # and lets you see every char- 
acter of the file. 

Lines 300 to 330 print the hex value of 
the byte and add displayable characters 
to a string printed at the end of each line. 
Lines 340 to 360 increment the byte 
counter and start a new line when the 
proper step is reached. Lines 370 to 410 
allow stopping and starting the display as 
desired, while lines 430 to 450 provide 
decimal-to-hex conversions for the 
display. 

Now you can easily look at the data you 
create and investigate the exact format of 
the data file. 



Misc 

Compute Books has another new book 
titled Programming the PET/CBM, writ- 



106 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 
160 
170 
180 
190 

200 

205 
210 
220 
230 
240 
250 
260 
270 
280 
290 

300 

310 
320 
330 
340 
350 
360 
376 
380 
390 

400 

410 
420 
430 
440 
450 



REM ******************* 

REM * 

REM * TAPE DRTfl FILE 

REM * HEX DUMP UTILITY 

REM * 

REM * BY: ROBERT BfiKER 

REM * 

PRINTS OTflPE HEX DUMP": PRINT: PRINT 

PR I NT "HIT RNY KEY TO HOLD" 

PR I NT "OR CONTINUE DISPLAY" : PRINT 

PRINT"HIT 'Q- TO QUIT" 

PRINT" CRT ANY TIME>" 

PRINT: PRINT PRINT" 

L=4: H$= "01 23456789 ABCDEF" 

OPEN 1 

PRINT'TJTAPE HEX DUMP": PRINT 

B=0 : GOTO 360 

GET#1,C$ 

IF ST O0 THEN PRINT: PRINT "ST =";ST: GOTO 420 



■I 



=0: IF C$0 



l_ 



II II 



THEN V»RSC<C$) 



ii 



GOSUB 440: PRINT" , 

V=V AND 127: if V<32 

S$=S*+C$ 

B=B+1 IF INT-CB/L) O 

PRINT S* S$="" 

GOSUB 430: PRINT":"; 

GET C$: IF C*="" THEN 

IF C$="D" THEN 420 

GET C*: IF C$="" THEN 

IF C$="D" THEN 420 

GOTO 280 

CLOSE l: PRINT: PRINT 

V=INT<B/256>: GOSUB 440: V=B-<256*V> 

V1=INTCV/16>: PRINT MID*<H*jV1+1* 1); 

PRINT MID$<H*,V-<16*V1)+1,1>; = RETURN 



OR V>95 THEN S*=S$+".": GOTO 340 
B/L THEN 370 

280 
390 

END 



Program listing. VIC utility that reads and displays data files. 



ten by Raeto Collin West. This is dubbed 
"the reference encyclopedia for Commo- 
dore PET and CBM users," and rightfully 
so! It contains more detailed information 
on the Commodore systems than I have 
ever seen before in one place, and is prob- 
ably the most accurate reference 
available. 

It seems aimed at the serious user, with 
quite a bit of hexadecimal notation and 
references to machine language. It cov- 
ers only the 2000, 3000, 4000 and 8000 
series machines, but covers them in 
great detail. 

Sections of the book cover Basic syntax 
and how it works, program and system 
design, peripherals, graphics and sound, 
machine code, ROM routines and RAM 
storage, and various types of programs. 
The sections on Basic commands provide 
complete descriptions, valid syntax, ex- 
amples, special notes, abbreviations, in- 
ternal system operation and ROM entry 
points. If you're a serious Commodore 
user, it's definitely worth the $24.95. 

Computant. Inc. (34 Lamplighter 
Drive, Manchester, CT 06040), recently 
announced their Computant Patient Ac- 
counts Management System for dental 
offices. It runs on the Commodore 8032 
with an 8050 disk and a printer. This is a 
computerized filing, accounting and bill- 
ing system designed for use in the small 
to moderate sized dental practice. It 
stores the records of up to 3500 patients, 
including the records of family groups. 
An expanded version is available for a 
larger number of patients. Price is 
$10,500. 

Willie Kusche, of Wilserv Industries 
(PO Box 456, Bellmawr, NJ 08031), re- 
cently pointed out a small problem with 
the CBM 203 1 single disk drive when it is 
used with CBM 3.0 Basic. Apparently the 
drive can function erratically, respond- 
ing to a non-load read command when 
used with this older version of Basic. 
Willie has found a fix but it involves a 
patch to the $F000 ROM of the 3.0 Basic 
ROM set: 

$F17F:4CEDFFEA 

SFFED: AD 40 E8 29 FB 8D 40 E8 

SFFF5: A9 5F4C87 Fl 

This patch apparently fixes the erratic 
reading problems. Willie is offering to 
supply a replacement ROM with the 
above patch for $15 to anyone who can- 
not program his own. By the way, Willie 
is the author of KMMM Pascal carried by 
AB Computers of Colmar, PA. 

As of September, the Midnight Gazette 
and The Paper have combined into one 
bimonthly publication. At the time of this 
writing the new publication did not have 
an official name, but it should be decided 
soon. It will be available only on a sub- 
scription basis, costing $20 for six issues. 
A subscription card can be found in the 
Midnight Compendium currently on 
sale, or you can send requests to Jim Old- 
field. 635 Maple. Mt. Zion, IL 62549. □ 



10 Microcomputing, September 1982 





SONGS 



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In Florida Call 305/776-7177 

Clientes Latinoamericanos seran atendidos por nuestro departamento internacional (en espanol), bajo la 

gerencia de la LCDA. Joan Voyles. 



Circle 213 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 1 1 



WHAT S NEW, BIG BU 

What's the Truth 
About PC? 



? 



By Thomas V. Bonoma 



Column Cuts 
Through Heat 

And Smoke 



Few microcomputer introductions 
have generated as much smoke and heat, 
and as little light, as IBM's move into per- 
sonal computing. Generally, the trade 
press agrees that the PC is awesome in a 
number of respects: the hardware, the 
graphics capabilities and the documenta- 
tion to name a few. Equally widespread is 
the feeling that mistakes were made (one 
user called the keyboard "the biggest dis- 
appointment in my life "), that little or no 
good software exists, and, on the outer 
fringes of sanity, that a conspiracy exists 
on the part of IBM reviewers and com- 
mentators to praise the entry out of pro- 
portion to what it delivers. 

Well, the truth of the matter is that it is 
an awesome machine, that some small 
mistakes were made, and that currently 
we are in the growth part of the evolution- 
ary life cycle. This means that many po- 
tential PC users aren't sure it's the right 
first choice for them or don't know how to 
compare their current machine against 
the added benefits of a PC. 

Buyers are faced with the equally sig- 
nificant problems of (1) evaluating the 
growing avalanche of hardware (single, 
double or hard disks?), software (which 
of the word processors do I buy?) and 
third- party documentation/support 
(which user's group should I join, and 
what about that new PC book?), and at 
the same time, (2) learning the ins-and- 
outs of their new machine so they can 
program it to do useful work. 

No monthly column can deal with all 
these issues simultaneously. But my 
goals in providing a regular space for the 
PC are to address the concerns I perceive 
folks struggling with: trying to decide 
how good the machine is; whether it's 
worth getting as a first unit (or even put- 
ting that Apple or Heath in the closet for); 
once it's bought, trying to figure out how 
to make it do something useful: and how 
to discriminate among all those vendors 
with their hands out for loose change. 

To meet these goals, I'll devote part of 
each column to general commentary, 

12 Microcomputing, September 1982 



and sometimes opinion, about the PC in 
general and how it stacks up against 
other machines I know and love (mostly, 
an Apple II, a Heath/Zenith Z-89 and a 
TRS-80 Model I). In addition, I'll review 
available software and hardware for the 
PC, always testing it before writing 
about it, and tell you honestly what you 
might want to buy and what you ought to 
avoid. Third, I'll try to give you some 
sense of the PC's programming capabili- 
ties in each column, with some home- 
baked routines that will show you what is 
and isn't compatible from other 
machines to the PC, and where I think it 
outdistances them. 

Sometimes I'll adapt an already-pub- 
lished program to illustrate what the ad- 
dition of color and some of the PC's other 
advanced features, like software inter- 
rupts, can do for workaday dull Basic rou- 
tines. And I'll always be sensitive to an- 
nouncements of upcoming products, to 
your input about what you've learned, 
and to the rumor mill to keep you ahead 
of the pack. I think we can turn some of 
that heat and smoke into a little light if 
we work together. 



What I Need from You 

There are three classes of folks I need to 
help me do this job: owners, non-owners 
and vendors. If you're in class one, you're 
going to be a "heavy hitter" around here. 
Send me (short) programs showing your 
machine's capabilities, what you've 
learned, reports of bugs, general ques- 
tions, or whatever. Please send paper 
mail to my home address. If you want a 
reply, I won't promise but I'll do my best: 
a self-addressed stamped envelope is re- 
quested. Send electronic mail to Source 
Mail TCD 292 and EMail on CompuServe, 
730, 125. 

If you're a non-owner, you can also be 
of great help. What do you like or not like 
about the PC? What factors will you use 
in deciding whether to get a(nother) com- 



puter? What rumors have you heard, or 
announcements have you seen, that 
you'd like to see investigated? 

If you're a vendor, are you announcing 
a new or adapted program for the PC? Do 
you have new hardware we should know 
about? Send a description and/or a sam- 
ple for me to evaluate. If it's really good, 
I'll make sure everybody knows about it. 
If it's bad, I'll do my best to laugh you out 
of business. 



Just How Good 
Is That Machine? 

Pretty good, my friends. What follows 
is all subjective, and a little bit of a confes- 
sion too. But I thought you'd rather have 
the voice of experience than timing 
benchmarks. 

I currently own three micros— an Ap- 
ple II, a Zenith-89 and the PC. I have ac- 
cess as well to a $20,000 dedicated 
word processor, and have significant 
experience with a TRS-80 Model I. If a 
gun were put to my head and I was or- 
dered to break up every system but one, 
I'd save the expensive word processor. 
Fooled you, didn't I? To a writer there's 
no substitute for a dedicated word pro- 
cessor. WordStar on the PC is a brilliant 
program, but it can't beat a machine 
that only does one thing and does it 
very well. No, the PC isn't as good for 
production writing as a Xerox 860, 
though it's pretty close! 

OK, the choice has to be among the mi- 
cros, does it? Well then, hands down, I'd 
keep the PC. It is a pure joy to program. 



Thomas V. Bonoma, 45 Drum Hill Road, 
Concord, MA 01742, is a professor of 
marketing and an independent consul- 
tant, in addition to an addicted comput- 
er hobbyist. A psychologist by training, 
he is the author of a number of books, ar- 
ticles and monographs on marketing, 
psychology and management. 







SHOWS FOR YOU 
IN '82 



THE NATIONAL COMPUTER SHOWS are the 

largest public computer expositions in the 
country. They feature hardware and software for 
business, industry, government, education, 
home, and personal use. 

Under one roof you'll be able to test the new 
computers, desktop computers, data and word 
processing equipment, and a huge array of 
computer peripherals, computer services and 
computer supplies. 

At each show you'll see all the major brands, all 
the major manufacturers, the big distributors 
and the local dealers and retailers. Everything 
together and for sale at super show prices. 

Don't miss the National Computer Show coming 
to a city near you . Admission is $5 per person 
per day. 

TICKET INFORMATION: 

Send $5 (payable to National Computer Shows) 
for each day-long ticket along with the name of 
the Show you plan to attend to the address below. 
Tickets can also be purchased at the show. 

The National Computer Shows, 

822 Boylston St. , Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 

Telephone: 617-739-2000 

BOSTON 

THE NORTHEAST PERSONAL 

COMPUTER SHOW 

Friday-Monday October 8-11 (Columbus Day Weekend) 

Hynes Auditorium/Prudential Center 

Show Hours: Friday 11 am to 9 pm, 

Saturday & Sunday 12 noon to 9 pm, 

Monday 11 am to 6 pm 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 

THE MID-ATLANTIC 
COMPUTER SHOW 
Thursday-Sunday October 28-31 
D.C. Armory/Starplex 
Show Hours: 11 am to 6 pm daily 

BOSTON 

THE NORTHEAST BUSINESS 
COMPUTER SHOW 
Thursday-Sunday November 11-14 
Hynes Auditorium/Prudential Center 
Show Hours: 11 am to 6 pm daily 

ATLANTA 

THE SOUTHEAST COMPUTER SHOW 
Thursday-Sunday December 9-12 
Atlanta Civic Center 
Show Hours: 11 am to 6 pm daily 



822 Boylston St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 

Microcomputing, September 1982 13 



Circle 390 on Reader Service card. 



Z-80 

SINGLE BOARD 

COMPUTER 

$49.95 




The MASTER CONTROLLER 
BOARD contains: 

-Z-80 Microprocessor: will run 
8080/8085 and Z-80 programs. 
72-Parallel I/O lines; three 8255s 
-Keyboard controller: 8279 
12K-EPROM: three sockets for 
2708, 2716, 2732 
2K-RAM: 2114s 
8-Sixteen bit counter timer 
channels: one 8253 and one 
AMD 9513 
2- Serial I/O ports; one Z-80 SIO 
chip. One port has an RS-232 
interface and connector. 
1-High speed arithmetic 
processor. AMD 9511 
All the I/O chips are memory 
mapped AND I/O mapped. A bus 
expansion connector is provided. 
Can be operated on 5 volts only. 

All this on one board less than 
nine inches on a side 

Only three LSI chips (Z-80, 8255, 

and EPROM) plus support gates 

and buffers are required for a 

working controller. 

BARE BOARD $49.95 
With documentation. 

MINIMUM KIT. Includes bare board 
with documentation, one each Z-80, 
8255, 2716, four 2114s, 4Mhz crystal, 
and support gates and buffers, all 
socketed. $119.95 

MONITOR PROGRAM allows a CRT or 
TTY to control the MASTER CON- 
TROLLER. This program requires the 
minimum kit and the serial parts kit. A 
programmed 2716 and listing is 
supplied with the monitor. $29.95. 
Listing Only $19.95 

SERIAL PARTS. Includes 8253, Z-80 
SIO, 1488, 1489, sockets, and DB-25 
connector $49.95 

POWER SUPPLY. 5V2A, -5V%A, 
+12V 1 / 4 A, -12V%A. $44.95 

ASSEMBLED and TESTED fully 
populated with monitor program 
less 9511. $399.00 

USA & CANADA include $3.50 postage 

and handling. We ship World Wide 

please include 15% for shipping. 

R.W. ELECTRONICS 

3165 North Clybourn— M 

Chicago, IL 60618 

(312) 248-2480 



It's hard to describe for first-time buyers 
or novices, but microcomputers can be 
easy or hard to live with. Much depends 
on what the designers and software engi- 
neers put in them at birth. 

The Apple, for example, a machine for 
which I have much respect, is distinctly 
unfriendly. I've never had to learn so 
many calls, peeks, and pokes in my life. 
The Zenith, one of the best data/ word 
processing machines on the market bar 
none, is so graphics primitive it's laugh- 
able (they've fixed this in the newest in- 
troductions). Nope, for my money, the PC 
is ideal for either the first-timer or (espe- 
cially) the experienced user— it likes to 
be programmed, likes to use graphics 
along with text (no peeks or pokes here, 
unless you want), and likes to be used. 

Don't be put off by those who tell you 
the enter key is in the wrong place on the 
keyboard— it isn't, it just takes a couple 
of hours to get used to it. The operating 
system (PCDOS) and both regular disk 
Basic and BasicA are truly excellent im- 
plementations of code; they're usable, 
clear and reliable. (DOS 1. 10 is what you 
want— if you have 1.00 or 1.05, pay for 
the upgrade right away.) Those of you 
who have or used to have TRS-80 Model 
Is know what I'm talking about when I 
say the machine likes to be used — you've 
got one of the best on this score. 

In future columns I'll talk about how to 
configure your machine when you buy it, 
and what to put on it afterward. We'll 
start with the basics, like whether you 
should kill the savings account for a color 
graphics board and monitor (you should), 
and whether you need disks more or less 
than you need color. I'll have some kind 
and some hard words for the IBM printer 
(i.e., Epson MX-80FT), and some words 
about interfacing non-IBM peripherals to 
the serial port (asynchronous communi- 
cations adapter). Then, later on, I'll talk 
about hard disks and such. 

Software to 
Know and Love (?) 

This month I'm going to talk about two 
graphics screen dumps for the IBM Ep- 
son printer, and a little-known but very 
nice PC game. 

The graphics screen dumps are 
Videograph 88 (Windmill Software, 
1058 Joan Drive, Burlington, Ontario, 
Canada L7T 3H2, $49.95) and the Ver- 
saware Graphics Hardcopy System 
(Versa Computing, Inc., 3541 Old Cone- 
jo Road, Suite 104, Newbury Park, CA 
91320, $40). These programs represent 
two very different graphics dumping 
approaches. (Note: Both programs re- 
quire that an optional set of graphics 
chips, called Graftrax-80, be installed in 
your Epson. If you don't know whether 
you have these, you probably don't. If 
you have an Epson MX- 100 or Epson 
MX-82, you've got them.) 

Videograph 88 is a machine-language 
(.COM) program which is loaded when 



you start your machine, and then for- 
gotten until it is needed. It uses the 
print screen key just like a text dump to 
let you print out your graphs, computer 
pornography, or whatever. The pro- 
gram prints one size of figure only, and 
automatically shades the printed out- 
put depending on the screen color and 
pattern. No options can be chosen by 
the user. It's a good program because 
its simple, it works through a single 
key once loaded, and it otherwise stays 
out of your way. It can also be called un- 
der program control in Basic. 

Versaware's system takes a different 
approach. The program operates only on 
saved .PIC files, not on the screen dis- 
play. And you can't just press a key to get 
output; you have to save the picture, load 
the Versaware program, and then run it. 
The program is slow— indeed, it is incred- 
ibly slow, but it gives options that the 
Videograph system does not. You can, if 
you choose, decide to make a little (1/4 
size) print, or a regular one. You can "re- 
verse ink" the picture— that is, make col- 
ored spots black and black ones white. 
You can print in high-density mode, 
which gives increased regularity and 
quality to your picture. And you can off- 
set the printed image (in tenths of an 
inch) from the left margin of the paper. 
All in all, a useful set of options which 
Videograph doesn't allow. 

So which should you buy? Well, it de- 
pends on what you do. If, like me, 
you're not much of an artist but use a 
lot of bar charts that need to be dumped 
real time from the screen to paper, then 
the Videograph 88 is the right system 
for you. But if you can use color rever- 
sal, offset and size reduction options, 
and you can live with using BSave to 
move a .PIC file to disk and then print- 
ing it later. Versawriter's system is very 
flexible. Unlike other packages I've 
looked at, both these packages appear 
to offer value for the money. 

Another package I'll tell you about this 
month is Computer Crossword (Dolphin 
Software Corp., 318 Country Club Road, 
Newton, MA 02159, about $40). It's a 
well-done package that lets you generate 
complete (up to 25x23 on a mono- 
chrome, or 21 x 20 on a color monitor) 
crossword puzzles (with clues), solve 
puzzles already created, and in general 
have fun. The program (on disk) comes 
with good documentation and over ten 
sample puzzles. The program makes lim- 
ited but welcome use of the PC's color ca- 
pabilities. It features an interesting mode 
that veteran crossword puzzlers would 
pay gold for: While solving a puzzle, se- 
lect an option and the machine erases 
any wrong letters you've typed in, leav- 
ing all the correct ones alone. Good Lord, 
computerized cheating! This program 
would be a very good value at $20. give 
fair value for the money at $30, and is 
overpriced at $40. However, it is a nice 
program, and I don't hesitate to recom- 
mend it to you. 



14 Microcomputing, September 1982 



New Hardware/Software 

I'm sitting on a pile of press releases at 
least 1 ^-inches thick of new goodies for 
the PC. I'll get review copies of what looks 
worthwhile, check them out and have 
lots more to say about "what's new" in 
future columns. Here, let me tell you 
about three new packages you may want 
to be aware of. 

The Answer for the IBM PC is an elec- 
tronic card file program to end all filing 
programs, it would appear from the 
demonstration disk. The program, writ- 
ten in Forth for the PC, lets you design a 
wide variety (customer information, class- 
room data, etc.) of input forms, fill them 
out and then cross-index the living day- 
lights out of them for future retrieval. 
North American Business Systems, 
Inc., the manufacturer, is offering a free 
VIP Kit with a demo disk and (scanty) 
promotional material to all IBM PC own- 
ers through participating retailers. (Call 
1-800-325-1485 for the nearest partici- 
pating retailer.) Though the program 
looks very good on the demo disk, it is 
hard to judge without the documenta- 
tion, retail price and the ability to actu- 
ally get in there and muck around with 
the program. So, you may want to 
check this one out, but Til have a fuller 
evaluation in a couple of columns if 
you're willing to wait. 

IBM's recent release of UCSD Pascal for 
the PC should have hit your Product Cen- 
ter, independent retailer or Sears by now. 
If you're a Pascal lover, you'll like this im- 
plementation. Five volumes of documen- 
tation, six (you'll weep all the way 
through the backup process) disks, two 
different compilers, and a good set of util- 
ity routines and a disk of extras are in- 
cluded with the system in the now tradi- 
tional, good IBM bindings. I've only 
bulled through two of the manuals so far, 
so I'm no expert, but I'm impressed. The 
system is configurable for variable 
amounts of add-in memory (though the 
manual only says how to implement for 
64K. Come on, IBM, how about the mem- 
ory hogs out here?). Two serial commu- 
nications ports are supported and ad- 
dressable from "REMIN:" and "REM- 
OUT:" logical devices, though with some 
jockeying. The special IBMSTUFF unit, 
which customizes the p-System to the 
PC, looks like a well-done one as well, 
with provisions for fairly extensive 
graphics manipulations. I'll have more 
on this system after I play with it a while. 
Price is about $625 at your local retailer. 

Finally, another high-priced ($695) 
piece of software for the PC that I'm get- 
ting familiar with. Context Management 
System's MBA is a combination spread- 
sheet, database, word processor and 
graphics processor for the PC. It requires 
a heavily-equipped machine with 256K 
memory, two disks and a color graphics 
board. However, I think it's a great piece 
of work, and with some revising will set 



the pattern for future working software. 
You can enter a normal VisiCalc-type 
spreadsheet under your clients' names, 
convert it to a database, extract informa- 
tion for use in a letter to them, and graph 
(pretty sophisticated graphics, too) the 
same information without ever leaving 
your chair or your program. When tele- 
communications capability (which will 
be offered free to all buyers in the fall) is 
added, and some of the slowness of the 
Pascal spreadsheet implementation is 
eliminated with better coding, I think 
this package is going to be hard to beat. 
You should see a demo of it at participat- 
ing dealers if you can. 

A fellow who's got the right idea about 
software is A. Fleugelman (Freeware, PO 
Box 862, Tiburon, CA 94920), who has 
written a gr^at communications pro- 
gram for the PC called PCTALK. Send 
him an initialized (single-sided) disk and 
a self-addressed, stamped envelope, and 
he'll send it to you free. If you like it, he 
asks for a contribution of $25 to his Free- 
ware experiment. Great idea, outstand- 
ing program — worth twice or three times 
the asked-for donation. 

Finally, on the community/help front, 
the Personal Computer Journal (W. 
2317 Garland, Spokane, WA 99205) is a 
disk-based monthly PC magazine prom- 
ising working programs, etc. At 85 
bucks for a subscription, better let me 
check it out before you plunk down your 
money. And The IBM User Group of To- 
ronto (PO Box 1376, Station B, Downs- 
view, Ontario, Canada M3H 5V6) offers a 
newsletter if you tell them how your sys- 
tem is set up and give them your name, 
address, telephone, etc., plus $1 . For that 
price, you can try it yourself! 



Promises, Promises 

Well, I hate to start off a venture by 
breaking promises, but I've already gone 
over the space they promised me, and I 
don't want the Microcomputing editors 
to get the idea I'm crooked as well as ver- 
bose. So, my friends, my great program- 
ming tutorial subsection, a little program 
called PCSCRAZL, will have to wait til 
next month. Honest. I promise. □ 



MICROQUIZ 



(from page 7) 

Answer: 10 

For a general N: 

1 = => 1<=J< = N=>N vals 
1=1 => 2<=J< = N=>N- 1 vals 
1 = 2 => 3<=J< = N=>N-2vals 
I = N-2=>N-K=J< = N=>2vals 
I = N-1=> N<=J< = N=>1 val 



Circle 74 on Reader Service card. 



1+2 + 



+ N = (N)(N+l)/2 



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for use with MASTER 
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Serial parts including 26 pin 
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We ship World Wide 

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Microcomputing, September 1982 15 



LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 



Guns, Butter or Travellers 
Checks? 

Your July cover, picturing the Afghani- 
stan guerrillas clustered about an Os- 
borne 1, explains a letter I received re- 
cently. It was dot-matrix printed on 
aluminum coated paper. (See Fig. 1.) 

Of course, your article ("Osborne — Be- 
hind Guerrilla Lines," by David Kline, 
July 1982, p. 43) alleged that the Os- 



borne belonged to the journalist, not the 
guerrillas, but do you seriously believe 
that with all those guns staring him in 
the face, he would pick that time to take a 
firm stand against hardware piracy? 

I applaud yet another innovative appli- 
cation for the Osborne 1 , with WordStar 
and MailMerge. (But does it play Yak- 
Man?) 

Walt Bilof sky 

The Software Toolworks 

Sherman Oaks, CA 91423 



Khyber Pass 
4 July 1982 

The Software Toolworks 

14478 Glorietta Drive 

Sherman Oaks, CA 91423 

Dear Mr. Toolworks: 

The freedom fighters of Afghanistan appeal to you, Mr. Toolworks, on this, your 
Independence Day, to support our fight against those who would extinguish the 
light of democracy in our poor country. 

Your contribution, in guns, butter, or travellers checks, is urgently needed to 
help us continue our struggle. Your neighbors in Sherman Oaks will admire the en- 
graved certificate you will receive by return mail, naming you and Mrs. Toolworks 
as Honorary Freedom Fighters. 

Please mail the enclosed pledge card today, Mr. Toolworks. 

Sincerely, 

Muhammad P. Llama A Z 

Fig. 1 . A letter from Khyber Pass. 



Prime Number Nonsense 

There's no fanatic like a computer fa- 
natic! Once he's made up his mind, noth- 
ing will change it, and he'll do anything 
to convince you that he's right— includ- 
ing destroying his credibility. What 
brings on this diatribe is the letter from 
Dan Farnsworth in the March issue about 
the 6809 processor (p. 170). 

It is true that the 6809 is a faster and 
easier to use chip than the Z-80 or 6502. 
It could even be argued that the older 
6800 was faster than either of these ma- 
chines, although that statement would 
cause long and angry debates. 

In any case, comparing a well opti- 
mized program, written in assembly lan- 
guage, run on a full-speed machine to a 
poorly written program, written in Basic, 
and run on a half-speed machine doesn't 
tell us much about the relative capabili- 
ties of either computer. Or, to put it 
another way, it's no surprise that an as- 
sembly-language program on a 2 MHz 
6809 will run 10,000 times faster than a 

16 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Basic program on a TRS-80. I own, use 
and like my SWTP 69/A, a 6809-based 
machine, but really now, let's at least try 
to pretend to be fair in our comparisons. 
I wrote a 6809 prime number program 
that finds all of the primes from 1 to 
10,000 in .26 seconds on a 2 MHz 6809. 1 
have heard of some 6809 programs that 
will do this in half the time, but I have not 
seen them run. I have no doubts that an- 
other programmer, more clever or 
knowledgeable than I, could write a fas- 
ter prime number program, for almost 
any machine. However, my point is to 
emphasize the danger of claiming that a 
particular program is the fastest that will 
be, or can be, written. 

It is true that one of the bottom lines in 
computers is how fast the job gets done, 
but how fast a job gets done and how well 
a job gets done are not the same thing. 
But in any case, will a prime number pro- 
gram tell you how fast a particular com- 
puter will run? 

Yes— if you plan on running prime 
number programs with your computer. 



But honestly, once you have found all of 
the prime numbers between 1 and 
10,000, what do you do with them? Do 
they change for reruns of the program? 
In reality, the prime number programs 
will give you an idea of the processor's 
speed, but very few real world programs 
are limited by the processor. Most pro- 
grams are limited by I/O speeds, or how 
fast the machine can print, read or write a 
disk record, or how long we have to wait 
for a human being to type in a new set of 
information. The Z-80 based machine we 
have at work will cheerfully drive a 600 
line per minute printer (in some applica- 
tions), and the Winchester hard disk 
means that I hardly ever have to wait for 
a disk transfer to complete. My 6809 at 
home is limited by my 80 character per 
second printer, and my dual 5^ -inch 
floppies. So, despite the very real 
superiority of the 6809 over the Z-80, I 
can do a lot more work on the Z-80 at 
work. Or, due to the implementation of 
these two systems, the Z-80 is, in effect, 
the more powerful machine. 

But power is only one measure of a 
computer's usefulness. Ease of use, flexi- 
bility, and the availability of appropriate 
software tools for the job at hand are far 
more important than raw speed on a 
benchmark that is unrelated to the work 
you intend to do. Similarly, the availabili- 
ty of excellent business software doesn't 
mean much if you want to use the com- 
puter as a dedicated device controller. 

In the last evaluation, computers come 
in two speed ranges: fast enough and not 
fast enough to get the required job done 
in the amount of time available to do it. 
However, benchmarks like this prime 
number nonsense will do little to help 
anyone decide whether or not a given 
computer will, or will not, meet this sim- 
ple and yet unyielding benchmark. 

Mike Avery 
Austin, TX 



Sin of Assumption 

In my letter (Letters to the Editor, June 
1982, p. 24) I was guilty of the sin of as- 
sumption. I assumed that the routine 
(MVI C54H CALL E53C) changed the Os- 
borne serial baud rate to 9600, because it 
did communicate with my other comput- 
er at a rate much faster than 1200. Sever- 
al people have called me saying that the 
routine does not work, so I checked it fur- 
ther. I found that the rate set by this is 
19,200 and not 9600, which does not ap- 
pear to be available without addition of 
extra hardware. I might add that this 



A feast of 
computing ideas 



1*0*1 



*&m „, .-WMmmmi 



/AICRO 




&p**m rvtfitK ****** 



6tM U» to < 

' ■■ ■■■ y i i i T i TT i i imi mil i TW i i TTiY i T i i i l m i n h i T t T . * i > ' . i » ; ■ i i **. ■ >i ■ ■ ■ ■ » » >H \ 

"^** -" --■—»» »T^,»»?»..-,v.-,-.-.^^ 



You'll love every byte. 

If you work with a 6502 or 6809 based 
system, you're probably hungry for the 
facts and ideas that will help you under- 
stand the inner workings of your com- 
puter. You want to go beyond canned 
software- use your computer for more 
than games- learn the advanced pro- 
gramming techniques that enable you 
to get the most out of your 6502/6809 
system. 

MICRO, The 6502/6809 Journal, 
gives you page after page, month after 
month, of solid information to sink your 
teeth into. MICRO is the premier how-to 
magazine for serious users of the Apple, 
PET/CBM, OSI, Atari, AIM, SYM, KIM, 
and all 6809 based systems including 
the TRS-80 Color Computer. It's a re- 
source journal internationally respected 
by professionals in business, industry, 
and education. 

SUBSCRIPTION RATES (US dollars) 
Yearly subscription (ISSN 027-9002) 
saves 20% off the single-issue price. 

U.S., $24 (SPECIAL OFFER: Save 30% 
off single-issue price: 2 years, $42) 

Other countries, $27 (via surface mail. 
Foreign air rates available on request.) 



Get more out of your Apple . . . 



with the MICRO 

ON THE APPLE series 



/MCftO 

on the Apple 



Volume 



3 



INCLUDES 
DISKETTE 




VOLUME 3 just released! 

More than 40 new programs on diskette 
to help you get more from your Apple: 

• Machine Language Aids 

• I/O Enhancements 

• Applesoft Aids 

• Graphics and Games 

• Reference Information 

19 choice articles 

43 tested programs on diskette 

(16 sector DOS 3.3 format) 

Volume 1 & 2 also available at $24.95. 

Together MICRO on the Apple 1, 2, & 3 

provide more than 1 10 programs on disk- 
ette for less than $1.00 each. No need 
to type in hundreds of lines of code. 



with the most impor- 
tant book ever 
published for the Apple 




The most comprehensive description 
of Apple II firmware and hardware ever 
published— all in one place. 

What's Where in the Apple? 

e Guides you — with a numerical At- 
las and an alphabetical Gazetteer— to 
over 2,000 memory locations of PEEKs, 
POKEs and CALLs. 

e Gives names and locations of vari- 
ous Monitor, DOS, Integer BASIC, 
and Applesoft routines— and tells you 
what they're used for. 

e Helps BASIC users to speed up 
their programs. 

e Enables assembly language pro- 
grammers to simplify coding and inter- 
facing. 

All Apple users will find this book help- 
ful in understanding their machine, and 
essential for mastering it! 



• Look for all these MICRO INK publications at your local computer store, or 

• Call our toll-free number: 1-800-345-8112 

(In Pennsylvania, 1-800-662-2444) and charge it to your VISA or MasterCard', or 

• Use the order form below. Send your check (payable to MICRO) and the form to: 

MICRO, Dept. OA, P.O. Box 6502, Chelmsford, MA 01824. 



QTY 



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I: 

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ITEM 



PRICE EACH 



cost □ Check enclosed 



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MICRO on the Apple 1, 2, & 3 @ $24 .95 
What's Where in the Apple? @ $1 4 95 

MICRO (U.S.) . . . . 1 yr @ $24; 2 yrs @ $42 

MICRO (Foreign) 1 yr @ $27 

Subtotal 

Massachusetts residents add 5% sales tax 

Add S2 per book for shipping 

MICRO Journal excluded Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery 

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Microcomputing, September 1982 17 




Business Is 



Our Business 

Gene Cayot, Sales Manager, MSI. . . 

We have been building commercial quality computer systems for 1 1 years 
now. . . a lot longer than most companies in our industry. Our reputation 
for quality and reliability has been firmly established in over twenty different 
countries where MSI Business Systems are sold. 



Let me tell you more about MSI and our business systems. 



With MSI you get a lot 



more than just hardware. 






Technical Support 

We offer the finest and most extensive customer support of any company 
in our industry. Our systems are equipped with modems which permit our 
technical support staff to perform system diagnostics and file maintenance 
remotely via telephone lines. Our company aircraft allows support personnel 
to be at the customer's site within a few hours if necessary. 

Expandability 

Our systems do not have built-in obsolescence. Any MSI computer 
system can be expanded to run in multi-user mode, with large capacity hard 
disk drives, and with our business software. MSI systems can grow, as your 
business grows, to meet your needs. 

Customer Training 

We hold seminars at selected locations around the country which provide 
training in all areas of MSI system operations — from installation to the use 
of our business software. 

r 

Business Is Our Business 

Our business software modules are designed for "real world" business 
use. We offer complete audit trail files for all changes to the data base, 
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Let MSI help your business run better 

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Circle 144 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 19 



time I checked the baud rate on a bor- 
rowed terminal which ran at 19,200. 
Clipping jumper Jl on the PC board 
should double the 300/1200 rates to 
600/2400. I have not tested this and 
therefore will not recommend it. I have 
no plans for testing this as I am now run- 
ning parallel and am very happy with it. 

Richard Goosman 
Hamilton Square, NJ 



Kudos for Data Systems 

Unfortunately, our industry seems to 
be a seller's market — almost anyone can 
set up a small business and stay afloat 
long enough to lure several of us (often 
more than a few!) into sending money to 
order a mail-order product. All of us have 
heard what can happen to that money — it 
might disappear entirely, or, at best, take 
weeks or months before the product is re- 
ceived. Service, support and quality 
seem to be concepts forgotten by too 
many of the companies we do business 
with. 

Because of this dim record, I almost 
always buy from a local dealer, whom I 
can deal with face to face if I have any 
questions or problems. Recently, 
though, I departed from this rule of 
thumb to purchase ribbon cartridge 
refills for my Epson MX-80 printer. As 
the company that I ordered from. Data 
Systems. Box 99. Fern Park, FL 32730, is 
about as far away from my Washington 
address as you can get within the U.S., I 
expected a long wait for crisp, dark 
listings. Amazingly, I received my order 
eight days after I mailed it! This company 
is truly a gem — if only the larger com- 
panies would follow their example. Not 
only are they incredibly fast, but I can 
buy six refills for the price of one new car- 
tridge here in the Seattle area. 

I will surely do business with Data Sys- 
tems again; and heartily recommend 
them to anyone else contemplating "roll- 
ing their own" Epson ribbon refills. Good 
luck to you. Data Systems. 

Terry Owen Permenter 
Seattle, WA 



Computers and 
Yacht Racing 

In early 1981 the Race Management 
Committee of the United States Yacht 
Racing Union (USYRU) began collecting 
computer and calculator programs 
relating primarily for race and regatta 
scoring. Most of the programs have been 
contributed through the courtesy of their 
authors and are available for a modest 
cost from the USYRU office in Newport. 

The cooperation of the computer and 
yachting press was greatly responsible 
for the success of the program to date. 
Additional programs are desired, espe- 

20 Microcomputing, September 1982 



10 > *****SHELL SORT***** 

20 DIM A (500) 

25 CLSsLPRINT "SHELL SORT" 

40 INPUT "HOW MANY NUMBERS 

50 IF NN <2 OR NN>900 THEN 

60 FOR 1=1 TO NN 

70 A ( I ) =RND ( 1 ) *NN 

80 NEXT 

85 LPRINT "START TIMING " 

90 D=NN:FLAG=0 

100 D=INT< (D+l) /2> 

110 FOR N=l TO NN-D 

120 IF A<N> <=A<N+B) GOTO 

130 T=A(N) : A(N)=A(N+B) : A<N+B>=T 

140 FLAG=1 

150 NEXT 

160 IF FLAG=1 THEN FLAG=0:G0T0 110 

170 IF D>1 THEN 100 

180 LPRINT "STOP TIMING ";TIME* 

190 GOTO 40 



LPRINT 
(2-500) " | NN: LPRINT "NN 

END 



TIME* 



" ; NN 



150 



SHELL SORT 

NN - 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN ■ 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 



NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN = 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN ■ 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 

NN - 

START TIMING 

STOP TIMING 



200 

19:41:55 

19:42:55 

200 

19:43:23 

19:44:26 

200 

19:44:33 

19:45:32 

200 

19:45:40 

19:46:41 

200 

19:46:48 

19:47:48 



300 

19: 48:08 

19:49:57 

300 

1 9 : 50 : 06 

19:51:45 

300 

19:51:56 

19:53:34 

300 

19:53:47 

19:55: 19 

300 

19:55:28 

19:56:59 



SHELL SORT 



NN - 

START 

STOP 

NN = 

START 

STOP 

NN = 

START 

STOP 

NN = 

START 

STOP 

NN = 

START 

STOP 

NN = 



TIMING 
TIMING 

TIMING 
TIMING 

TIMING 
TIMING 

TIMING 
TIMING 

TIMING 
TIMING 



500 

19:58:06 
* :02: 39 

:02:57 



2<_ 
5C 
2( 



2< 

5<: 

2( 

2C 

5( 

2( 

2< 

5( 

2C 

2< 

1 



:07: 19 



:07: 34 

: 11:28 



: 1 1 : 38 

: 15:46 



: 1 6 : 00 

: 20: 09 



Listing 1 . Shell sort with run times on the IBM PC under Advanced Basic. 



cially those devoted to other aspects of 
sailing such as hull or sail design and 
measurement. 

While USYRU makes available the con- 
tributed programs and has a few pro- 
grams for sale, we'd like to include in the 
catalog sources of other programs of any 
nature relating to sailing. Information 
about other programs should be sent to 
USYRU, Box 209, Newport, RI 02840. 

Evans M. Harrell 

Chairman, 

Race Management Committee 

USYRU 
Newport, RI 



Still More on Speed 

With reference to the letter from Mike 
Smith concerning the Shell Sort (Letters 
to the Editor, April 1982, p. 26), here is a 
program incorporating his algorithm to- 



gether with some run times on the IBM 
Personal Computer under Advanced Ba- 
sic. (See Listing 1.) 

Although only five runs of each of three 
sets of numbers were made, it seems to 
be evident that the IBM PC performs very 
efficiently. 

Harry G. Friedman 
Shreveport , LA 

Reply: 

Mr. Friedman's algorithm is identical to 
the one I used on our Apple II + . We could 
therefore conclude that the IBM PC is 
faster than the Apple for this type of pro- 
cessing. 

This is no surprise. Benchmark tests 
conducted by the Association of Comput- 
er Users indicate that the IBM PC is about 
20 percent faster than the Apple II + in 
their scientific/engineering test (mostly 
arithmetic processing). But surprisingly 
(or not surprisingly, if you're an Apple 



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A NEWSLETTER FOR POCKET COMPUTER USERS 

This timely, compact publication provides up to the minute 
information on pocket computers, including models such as 
the Radio Shack TRS-80 PC-1 and PC-2, Sharp Electronic's 
PC-1500 and PC-1 211, Casio, Panasonic/Quasar HHCs, and 
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executing a high level language such as BASIC. 
D Up to the Minute News D Product & Equipment Reviews 
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Circle 381 on Reader Service card 



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fan), they found the Apple to be about 50 
percent faster than the IBM on their ac- 
counts receivable test (heavy on disk I/O). 
Does this mean that the Apple is faster 
than the IBM for business applications in 
general? Someone should run an inven- 
tory or A/R program on the IBM PC and 
then, using the same program, but for- 
matted for the Apple, run the same data 
on the Apple and report the results. 

The difference in arithmetic process- 
ing speed is not totally due to the speed of 
the CPUs or word length. More than like- 
ly the difference is in the programming 
languages. I'm not familiar with IBM's 
Advanced Basic but I do know that real 
variables in Applesoft are five bytes long 
—one byte longer than single precision 
variables in most languages. This extra 
eight bits in the mantissa means that 
each real number has at least nine deci- 
mal digits of precision. Could the pro- 
cessing of numbers which are 25 percent 
longer (in bit length) account for the time 
difference? If VisiCalc were run on the 
IBM PC and then on the Apple with the 
same data, would there be any noticeable 
differences in speed or accuracy? 

Mike Smith 
Seward, AK 



Unisoft and Unix 

Let me compliment you on Phil 
Hughes' article, "The Operating System 
of the Future," June 1982, p. 28. It was 
short, concise and will certainly give the 
uninitiated a good idea of what to expect 
from Unix. 

There's only one thing missing in the 
article— a mention of the UniSoft imple- 
mentation of the Unix operating system 
on 68000-based systems. While you do 
mention Xenix (not yet available for 
68000-based systems), you do not men- 
tion UniSoft (available for 18 systems, 
among them the CM Technologies prod- 
uct that you do mention in your article). 

Bernard Silverman 

Director of Marketing 

UniSoft Corporation 

2405 Fourth St. 

Berkeley, CA 947 lO 



The Right Software 

In the Computer Blackboard depart- 
ment in your April issue (p. 22), Walter 
Koetke lists two short Basic programs 
that he says will work properly on TI and 
Atari computers but not on some others. 
While some might get the idea from this 
that some computers are better than 
others, all it actually proves is that some 
software is better than other software at 
some things. Most of the Basic interpret- 
ers available for small computers have 
what is called a "binary floating point 



package" in them for doing math, while 
some have a "BCD floating point pack- 
age." The binary method is usually cho- 
sen because of speed and efficient memo- 
ry use, but it introduces small errors 
sometimes, especially in addition, and so 
the first of Koetke 's programs does not 
work properly. The second program is 
also affected by these errors, and by the 
method used to find square roots and the 
accuracy of the constants (if any) used in 
the calculations. 

The BCD method of doing math is 
more accurate, and if you have a Basic 
that uses it, it will probably run both pro- 
grams correctly. For example. Processor 
Technology 5K Basic (can you remember 
back that far?), which is still available in 
a CP/M version from the CP/M Users' 
Group, has a BCD package and will run 
both programs correctly. Another Basic 
from CP/MUG, Basic-E, has a binary 
package but can also run the second pro- 
gram correctly (but not the first one). It 
takes five seconds (on a 2 MHz Z-80) to do 
it, while PT 5K Basic takes 28 seconds. 
There are faster BCD packages than 
PT's, but the binary method usually wins 
the speed race. 

All is not lost if you only have one Basic 
available and it has a binary package. For 
example, you can make the first program 
run correctly by doing it this way: 

10 FOR C = 1 TO 100 STEP . 1 
20C = INT(C*10+.5)/10 
30 PRINT C 
40 NEXT C 

Line 20 rounds off C to the nearest tenth 
before it is printed. Similarly, you can 
round off the first square root to the near- 
est tenth in the second program and it 
will run correctly on most Basic inter- 
preters. Just change line 20 to read 
20 IFINT(SQR(C)*10+.5)/10OSQR(C) 

THEN 40 
To illustrate that some software is better 
than other software at some things, recall 
that Koetke said that Microsoft Basic only 
found nine answers with the second pro- 
gram. I found that it not only gets just 
nine answers, but it takes 1 1 seconds to 
do it on my computer, while Heath's Ben- 
ton Harbor Basic gets all ten and only 
takes five seconds. But when you run real 
programs such as business applications 
under both Basic interpreters, Microsoft 
runs circles around BH Basic, and with 
its print using facility to round off num- 
bers automatically, it always gets the fig- 
ures right, while BH Basic may slip up oc- 
casionally. 

I guess all of this proves that software is 
the most important part of the computer. 
Well-written software will always run 
well, and hardware deficiencies can usu- 
ally be bypassed with good software. Get 
a computer that can run software from a 
lot of sources and you'll have a winner. 

Patrick Swayne 

HUG Software Developer 

St. Joseph, MI 



22 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 204 on Reader Service card. 




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Vigil 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 14, 1982) 

System Requirements: Commodore VIC 
20, any expansion of 3K or more, disk or 
tape drive 

Manufacturer: Abacus Software, PO Box 
7211, Grand Rapids, MI 49610 
Price: $35 

Comments: Vigil is a "programming hob- 
byist system for the Commodore VIC com- 
puters with expanded memory," the re- 
view says. 

"It permits the programmer to create and 
move video block graphics," according to 
the review. 

"As a programming language, it provides 
shortcut graphic routines that would be dif- 
ficult or impossible to execute in Basic," the 
review says. 

Vigil is quite effective as a home graphic 
programming package; however, since you 
must own a Vigil interpreter for commer- 
cial game programming, it is limited in this 
capacity. Reader Service number 409. 



DFX 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, April 1982} 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K 
bytes, DOS 3.3, Applesoft in ROM or lan- 
guage card, a Hayes Micromodem in slot 2 
and a disk drive in slot 6 
Manufacturer: Arrow Micro Software, 1 1 
Kingsford, Kanata, Ontario K2K1T5, Canada. 
Price: $45 

Comments: "This program is well worth 
the money for anyone who has occasion to 
transfer files between Apples equipped 
with the appropriate hardware," says the 
review. 

"The feature that sets DFX apart is its 
ability to carry on a keyboard 'chat' with 
the remote user while a file is being trans- 
ferred," according to the review. There is 
no noticeable loss of file transfer speed as a 
result of this. 

'The handling of errors is extensive in 
DFX and exceptionally well done, ' ' says the 
review. This is "the most user-friendly 
communication package for two Apples." 
Reader Service number 401. 



Hail to the Chief 

(Reviewed in School Microware Reviews, 
Winter 1982} 

System Requirements: 48K bytes Apple II, 
one disk drive, Applesoft; 48K bytes TRS-80, 
one disk drive, DOS Basic; 32K bytes Atari, 
cassette; 40K bytes Atari, one disk. 
Manufacturer: Creative Computing Soft- 
ware, 38 East Hanover Ave., Morris Plains, 
NJ 07950 

Price: $24.95 (on disk) 
Comments: In Hail to the Chief, the stu- 
dent's objective is to be elected President of 
the United States. A strategy must be select- 
ed and executed by the student. He must 
decide what position to take on issues (i.e., 
energy policy, unemployment, women's 
rights, health and foreign policy), according 
to the review. 

The student must also handle the finan- 
cial aspects of his campaign, including fund 
raising and allocations to promotional proj- 
ects, the review says. 

'This is an excellent program. It creates a 
level of tension and conflict between posi- 
tion and polls which helps to maintain stu- 
dent interest," according to the review. 

The program does require a lot of time to 
complete and could use more graphics, but 
on the whole, this is a worthwhile program 
for the high school or college student, the 
review says. Reader Service number 406. 



Graphtrix 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982) 

System Requirements: Applesoft, 48K, 
Applesoft ROM, graphics printer, DOS 3.3 
Manufacturer: Data Transform, Inc., 906 
E. Fifth Ave., Denver, CO 80218 
Price: $65 

Comments: Graphtrix not only prints a Hi- 
Res screen on your printer, but also allows 
the user to include graphics, footnotes and 
superscripts in documents created by the 
Apple Writer text editor or Editrix (Data 
Transforms' text editor). 

"If you already use Apple Writer, then 
you will very likely find GT a useful addi- 
tion to your word processing system," the 
review says. Reader Service number 423. 



Nutrichec Version 2.0 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 7, 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II Plus, DOS 
3.3, 32K bytes RAM, and one disk drive 
Manufacturer: WIMS Computer Consult- 
ing, 6723 East 66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74171 
Price: $59.95 

Comments: "Nutrichec is a versatile soft- 
ware package that quickly organizes your 
food intake into nutritional categories," 
says the review. 

The program is designed for healthy per- 
sons from three to 80 years of age, and is not 
meant for people with special dietary 
needs, the review says. 

Nutrichec provides the user with his "en- 
tire diet-and-physical-activity analysis," in- 
cluding a hard copy of the results "in five to 
ten minutes," according to the review. 

The manual is clearly written, well in- 
dexed, and overall is a useful reference 
tool," the review says. 

Although this program may require some 
practice, it is for the most part easy to use 
for the inexperienced computer user. Read- 
er Service number 403. 



Amper-Sort/Merge 

(Reviewed in Micro, July 1982) 

System Requirements: 48K Apple with 
Applesoft and DOS 3.3 data files 
Manufacturer: S & H Software, Box 5, 
Manvel, ND 58256 

Price: $49.95 (plus $3 postage and handling) 
Comments: Amper-Sort/Merge sorts se- 
quential or random access text files. It can 
sort and merge up to five user-supplied file 
names at machine-language speeds, accord- 
ing to the review. 

The program is ' 'user-friendly with ample 
prompts," the review says. The user is able 
to sort large text files because the program 
"uses work files for multiple merging oper- 
ation under program control," according to 
the review. 

The user must be able to understand the 
file names and formats of the data to be sort- 
ed; however, the user needs no program- 
ming knowledge, the review says. Reader 
Service 421. 



24 Microcomputing, September 1982 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 25 



Key Perfect 

(Reviewed in Micro, July 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II with 48K 
RAM, 1 Disk II 

Manufacturer: micro-spare, inc., PO Box 
639, Lincoln, MA 01773 
Price: $29.95 

Comments: Key Perfect is a "utility which 
computes check codes' associated with Ap- 
ple II program files," the review says. 

Although it seems to work, according to 
the review, "the program is not particularly 
user-forgiving." For instance, "the program 
does not allow a catalog command to be is- 
sued while it is running." Reader Service 
number 420. 



Personal Check Manager 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982 J 

System Requirements: Applesoft, 48K 
Applesoft ROM, one or two drives (printer 
optional but helpful) DOS 3.3 
Manufacturer: Donald Poling, 6929 La 
Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045. 
Price: $30 

Comments: "Personal Check Manager 
has some major weaknesses," the review 
says. The documentation is unclear and lit- 
erally hard to read because of light print; 
also there is no backup capability for the 
data disk. 

The program does have potential, but 
the review does not recommend use until 
corrections are made. Reader Service 
number 425. 






REAP 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 14, 1982} 

System Requirements: Apple II, DOS 
3.3, 48K RAM, one or more disk drives and 
80-columns-plus printer 
Manufacturer: Datamost, 9748 Cozycroft 
Ave., Chatworth, CA 91311 
Price: $129.95 

Comments: Real Estate Analysis Program 
(REAP) "attempts to take the work out of 
providing a comparative analysis of invest- 
ment potential or real estate properties," 
the review says. 

REAP is "easy to use and can provide you 
with a ball-park analysis for a variety of 
real-estate investment situations," accord- 
ing to the review. 

The program has adequate error handling 
and well designed documentation, accord- 
ing to the review. 

'The program is well suited for taking a 
quick and general look at potential real-es- 
tate investments." Reader Service num- 
ber 414. 



UFO 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 28, 1982) 

System Requirements: CP/M 1.4 or 
greater, one disk drive 
Manufacturer: Digital Constructs, 130 
Main St., Norristown, PA 19401 
Price: $75 

Comments: UFO (User Friendly Opera- 
tions) is a collection of utilities designed for 
a wide variety of applications. 

'These utilities will definitely be a wel- 
come addition to your software library if 
you do much file comparison," the re- 
view says. 

UFO consists of four programs: ADIF, 
BDIF, CDIF and DEL. "The first three are 
file-difference detectors. That is, they com- 
pare two input files for one or more differ- 
ences. The fourth program is an enhanced 
version of the CP/M ERA function," ac- 
cording to the review. 

The programs are "easy to use and well 
documented and they perform as speci- 
fied," the review says. Reader Service 
number 416. 



Math and Spelling Strategy 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 28, 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II Plus or 
Apple II with Applesoft, DOS 3.3, 48K 
RAM, one disk drive, color monitor or TV 
preferred 

Manufacturer: Behavioral Engineering 
(via Special Delivery Software), 230 
Mount Hermon Road, Suite 207, Scotts 
Valley, CA 95066 
Price: $45 

Comments: Math Strategy and Spelling 
Strategy explore the technique of Neuro- 
Linguistic Programming. The technique is 
based on the premise that people organize 
their experiences through "sensory repre- 
sentational systems" (i.e., sight, hearing 
and so on), the review says. 

"Furthermore," according to the review, 
"people exhibit observable 'accessing cues' 
when they try to reference one of these sys- 
tems," the review says. 

The "accessing cue" that Math Strategy 
and Spelling Strategy use is eye movement. 

According to the author, people "tend to 
move their eyes up and to the left when re- 
calling an image," the review says. 

Therefore, by moving your eyes appro- 
priately when you learn and recall proper 
responses, you can improve your ability to 
visualize correct responses, according to 
the review. 

The programs have good documentation 
and are soundly designed. Students may 
have to be guided through by an adult the 
first time— after that they should do well on 
their own, the review says. Reader Service 
number 417. 



Master Diagnostics Plus 

(Reviewed in Nibble, Vol 3, No. 1, 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, DOS 3.3 
Manufacturer: Nikrom Technical Prod- 
ucts, 25 Prospect St., Leominister, MA 
01453 

Price: $75.00 

Comments: "An impressive collection of 
diagnostic routines," according to the re- 
view. The documentation is exceptional. 
'The excellent on-screen prompting pro- 
vides all the information you need to actual- 
ly run the tests provided and obtain mean- 
ingful results," according to the review. 
This package should be in the library of ev- 
ery Apple user," the review says. Reader 
Service number 415. 



J 



Electric Duet 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, 
DOS 3.3 

Manufacturer: Insoft, 10175 S.W. Barbur 
Blvd, Suite 202B, Portland, OR 97219 
Price: $29.95 

Comments: "The Electric Duet is a two 
voice music synthesizer/interpreter that 
seems to remain in the tradition of Forte," 
the review says. 

However, it goes beyond Forte in that it 
can play two notes simultaneously. The ED 
comes with the option to either play or 
write music. 

"If you think you have the potential to be- 
come a computer music programmer, start 
with this," the review says. Reader Service 
number 428. 



Radar 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 21, 1982) 

System Requirements: System with 
CP/M, 64K RAM (optimal), one or more 
disk drives 

Manufacturer: Southern Computer Sys- 
tems, Inc., PO Box 3373A, Birmingham, AL 
35225 
Price: $495 

Comments: "Radar (Random Access Data 
Acquisition and Retrieval) is a program de- 
veloped to provide quick and accurate data 
entry and retrieval," according to the 
review. 

"Speed of operation is definitely the 
strong point of Radar," the review says. 

It is assumed that the user is familiar with 
installing such programs, the review says, 
so don't count on help from the documenta- 
tion. However, generally the documenta- 
tion contains good information. Reader Ser- 
vice number 430. 



26 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 25 on Reader Service card. 



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Apple and Applesoft are 

registered trademarks of 

Apple Computer Co. 



P.O. Box 
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Oak Ridg< 
[TN 37030 



Circle 91 on Reader Service card. 



QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR TRS-80 COLOR AND OSI 




BASIC THAT ZOOOMMS!! 
AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER 
FOR OSI AND TRS-80 COLOR MA- 
CHINES!!! The compiler allows you to 
write your programs in easy BASIC and 
then automatically generates a machine 
code equivalent that runs 50 to 150 times 
faster. 

It does have some limitations. It takes at 
least 8K of RAM to run the compiler and it 
does only support a subset of BASIC— about 
20 commands including FOR, NEXT, END, 
GOSUB, GOTO, RETURN, END, PRINT, 
STOP, USR(X), PEEK, POKE, *,/, + ,-, 
x x , = , VARIABLE NAMES A-Z, A 
SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLE, and INTE- 
GER NUMBERS FROM - 64K. 
TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It 
generates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809 
code. It comes with a 20 page manual and 
can be modified or augmented by the user. 
$24.95 on tape or disk for OSI or TRS-80 
Color. 



LABYRINTH 16K EXTENDED COLOR 
BASIC - With amazing 3D graphics, you 
fight your way through a maze facing real 
time monsters. The graphics are real enough 
to cause claustrophobia. The most realistic 
game that I have ever seen on either system. 
$14.95. (8K on OSI) 



L! L-UA'lUiHL; 



QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVEN- 
TURE GAMES! Different from all the 
others. Quest is played on a computer 
generated map of Alesia. Your job is to 
gather men and supplies by combat, bargain- 
ing, exploration of ruins and temples and 
outright banditry. When your force is strong 
enough, you attack the Citadel of Moorlock 
in a life or death battle to the finish. Play- 
able in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different 
every time. 

16K COLOR-80 OR TRS-80 or 12KOSI. 
$14.95. 





AWItW? 



VENTURER!— A fast action all machine 
code Arcade game that feels like an adven- 
ture. Go berserk as you sneak past the 
DREADED HALL MONSTERS to gather 
treasure in room after room, killing the 
NASTIES as you go. Great color, high res 
graphics, sound and Joystick game for the 
TRS-80 Color or OSI machines, (black 
and white and silent on OSI.) Tape only. 
$19.95. 



AARDVARK - 80 
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 
TRS 80 COLOR (313)669-3110 





OSI 



Microcomputing, September 1982 27 



GraForth II 

(Reviewed in Creative Computing, July 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K 

bytes and one disk drive 

Manufacturer: INSOFT, 10175 Barbur 

Blvd., Suite 202B, Portland, OR 

Price: $75 

Comments: "If you really want to produce 

high quality 3-D animation, buy GraForth 

II," the review says. However, the review 

says, for 2-D animation "all the languages 

are equally good." 

"If you've been trucking along with Ap- 
ple Basic or Pascal, you will appreciate the 
completeness of this new package," accord- 
ing to the review. 

"GraForth II does almost everything that 
a graphics language should do," the review 
says. Reader Service number 412. 



Apple Pilot 

(Reviewed in Creative Computing, July 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II Plus, 48K 
bytes, disk drives (two drives required for 
authoring) 

Manufacturer: Apple Computer, Inc., 
10260 Bandley Drive, Cupertino, CA 94017 
Price: $150 

Comments: Apple Pilot is designed to al- 
low the person unfamiliar with computa- 
tional details to "develop useful and sophis- 
ticated courseware for use in the 
classroom," the review says. 

"Overall this is a useful program and can 
be put to good use by both the experienced 
and inexperienced courseware developer," 
according to the review. Reader Service 
number 413. 



Circle 172 on Reader Service card 



\ferbatim 

flexible disks 

Call Free (800) 235-4137 for 

prices and information. Dealer 
inquiries invited. COD. and 
charge cards accepted. 



VISA' 



PACIFIC 
EXCHANGES 

100 Foothill Blvd. 
San Luis Obispo, CA 
93401. InCal. call 
(800) 592-5935 or 
(805) 543-1037 



28 Microcomputing, September 1982 



ASCOM 2.0 

(Reviewed in Info World, June 28, 1982) 

System Requirements: IBM PC, PC- 
DOS, one disk drive minimum, Asynch 
card and modem 

Manufacturer: Dynamic Microproces- 
sor Associates, 545 Fifth Ave., New York, 
NY 10017 
Price: $175 

Comments: "The ASCOM (Asychronous 
Communications) program is a versatile 
modem-control program for the IBM Per- 
sonal Computer. It performs most, if not all, 
of the tasks required for effective communi- 
cation," according to review. 

For the most part the error handling is 
good; however, a disk-full error causes you 
to lose any captured information, the re- 
view says. 

"ASCOM is impressive in its range of op- 
tions. You'll need a little familiarization" 
with the program, but common tasks are 
quite easy, according to the review. Reader 
Service number 418. 



If you have occasion 

to use VisiCalc as a 

planning tool, RVC 

is a must. 



RVC 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, April 1982) 

System Requirements: Applesoft, 48K 
bytes, Disk II, Hayes Micromodem II 
Manufacturer: Arrow Micro Software, 11 
Kingsford, Kanata, Ontario K2L1T5, Canada. 
Price: $45 

Comments: "This is one of the first pro- 
grams to take a major application program 
and extend its range by using the modem 
and telephone," according to the review. 

RVC (Reflexive VisiCalc) allows two 
users of VisiCalc to interact on the same 
spreadsheet over a telephone line. "This in- 
teraction can be used for bargaining, coop- 
erative budget formulation, or a wide varie- 
ty of other applications," says the review. 

'This is a very exciting package," says 
the review. Without a program such as 
RVC, there is no way to move data from one 
Apple to another without being "physically 
present at the computer where the data is 
located," according to the review. 

"If you have occasion to use VisiCalc as a 
planning tool with another Apple user, RVC 
is a must," the review says. Reader Service 
number 402. 



Metric Drill 

(Reviewed in School Microware, Winter 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, Ap- 
plesoft in ROM, one disk drive 
Manufacturer: Hartley Courseware, Inc., 
PO Box 431, Dimondale, MI 48821 
Price: $49.95 

Comments: "This program is an effective 
practice device for use while learning the 
metric system." The only drawbacks, the 
review says, are that the teacher may have 
to help the student select the appropriate 
lesson and that only two answer choices are 
provided, so guessing correctly is not too 
difficult. 

One of the advantages is that the teacher 
can modify the program. Metric drill sug- 
gests course/subject and grade levels, the 
review says. 

The program "operates properly and is 
free of bugs." Reader Service number 419. 



SAT Vocab 

(Reviewed in School Microware Reviews, 
Winter 1982) 

System Requirements: PET 8K bytes 
Manufacturer: Microphys, 2048 Ford St., 
Brooklyn, NY 11229. 
Price: Ten programs on tape— $10 each. 
Comments: SAT Vocab is an excellent 
package which prepares students for the 
Scholastic Aptitude Test, the review says. 
The flaws are that it is not well structured 
and graphics are not well used. However, 
the "prerequisite concepts and vocabulary 
are quite reasonable" and the program "is 
free of bugs." Reader Service number 407. 



The Home Accountant 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II Plus, 
48K, one or two disk drives, printer (132 
columns optional) DOS 3.3 
Manufacturer: Continental Software, 16724 
Hawthorne Blvd., Lawndale, CA 90260 
Price: $74.95 

Comments: "The program has many capa- 
bilities and the power to manipulate and 
track inputs through the many account cat- 
egories," according to the review. How- 
ever, categorizing assets and liabilities into 
accounts is very time consuming. 

The Home Accountant is marketed for 
the Apple owner who is not necessarily fa- 
miliar with accounting practices; however, 
the review says, the documentation does 
not support the intended user. 

The program has many capabilities that 
are not discussed in the documentation, so 
it is difficult to effectively use the program. 
Reader Service number 426. 



Circle 140 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 45 on Reader Service card. 



•■• ••• •■• •■• •*• •■• •■• •*• •*• •*• •*• •"• •*• •*• •*• •■• •"• *^ *^ •"• *^ 



* 

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A 

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OMNITEK COMPUTERS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 
1 300 MAIN STREET TEWKSBURY, MASS 

617-851-4580 

Smith-Corona Daisy Wheel Printer 639.00 

Verbatim 5.25" D. L 25.00 

1 6K RAM KITS 1 3.00 

Okldata Mlcrollne 80 319.00 

Okldata Mlcrollne 82 A 434.00 

Okldata Mlcrollne 83 A 679.00 

Epson MX-80 439.00 

Epson MX-80 FT 544.00 

Epson MX-IOO 689.00 

Radio Shack Mill w/48K 879.00 

Radio Shack Mill w/48K and 2 40T dr 

1649.00 and RS232 1739.00 

40 track economy drive Power Supply 

with case 1 79.00 

Tandon drives with Power Supply and case 

40 track single head 249.00 

dual head 359.00 

80 track single head 339.00 

dual head 437.00 

5.25" Power Supply and case 39.00 

8" Power Supply and case 99.00 

CENTRONICS 739 Printer 469.00 



A 
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PLAY THE NUMBERS 
GAME- AND W|N 



With ELF and TWG/ARIMA 



STATISTICAL 
SOFTWARE 



A Omnitek Computers International Inc. * 



A 
A 
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TRS-80 is a reg. trademark of Tandy Corp. 
Prices are for mall order only TERMS: Check, 
money order, Mastercard and Visa accepted. 
F.O.B. Tewksbury-frelght extra. Mass residents add 
5% sales tax. Write for f REE CATALOG. 



A 
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ELF performs 

factor analysis 
multiple regression 
stepwise, discriminant analysis 
cross tabulations 
1 and 2 way ANOVA 
as well as all basic statistics, including 
skewness. kurtosises. etc and Chi- 
Square. ELF will also create and edit a 
data base as well as visually depict 
data in scattergrams and histograms 
bar graphs), and more 
$200 00 



TWG/ 
ARIMAiS 

invaluable to 
users interested 
in time series This 
Box-Jenkins package 
identifies 

• seasonal and non- 
seasonal differencing 

• Box-Cox transformations 
estimates 

• correlation between coefficients 

• Box-Pierce statistics and their 
significance 

• t statistics 

• probabilities and predicts 

• various lead times 

• starting points 

• confidence levels for time series forecast 
data 

$300 00 

Each program comes with database manager, numeric 

software keypad and requires an Apple II with Applesoft/ 

48 K. and DOS 3.3 

To order write to 

The Winchendon Group 

3907 Lakota Road 

P.O.BOX10114K ^v^norn-, 

Alexandria. VA 22310 (703) 960-2587 



********************* 




THE WINCHENDON GROUP 



Circle 164 on Reader Service card. 




tS CHECK US FIRST! 

for 
DISCOUNT TRS-80 COMPUTERS 



BUY DIRECT 

«^ No Out-of-State - Taxes - Kansans Add 4% 
is Large Inventory for Immediate Shipment 
v* 100% TRS-80® Equipment 
is Convenient Order Number 
is F-48 Form Provided 



TRS-80 

CALL US FOR 

OUR PRICES 

and PRICE List 



1-800-835-9056 



^ Visa, Mastercard 
is Wire Transfers 
is Bank Cashier's 

Checks & Money 

Orders. 



Jimscot, Inc 

1023 N. Kansas 

P.O. Box 607 

Liberal, Ks. 67901 



l 



Kansas Residents: 
316-624-1919 (Collect) 



TRS-80 is a registered Trademark of Tandy Corp. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 29 



Volkswriter 

(Reviewed in InfoWorld, June 14, 1982) 

System Requirements: IBM PC under 

IBM DOS, 128K RAM (recommended), one 

disk drive (minimum) 

Manufacturer: Lifetree Software, Inc., 

177 Webster, Suite 342, Monterey, CA 

93940 

Price: $195 

Comments: Volkswriter is "a mix of highs 

and lows," according to the review. 

"Volkswriter is a complete word-pro- 
cessing package designed to use the fea- 
tures of the IBM Personal Computer," the 
review says. 

The review says that Volkswriter does 
have one serious limitation. "If your system 
has 64K or less of RAM memory, Volkswrit- 
er probably is not for you." 

Volkswriter is reasonably easy to use and 
handles errors well; however, the docu- 
mentation is lacking in certain areas. The 
manual does not inform the user that 128K 
RAM is recommended until page 47. "This 
information belongs on the cover or the first 
page of the manual, not in appendix E," the 
review says. Reader Service number 411. 



Datafax 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982} 

System Requirements: Apple II Plus, 

64K, Runtime Pascal, 2 Disk II, optional 

printer, DOS 3.3 

Manufacturer: Link Systems, 1640 19th 

St., Santa Monica, CA 90404 

Price: $199 

Comments: "This is an ideal program to 

organize all of those notes that accumulate 

on your desk," according to the review. 

"Commands are available at the top level 
of Datafax to convert Datafax data into an 
Apple Pascal compatible text file," the re- 
view says. 

Datafax has a completely different ap- 
proach to data management in that it offers 
free form management of relatively large 
volumes of textual information; however, it 
cannot perform such functions as mathe- 
matical computations and detailed report 
formatting, the review says. 

"Many will find that the program will pay 
for itself in a short time by reducing the ag- 
gravation associated with trying to find a 
particular piece of information." Reader 
Service number 427. 



Antfarm is "designed to teach programming 
logic to beginners of all ages ..." 



L 



The Math Machine 

(Reviewed in School Microware Reviews, 
Winter 1982} 

System Requirements: 48K bytes, Apple 
II, Applesoft in ROM, one disk, printer op- 
tional 

Manufacturer: SouthWest EdPsych Ser- 
vices, Inc., PO Box 1870, Phoenix, AZ 
85001 

Price: $79.95 (two copies provided) 
Comments: The Math Machine "gives 
practice in working elementary math prob- 
lems ranging from pre-math skills to divi- 
sion," according to the review. 

'The Math Machine is a high-quality pro- 
gram. The advantages include a clearly 
written, comprehensive manual, sequential 
performance objectives and a teacher-spec- 
ified reinforcement schedule," the review 
says. 

Each student is allowed to work at his 
own pace and receives immediate feedback 
for each response. 

The program makes "good use of graph- 
ics color and sound," the review says. The 
program allows a "reasonable number of 
wrong answers, and responds appropriate- 
ly to excessive wrong answers," according 
to the review. Reader Service number 408. 



Vectors & Graphics 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, April 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple ROM, 48K 
bytes, Disk II, DOS 3.3 
Manufacturer: Cross Educational Soft- 
ware, PO Box 1536, Ruston, LA 71270 
Price: $10 

Comments: Vectors & Graphics is de- 
signed to be used with a high school or col- 
lege physics course; it is not designed to 
teach it, says the review. 

The package offers "very little explana- 
tion or background information," says the 
review, so some prior physics-related 
courses are necessary. Vectors & Graphics 
is not capable of teaching with the aid of a 
textbook and instruction. 

The program has a short quiz section; 
however, these questions assume the stu- 
dent has some knowledge not available 
through the program. 

'The program is very poorly error 
trapped," according to the review. For ex- 
ample, if the student hits reset, "he is 
knocked out of the program and must start 
over," says the review. 

This program could be useful if a good 
textbook and instruction were also provid- 
ed. Reader Service number 400. 



Supervyz 

(Reviewed in InfoWorld, June 7, 1982) 

System Requirements: Any Z-80 or 8080 
system, CP/M 2.2 or MP/M 1.1, 40K RAM, 
double-density disk drive helpful, 20x80 
CRT screen 

Manufacturer: Epic Computer Corpora- 
tion, 7542 Trade St., San Diego, CA 92121 
Price: $95 

Comments: "Supervyz is designed to be a 
user-friendly preprocessor to CP/M," ac- 
cording to the review. The program's menu 
appears on the screen and the user then 
types the number that indicates the desired 
operation. 

Supervyz has a lot of little flaws and crud- 
ities, the review says, "but once it is set up 
properly, it does what it is intended to do." 
Reader Service number 422. 



Image 

(Reviewed in InfoWorld, June 14, 1982) 

System Requirements: Z89 or Z90, CP/M 
2.2, 48K bytes of RAM, two 5*4- or eight- 
inch disk drives, and letter quality printer 

Manufacturer: Computer Development, 
Inc., 6700 SW 105th St., Beaverton, OR 97005 
Price: $295 

Comments: "Image is a word/graphic-pro- 
cessing system that lets you create bar 
charts, diagrams and block lettering inter- 
mixed with normal text," says the review. 

The review calls Image "a complete word 
processor, because it lets you create a text 
file and print it out in one operation with 
one program." 

Image offers "superb, professionally 
done" documentation and impressive sup- 
port. "How many companies have a toll- 
free number that you can call to get im- 
mediate responses to your queries?" the 
review asks. Reader Service number 404. 



Micro-Painter 

(Reviewed in InfoWorld, July 26, 1982) 

System Requirements: Atari 800, 48K 
RAM, one disk drive, joystick 
Manufacturer: Data Soft, Inc., 19519 
Business Drive, Northbridge, CA 91343 
Price: $34.95 

Comments: "Micro-Painter lets you de- 
sign and paint original pictures;" it can also 
be used as an "electronic coloring book," 
because the diskette comes with nine pre- 
drawn pictures for you to color, according 
to the review. 

The only flaw, according to the review, is 
that the documentation is misleading in 
places. Reader Service number 449. 



30 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 122 on Reader Service card 



Circle 80 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 316 on Reader Service card. 



FOLLOW THE STApJfcrf 

====NcrrhStar 
STOCK MANAGER 



Complete system for securities data- 
base and reporting system Provides 
a variety of reports, including IRS 
schedule D, that permit selection of 
data on security name, dates, status 
of holding, or broker in any combina- 
tion Includes data on share price, 
commissions, taxes Includes sepa- 
rate sort program 

Requires 40K Written in NorthStar 
Basic Also available in CBASIC 2 
Please specify configuration 
Price $49 95 First Class Postage Inc 
CT Residents include 7.5% tax 
WSR SOFTWARE ASSOCIATES 
55 Lantern Road, Fairfield, CT 06430 



Circle 220 on Reader Service card. 



IBM PC* - 
OSBORNE I® 



MX-80® 
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$35.00 
PARALLEL PRINTER CABLES 

Our printer cable is designed to 
connect the IBM PC® parallel 
printer adapter or the OSBORNE 
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Add $2.00 C.O.D. Charges, TX RES add 
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Dept M RO. Box 26595 

Austin TX, 78755 

512-835-6136 



Circle 35 on Reader Service card. 



SOFTWARE & NEWS 

FOR MICROPOLIS S 100. INCL. VECTOR GRAPHIC. 
I EXIDY. CDS. COMPAL. BLACKHAWK. IWSAI. and 
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MOOS & CPM Languages. Mil's. Apple's. Games 
Price List - Free Catalog $2.00 

B&S\C)S & 1 Compters $345 

Accounting S/W - A/R. A/P. G/L. INV. 

PAY, Order Entry $140-5350 

Data Base Management $50-$450 

Mail System $50 

Assembly Language Sorts - called from Mp 

Basic or Basic-80 $75 

MD0S to CP/M. CP/M to MD0S translator and 

disk utilities $ 1 50 

Word Processors $125-5500 

Micropolis/Vector Graphic Users Group 
Monthly newsletter, S/W discounts . . $18 

Library disks (MD0S & CP/M) $3-$10 

Products postpaid to N Amer Add $7 elsewhere. All 
funds in U.S. $. VISA & MC accepted Deduct 5% for 
cash 

DAMAN 

Ste. 202. 604 Springwood Cr.. Huntsville. AL 35803 



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MX-1 00 

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Minimum Order 3 Ribbons 
Price Includes Shipping 

We accept Mastercard and Visa 

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L^^ P BOX 103. RANDOLPH. MA 02368 
V^ Call Toll Free - 1-800-343-7706 
In Massachusetts - 617-963-7694 



Circle 139 on Reader Service card. 



Scotch® 
Diskettes 





Top-quality Scotch® Brand Diskettes 
from Tech* Data, your complete 
word and data processing supply 
center. Dealer inquiries invited. 

Call Toll Free 

1-800-237-8931. 

In Florida, call 

813-577-2794, 

Tech* Data Corporation 

3251 Tech Drive North 
St. Petersburg. FL 33702 




Circle 148 on Reader Service card. 



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Get twice as much from your H88 or 
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Call 714/275-1272 today 
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combination of features, quality and performance 
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0-300 Baud, Bell 103 compatible. Originate/ 
Answer. Half/full duplex. RS-232, TTL, CMOS 
level compatible. Use any computer. Cassette 
tape recorder ports save data for reloading or re- 
transmission. 6 pole active filter handles weak 
signals. Carrier detect LED indicates adequate 
signal strength for data recognition. Quality 
"muffs" gives good acoustic coupling, isolates 
external noise for reliable data transfer. Crystal 
controlled. "ON" LED. Aluminum cabinet. 110 
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PC board eliminates wiring, crosstalk, line inter- 
ference. 3 RS-232 25 pin connectors. 7x2x6 in. 

95 MFJ-1108 AC POWER CENTER. 

Adds convenience, prevents data 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 31 



Class of '82 



Educational software is getting better— but don't trash 
the textbooks yet. Producers still have a lot to learn. 



By Lloyd R. Prentice 



Current statistics from credible 
sources are probably the best in- 
dicators of growth in the educational 
software field. But I have another 
metric. I visit my friend Rick. 

Rick first called me some 18 
months ago. "My company is think- 
ing about distributing software to 
schools. Can you recommend prod- 
ucts that we should add to our line?" 

I was impressed. Rick's company 
had been selling stuff to schools for 
more than 100 years— everything 
from chalk erasers to shuttlecocks. 

At that time Rick's office was 
tucked in the corner of a cavernous 
warehouse. We threaded down aisles 
of storage racks that groaned under 
pallets of blackboards and pencils 
and scissors and paste, and we 
entered a space the size of a roomy 
broom closet. "Our new microcom- 
puter area," Rick announced proudly. 

By my next visit the stroll to Rick's 
area was shorter and less of an adven- 
ture. Rick had a new assistant and 
new space. Their two desks seemed 
lost in the expanse of the new office. 

During my third visit carpenters 
were hammering away in an adjacent 
area installing floor-to-ceiling 
shelves. "Storage for our inventory of 
software and books," Rick told me. 
He introduced me to his new 
secretary. 

With each visit I watched the floor 
of Rick's domain disappear under 
desks and racks and computer sta- 
tions. Rick introduced me to the man- 
ager of his new retail outlet and 
hinted at big deals brewing. 

My last visit with Rick was just a 
few days ago and it' s clear that lack of 
space is again crimping his style. My 
mind flashed back to the cavernous 
warehouse and for an instant I saw 

32 Microcomputing, September 1982 



pallets of floppy disks and three-ring 
binders piled to the fluorescent fix- 
tures high above my head. 

There are both pessimists and op- 
timists in the educational software 
field. One publisher told me that 
schools just don't have money for 
software. But Talmis, a respected 
market research firm, sees sales 
growing from near zip three years 
ago to some $75 million by 1985. Cer- 
tainly my visits with Rick affirm that 
sales are on the rise. But the big ques- 
tion is— just what is being sold? 
What's available to help kids learn 
and how good is it? Progress in these 
areas is not so easy to gauge. 

Recently my company did a de- 
tailed survey of the hardware and 
software products available to educa- 
tors. We identified 1004 separate 
software products targeted for grades 
K through 12. This number, in fact, is 
misleading since many of the prod- 
ucts that we turned up are actually 
series that include 10, 20 or 30 dif- 
ferent units. So we're talking about 
maybe 1500 to 2000 separate pro- 
grams. We found programs for art 
and music, computer literacy, early 
childhood, guidance, language arts 
and reading, library skills, mathe- 
matics, science, social science, spe- 
cial education and vocational and 
business education. We also found 
programs for instructional manage- 
ment and various "authoring" sys- 
tems to make the process of develop- 
ing instructional software less 
of a chore. 

These 1004 packages were pro- 
duced by some 217 companies— 169 
produce software exclusively, 30 pro- 
duce both hardware and software 
and 18 produce both software and 
books. From the point of view of 



quantity, then, producers are trip- 
ping over one another to get the prod- 
uct out and they seem to be cranking 
out something for everyone. 

But what about quality? How good 
is the stuff? Here we plunge into a 
bucket of worms. 

There are two sides to the quality 
question in educational software- 
technical quality and pedagogy. 
Technical quality comes down to 
questions like these: 

• Does it run? 

• Is it easy to use? 

•Are the screens clear, easy to read, 
appropriately illustrated? 

• Is the branching logic correct? 

• Is the documentation complete, 
easy to use and correct? 

Pedagogy is somewhat stickier. 
Indeed, the issue of appropriate 
pedagogy is the Falkland Islands of 
education. One camp is looking for 
structured presentation of content, 
explicit instructional objectives, 
accountability and emphasis on basic 
skills. Another camp wants to create 
a rich environment of information 
and tools and leave the learning to the 
innate curiosity, creativity and "con- 
structionist" instincts of the child. 
This camp believes that children 
"construct" their own knowledge at 
their own pace out of their personal 
experiences with the physical and 
social environment. 

Clearly, your basic philosophy of 
education will influence your ap- 
proach to software development and 
evaluation. 



Lloyd R. Prentice is president of Prentice 
Associates, Inc., 46 St. Johns St., Boston, MA, a 
software development and consulting company. 



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Expands upon Macro I's linking capability (which is 
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How many times have you written the same subroutine 
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Many programmers give up on writing in assembly 
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Circle 18 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 33 



Circle 31 1 on Reader Service card. 










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34 Microcomputing, September 1982 



But there are more concrete dimen- 
sions of quality as well: 

• Does the content fit into the cur- 
ricular goals of the educator? 

• Is the presentation of content con- 
sistent with established learning 
principles? 

•Is the content factually correct? 
•Are the words properly spelled and 
the sentences grammatically correct? 

• Does the software motivate the 
kids? 

Unfortunately I have not had the 
pleasure of reviewing all 2000 + 
educational programs that turned up 
in our survey. But from what I've 
seen there is qualitative progress in at 
least two areas. First, there is a 
greater diversity of software in terms 
of both content and pedagogy. And, 
second, the best of recent releases re- 
flect both better use of the computer 
as a medium and more consideration 
of the user. Here are some notable 
developments and trends that I 
would submit to support my case. 

High on the list is the release of 
Logo for both the Apple and the 
Texas Instruments machines. Logo is 
a computer language developed at 
MIT. Its roots are in Lisp, artificial in- 
telligence and the child psychology of 
Jean Piaget. It's easy for youngsters to 
master and offers significant ex- 
pressive power. Versions of Logo for 
the Apple are available from Ter- 
rapin, Inc., Krell Software and Apple 
Computer Systems, Inc. Logo for the 
TI machine is available from Texas 
Instruments. Logo has inspired 
various other "turtle graphics" 
systems— Atari Pilot, and Tom 
Smith's Kidstuff are two examples. 
The availability of Logo provides a 
powerful alternative to the tutorial 
and drill-and-practice modes of 
computer-assisted instruction. 

Another trend is the reworking of 
drill-and-practice programs into ar- 
cade-game formats. Examples are 
Master Type from Lightning Soft- 
ware, the Arcademic series from De- 
velopmental Learning Materials, and 
Reston's Multiploy. Many of these 
programs are too martial for my taste, 
but kids eat them up. This develop- 
ment is important for two reasons. 
First, it reflects an attempt to under- 
stand and exploit the motivational 
value of the computer and, second, it 
requires producers to understand 
more fully the potential of the com- 
puter as an expressive medium. 

There is also a trend toward simu- 
lations. This encourages me for many 
of the reasons that I've already cited. 



The Search Series from McGraw-Hill 
is a hot property right now. The 
Search Series, developed by Tom 
Snyder of Massachusetts, helps teach 
social studies and problem-solving. A 
strong feature is that each program is 
designed to encourage group par- 
ticipation. 

The Search programs are im- 
pressive from the point of view of 
creative pedagogy, but they are less 
impressive technically. Take the 
technical legerdemain of the arcade 
games and mix it with Tom Snyder's 
structure and you'd have some learn- 
ing experience. In our survey we 
found an impressive number of sim- 
ulations in both the science and social 
science areas. 

Still another trend is the develop- 
ment of educational materials for the 
home. Most major publishers are 
eyeing this area carefully and a few, 
like Reader's Digest, are moving 
ahead with actual products. Educa- 
tional programs for the home market 
must have high entertainment value, 
must be technically flashier than 
their counterparts for the classroom 
and generally have less thorough doc- 
umentation and instructional man- 
agement. A lucrative home market 
increases the incentive for producing 
top-rate educational materials. 

The last trend, which is not as dra- 
matic as the others but is equally im- 
portant, is that the overall quality of 
educational packages from the point 
of view of packaging, documenta- 
tion, instructional management and 
user friendliness is on the rise. Two 
companies praised on these counts 
by educators I've talked with are 
Milliken Publishing and Hartley Soft- 
ware. When one publisher establish- 
es new benchmarks of quality in 
these areas, other publishers will 
have to meet or exceed them to re- 
main competitive. 

Last year (September 1981 Micro- 
computing, p. 86) I wrote that 
the educational software field is 
booming. Nothing has changed my 
mind. There are still problems- 
uneven quality, inadequate review- 
ing mechanisms, fragmentary offer- 
ings that fail to provide systematic 
coverage of a given curriculum area. 
Educators are still plagued with in- 
adequate hardware and the lack of 
standardization of graphics, disk for- 
mats and operating systems. And 
producers are still vexed by piracy. 
But in two years the field has come a 
long way. I see a most promising 
future. ■ 



Cj\ I want to start my own collection of Microcomputing 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 35 



Micros on Campus 



Will we plan for their arrival or be caught by surprise? 



By Thomas Wm. Madron 



Colleges and universities have not 
dealt well with computer tech- 
nology. Computer installations cost 
more than schools are accustomed to 
spending, so administrators are au- 
thorizing large sums of money for 
something they barely understand. 
This, combined with poor planning, 
has seriously inhibited effective use 
of microcomputers in the academic 
world. 

One problem is that the technology 
changes so rapidly. But you can fore- 
cast the rate of change well enough to 
do short- and medium-range planning. 

Failure to Plan 

Colleges and universities are buy- 
ing microcomputers with or without 
planning. The issue is: will they be 
used with a coherent policy or ne- 
glected? 

Poor planning, of course, leads to 
waste, duplication and inefficiency; 
most importantly, the micros are not 
available for general use. One well- 
known university, for example, found 
that it had acquired 350 computers, 
virtually none of which was accessi- 
ble to the college community. 

In such a situation microcomputers 
will be in the custody of those politi- 
cally astute enough to acquire them. 
Those who need them most may have 
no access at all. 

Computing in higher education, as 
elsewhere, is moving away from 
batch processing to on-line, interac- 
tive systems for both administrative 
and academic computing. Today we 
have available to us a greater variety 
of computing hardware and software 

36 Microcomputing, September 1982 



than ever before, and this variety is 
leading to much confusion. A plan- 
ning time-line should stipulate the 
distribution between batch process- 
ing and interactive processing now, 
what it is likely to be in one year and 
what it should be in five years. Inter- 
active computing itself can then be 
subdivided by asking what share 
should be processed by smaller decen- 
tralized systems (microcomputers). 

During the seventies the ' 'economy 
of scale" argument led to the use of 
very large, centralized systems. Econ- 
omy is now likely to lead us to decen- 
tralized, distributed and relatively 
specialized systems. It is at this point 
that microcomputers will come into 
their own in higher education. 

Focus on Software 

Too frequently, decision-makers 
have focused on hardware rather 
than on its functions. But the first 
step should be to identify the func- 
tions to be performed and how those 
functions can be performed most effi- 
ciently. 

In higher education we may come 
to different conclusions if we are 
dealing with academic computing as 
opposed to administrative comput- 
ing. There is, however, a role for mi- 
crocomputers on both sides of the 
fence. 

Some problems, of course, require 
computing resources that are simply 

beyond the capabilities of microcom- 
puters today: Problems that require 
large, reasonably fast, matrix solu- 
tions (necessitating large amounts of 
memory), or problems that require 



access to large data files, are examples. 
Sometimes, however, there can be 
cooperation between large and small 
computers, with small computers 
handling problems at the beginning 
or end of the process while large com- 
puters provide intermediate, large- 
scale processing. This implies that 
microcomputers on the college cam- 
pus should have communications ca- 
pabilities and access to centralized 
facilities. 

Some problems, on the other hand, 
can be handled directly by small 
computers. Planning, for example, 
using budget simulations, linear pro- 
gramming, Markov analysis and fore- 
casting tools, can often be done on 
microcomputers. Thus, a planning 
officer, currently doing computations 
by hand can be given inexpensive 
personal productivity tools not here- 
tofore available. 

Academically, obvious areas for 
applications include teaching pro- 
gramming languages, which, with a 
properly structured microcomputer 
laboratory, could be both more struc- 
tured and more individualized than is 
presently true. Likewise, computer- 
assisted instruction, resisted on large 
centralized systems because of the re- 
sources required, can be effective on 
small dedicated systems. Unfortu- 
nately, most labs are merely rooms 
full of microcomputers rather than 

Address correspondence to Dr. Thomas W. 
Madron, The Computing Center, North Texas 
State University, NT Box 13495, Denton, TX 
76203. 



Circle 78 on Reader Service card. 



centers of integrated technology. 

When using any computer system, 
and particularly when using micro- 
computers, we should first be con- 
cerned with the availability of soft- 
ware for the job, then seek hardware 
to run that software. It would also be 
well to limit the variety of hardware 
to those manufacturers that can pro- 
vide adequate service in a given lo- 
cale. We might deviate from such a 
rule when considering microcomput- 
ers for process control in laboratories 
and similar situations. 

Before deploying microcomputers, 
an institution should provide techni- 
cal support (both software and hard- 
ware) for the systems. This support 
need not be as extensive as it is when a 
microcomputer lab is part of a com- 
puter science department. At other 
times support may be a major prob- 
lem. I am familiar with no instance of 
a college or university realistically 
facing this issue, and it is exacerbated 
by individuals and departments ac- 
quiring computers through indepen- 
dent funding. Consequently, after 
spending large amounts of money, 
you may find that the micro has be- 
come a dust collector. 

One way around this is to establish 
multiple-microcomputer laboratories 
rather than spreading machines 
around in departmental, faculty or 
administrative offices. Early provi- 
sion of some machines for develop- 
ment purposes might reduce later 
problems. 

Microcomputers in a Distributed- 
Computing Environment 

If computers are to be used proper- 
ly, central planning and support is 
needed. This is especially true if the 
intent is to provide a distributed-com- 
puting environment that will require 
standardized software allowing com- 
puters to properly communicate with 
one another. While it is not easy to 
ensure that each microcomputer has 
appropriate communications soft- 
ware, it's not an overwhelming prob- 
lem. If a total computing system is be- 
ing developed, the system's compo- 
nents should be able to do their tasks 
and then send the results in manage- 
able form to the end user. 

Universities have, typically, not 
designed distributed-computing sys- 
tems. But the "economy of scale" ar- 
gument has less impact now than it 

once did. 

Moreover, timesharing is often a 
zero-sum game; that is, a resource I 
acquire is a resource not available to 



anyone else. This is especially true of 
either dedicated or dial-up ports. If I 
capture a port on a large system, that 
port is denied to someone else. Mi- 
crocomputers used in distributed sys- 
tems help avoid this problem. Rather, 
we establish a situation that maxi- 
mizes everyone's ability to use a total 
system. 

The Economy of Microcomputers 

Microcomputers can effectively be 
used to supplement timesharing sys- 
tems. A typical terminal work station 
for a large timesharing system in- 
cludes a cheap terminal, a port, part 
of a controller, system software and 
can cost some $7000. A complete mi- 
crocomputer work station. 

The implication is that, used appro- 
priately in a properly planned envi- 
ronment, microcomputers can lead 
to more effective use of all the com- 
puting resources available. Even if 
we do not choose to establish a dis- 
tributed-computing system, an inte- 
grated approach is still desirable. 
And in the small college where no 
large system is available, microcom- 
puters can provide an economic 
means for making some computing 
available. 

Conclusions 

When considering microcomput- 
ers, it is important that academic in- 
stitutions recognize them as tools 
with potential applications to all dis- 
ciplines. While computer-science and 
information-systems programs have 
special computing needs, academic 
computing facilities should not be de- 
ployed solely for the convenience of 
these professional programs. 

Higher education must confront 
microcomputers partly in self-de- 
fense. Microcomputers are now be- 
ing widely used in secondary schools 
throughout the United States. As a re- 
sult, the demand for quality instruc- 
tion using computing will be greater 
in the near future than in the past. 
Soon entering freshmen will have the 
technical competence and skill cur- 
rently imparted in introductory com- 
puter-science and/or information- 
systems courses. Those students will 
be demanding more than we can cur- 
rently deliver. We are in much the 
same situation as higher education 
must have been in during the first 
few years following Gutenberg's in- 
vention of the printing press. And we 
must plan for the changes that will 
take place with or without us. ■ 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 37 



Future Trends Take 
Shape at NCC 



Columnist Frank Derfler reports from the Lone Star state 
that micro systems are becoming more powerful, and designed 

for the microcomputerist on the move. 

By Frank J. Derfler, Jr. 




The Epson HX-20 portable microcomputer has a full-function keyboard, RAM and ROM, RS-232C inter- 
face and four-line by 20 character display screen packed into a box the size of this magazine. An optional 
microcassette recorder and printer can be contained within the same package. Internal batteries provide 
up to 50 hours of operation. The list price of the basic unit is $799. The CX-20 companion modem ($149} is 
battery operated and completely portable. 




Ijust returned from the National 
Computer Conference in Houston, 
Texas. The NCC is an annual event 
which combines the colors and 
sounds of a carnival with the sophisti- 
cation of high technology and big 
business. The event consumed the 
convention facilities of the Astro- 
dome and every hotel room r rental 
car and taxi in Houston for a week. 

NCC used to be a show only for 
'big" computers. The lines between 
'big" mainframe, mini, and "small" 
microcomputers have now become 
so blurred that the distinctions hardly 
seem to apply anymore. Many indi- 
vidual exhibitors at NCC still don't 
understand the smaller systems and 
were uncomfortable with the amount 
of display space devoted to them. 
Emotions ranging from uneasiness to 
hostility were evident in the com- 
ments and sales pitches coming from 
several booths. 

Other companies, such as Digital 
Equipment Corporation, now feature 
computer systems at nearly every 
level of power and understand how 
they relate. The DEC booth was one 
of the most popular at the show. 

I think three main themes ran 
through the NCC exhibits that will be 
interesting to Microcomputing read- 
ers: more-portable equipment, much 
greater disk storage capability, and 
the integration of 16-bit and eight-bit 
processors. An interesting sub-theme 
was the impact of the IBM PC. 



The Panasonic Hand Held Computer as it was displayed at the NCC. The modem, television video 
adapter, extra memory, and printer are all plugged together in building block fashion. The entire unit can 
be carried in a briefcase. 

38 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Frank J. Derfler (PO Box 691, Herndon, VA 
22070} writes the monthly Dial-Up Directory col- 
umn for Microcomputing. 



Carry It Away 

We are going to have smaller, 
lighter and more-portable computers 
and equipment. Several years ago I 
wrote that Americans love their 
mobility too much to be tied down to 
fixed computer systems. I described 
what I called the Limitation of Loca- 
tion. I must admit that at the time I 
thought automobile manufacturers 
might offer a multifunction (includ- 
ing games, appointment calendar and 
maybe graphic map displays) dash- 
board computer as an option to car 
buyers. The new wave of systems I 
saw at NCC is not tied to the automo- 
bile. These systems don't have to be 
tied to anything! 

The Epson HX-20 

The Epson HX-20 is almost exactly 
the size of this page of Microcomput- 
ing. It is 1.75 inches high and weighs 
less than four pounds. Into that pack- 
age, Epson packs a full-size full- 
stroke keyboard, a four-line by 
20-character liquid crystal display, 
16K of RAM and 32K of ROM, cas- 
sette and cartridge interfaces and an 
RS-232C port for communications. 
(Oh yes, there's a CMOS 6301 micro- 
processor in there somewhere too.) 
In the same package, you can option- 
ally add a 24-column impact printer, 
a microcassette for saving and load- 
ing programs, and 16K more RAM 
plus 32K more ROM. 

The 20-character screen does not 
limit the size of the line that can be 
created. The screen moves around in- 
side of the document so full word 
processing and programming capa- 
bilities are available. The screen dis- 
plays uppercase, lowercase and 
graphic characters. 

The keyboard has 68 keys which 
can generate the entire ASCII set in- 
cluding control codes. It also can 
generate 32 special graphic charac- 
ters. It has five programmable spe- 
cial-function keys and even a phan- 
tom numeric keypad. Under a key- 
board control, the U,I,0 J,K,L and M 
keys become a numeric entry pad for 
fast entry of statistical data. 

Because the system uses low power 
CMOS technology, its four internal 
batteries can keep it running for up to 
50 hours of operation. Heavy opera- 
tion of the RS-232C interface and the 
motors on the printer and recorder 
may reduce the time between 
charges. 

Obviously I was taken with the fea- 
tures of the HX-20, but there were 




The Pocketerm is distributed by Charles Schwab & Co., best known as a firm of discount brokers. It is a 
portable terminal with a built-in modem. It provides either 110 or 300 baud communications service, and 
retails for about $400. 




The Telecomputing System from iXO is a portable terminal with a built-in modem and auto-dialing 
capability. The keys identified as yes, no, don't know and help send specific multicharacter strings 
which speed the use of data and information services. 



two items that really sold me. The 
first was the portable, battery- 
operated modem that is available as 
an accessory for about $149. The sec- 
ond was the list price of the HX-20 
itself-$799. 

The HX-20 has the potential for 
becoming a portable workhorse. It 
has a practical keyboard and useful 
interfaces. I wish the screen window 
were wider than 20 characters, but 
the characters are large and legible. 
Time will tell if the screen width 
becomes a limiting factor in market- 
ing the HX-20, but I don't think 
it will. 

Panasonic HHC 

The Epson HX-20 was not the only 



interesting machine in a small 
package. Panasonic was displaying a 
small, flexible and expandable 
system called the Link Hand Held 
Computer (HHC). The basic Pana- 
sonic HHC comes with a 6502 pro- 
cessor, up to 8K bytes of RAM and a 
single-line 26-character liquid crys- 
tal display, in a package about half 
the size of this page. It has 65 
keys on its calculator-type keyboard. 
At first the HHC appears to be a 
limited "pocket" computer, but the 
features that set the Link apart are 
its expansion and communications 
capabilities. 

The HHC expansion modules plug 

into the basic machine in building 

block fashion. The expansion 

Microcomputing, September 1982 39 



Circle 77 on Reader Service card. 



Main/Frames 





Microcomputing, September 1982 



Four optional peripherals are available for the iXO telecomputing system: a dot matrix printer, a video in- 
terface that provides a 32-character by 16-line display on a television set or monitor, an RS-232C interface 
and an acoustic coupler. 



and precise line definition and place- 
ment. The plotter is about 9x3x4 
inches and weighs 12 ounces. 

Panasonic has several communica- 
tions programs for the HHC. These 
software packages come in small 
ROM modules which plug into the 
bottom of the machine. Telecom- 
puting 1 turns the HHC into a dumb 
terminal with full ASCII transmission 
capability. Telecomputing 2 lets you 
transfer files between two HHCs 
or between an HHC and host com- 
puter system. 

The Panasonic HHC line is not low 
priced and the options can add up 
quickly. The basic 8K Panasonic 
HHC has a list price of $480. The 
modem with cassette interface lists 
for $300. You should note, however, 
that the modems interface directly 
with the CPU bus, so the optional RS- 
232C serial port is not needed. A 
16K RAM expansion costs $350 and 
the Telecomputing 2 cartridge sells 
for $39.95. 

The entire HHC with all options 
becomes a very powerful system. 
The two major limitations are the size 
of the keyboard and the single line 
display. I will comment more on 
these limitations later because they 
are shared by two other new com- 
munications devices. 

Two Pocket Terminals 

It is apparent that the people at 




Non-Linear Systems, Inc. introduced double-den- 
sity disks as a standard feature of its Kaycomp II 
portable microcomputer system. They claim to 
have generated $7 million in sales in the first five 
weeks. The Kaycomp II operates under CP/M and 
sells at local dealers for $1795. 

modules include two different 
modems for communications (with 
and without cassette interface), two 
different thermal printers (40 and 15 
columns), a TV adapter that feeds a 
modulated rf signal to a television set, 
cassette storage, more RAM, pro- 
grammed ROM cartridges and even 
an attache case to carry the complete 
system. The system can connect 
directly to an impressive four-color 
plotter with full paper movement 





Disks continue to become smaller and more dense. 
Several three-inch and 3V2-inch drives are 
available that pack nearly 500K bytes onto one 
side of a disk. While the 5*6 -inch drives take up 
more room, they also pack more data onto each 
disk. Mitsubishi's low-profile 5 l A-inch drive can 
put 800K of data on each side of the disk. That can 
put 3.2 megabytes of data into each slot of a cur- 
rently available machine using full size drives. 



both Charles Schwab & Co. and iXO, 
Inc. believe the age of the pocket ter- 
minal has arrived. They have each ar- 
rived at slightly different solutions to 
the problem of how to balance fea- 
tures and price. 

Pocketerm One is a small and 
relatively low cost pocket terminal 
being distributed by Charles Schwab 
& Co., Inc., 1 Second St., San Fran- 
cisco, CA 94105. That company is a 
very large discount brokerage firm 
handling securities for clients 
throughout the country. Obviously, 
they see applications in the areas of 
business and investments. 

Pocketerm is initially being 
marketed only to corporate pur- 
chasers. It is expected to be available 
to individuals at a suggested retail 
price of $399 later this year. An op- 
tional printer will be available for 
$250 and a television set adapter 
is planned. 

The iXO Telecomputing System is 
a pocket terminal and operating sup- 
port system marketed by iXO, Inc., 
6041 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, 
CA 90230. The hardware portion of 
the system is a pocket terminal with 
many user-friendly features. The 
total service includes a unique and in- 
dividually tailored automatic termi- 
nal programming service provided 
by iXO. 

The iXO system approach makes 
the terminal meet the needs of each 
individual. The company maintains 
an Access Center for Telecomputing 
System users. Each user is supposed 
to call this Access Center when the 



device is first' activated. The center 
will ask the user about the systems to 
be used with the pocket terminal; it 
will then download the appropriate 
log-on protocols and operation pa- 
rameters into the nonvolatile RAM 



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of the telecomputing system. After 
that, the user will only have to push 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 41 




This is the new Sony SMC-70 microcomputer that was released at the National Computer Conference in 
Houston. In this photo, two 3V 2 -inch microfloppy disk drives and an expansion module have been 
mounted on the basic computer. The SMC-70 is a Z-80A microcomputer with 64K of RAM. Standard in- 
terfaces include a Centronics parallel printer port, an RS-232C serial port, RGB color and black and 
white composite video, light pen port, key pad interface and tape cassette I/O. In this configuration, with 
the disks, the unit would sell for about $2600. 




This is a typical business configuration of the SMC- 70. A dot matrix printer, numeric keypad, monitor and 
3'/ 2 -inch floppy disk drives have been added to the basic computer. The Sony green screen monitor sells for 
$375. A color monitor capable of accepting either RGB or composite video sells for $895. The monitor 
stand is another $60. 



loaded with special commands often 
needed to interact with a time- 
sharing system. These include help, 
yes, no, go back and others. The yes 
and no keys, for instance, send either 
the letter Y or N and a carriage re- 
turn. This allows quick single-key re- 
sponse to the menu questions asked 
by many host systems. 

The iXO system is also being mar- 
keted first to large corporate users. 

42 Microcomputing, September 1982 



While no single-quantity list price 
was given, a thumbnail escalation of 
the wholesale price says that it 
should list for about $500 in single 
quantities. 

It's interesting to compare the iXO 
and Pocketerm systems to see the dif- 
ferences in both hardware and con- 
cept. Both devices are about the same 
size. Both display a single line of 16 
characters. The Pocketerm uses a 



green fluorescent display, while the 
iXO uses liquid crystal. 

Both devices include a modem 
that attaches to the telephone line 
through a modular plug. The iXO 
will actually dial the telephone line 
using either pulse or tone dialing 
when the phone button is pushed. 
The Pocketerm has 43 keys, the iXO 
has 61. They both use the standard 
QWERTY configuration. Neither 
device has a full-stroke keyboard. 

Both the iXO and Schwab systems 
have options such as printers and 
acoustic couplers available. Both 
have, or will have, video adapters. 
They both have a buffer which holds 
received data and which can be 
reviewed on command. The Pock- 
eterm holds 224 characters, the iXO 
holds 80. 

There is an interesting difference 
in how the two systems are pow- 
ered. The Schwab terminal uses re- 
chargeable nicad batteries good for 
about one hour of operation. It can 
also operate from an ac recharger/ 
adapter. The iXO uses a Polaroid 
Polarpulse battery to keep the pro- 
grammable memory alive when the 
system is not being used. During use, 
it takes its operating power from the 
telephone line if it is not working 
through an acoustic coupler. 

The iXO has other features such as 
data security that would be of 
specific interest to corporate users. In 
common use, the major differences 
between the units are in the quality 
of external finish (the iXO is certainly 
prettier), the display, and the auto- 
dial and auto log-on capability of the 
iXO. The user will have to decide if 
those differences are worth the dif- 
ference in price. 

Small Displays and Big Fingers 

These two very well financed cor- 
porations have decided that there is a 
big market for pocket terminals, and 
they have independently produced 
products with more similarities than 
differences. Yet both of these ter- 
minals have significant limitations in 
their operation. The greatest limita- 
tion is in the size of the display. 

All of the pocket systems use dis- 
plays that scroll, marquee style, from 
right to left. At 300 baud, this scroll- 
ing is simply too fast for comfortable 
reading with good retention. The ter- 
minals can operate at 110 baud, but 
this results in slow service and high 
bills for service and connect charges. 

I have used these pocket terminals 
on information utilities I know very 



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Lobo Drives International introduced their 
MAX-80 Computer System at NCC. This is a par- 
ticularly interesting system because it will run both 
TRS-80 and CP/M software. TRS-80 software is 
run under LDOS, a TRSDOS-compatible operat- 
ing system. The basic computer with 64K of RAM, 
flexible video display (24 lines by 80 characters or 
TRS-80 16 x 64 and 16 x 32 plus graphics), two 
serial ports and a parallel port, and a disk con- 
troller will list for $800. The drives and monitor 
must be added. Lobo also introduced new systems 
such as eight-inch drives and a controller board for 
the IBM PC. Contact Lobo Drives International, 
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well (both Source and CompuServe) 
and I still find them hard to use. A 
CompuServe menu that makes sense 



on a CRT is nearly incomprehensible 
when it is scrolled out along one line. 

Where these pocket terminals are 
really used for communications, 
they're usually attached to television 
sets providing a 16-line display. If a 
larger display is honestly needed for 
good communications, why not in- 
clude it in a slightly larger case in the 
first place? 

Similarly, I consider these to be 
almost one-way communications de- 
vices. If I am on the road, I want to be 
able to send memos, letters and elec- 
tronic mail back to my office. The 
keyboards of these pocket devices 
are quite frustrating to use. Entering 
words and sentences is very slow and 
prone to error. While some distribu- 
tors have recognized this, and have 
limited the needed keystrokes, I'd 
rather see an honest and usable key- 
board in a slightly bigger box. 

I will swim against the tide and pre- 
dict that, while the pocket terminals 
like the iXO and Pocketerm will have 
initial success because of their nov- 
elty and strong marketing push, in 
the long term real portable terminals 
for business executives, traveling 
salespeople and investors will have 
displays of at least four lines, full size 



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view and preparation. Epson, Sony 
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almost there now. 

Dense Disks 

I said that I had found three themes 
in the displays at NCC, but so far I 
have only dealt with portability. 
Another trend that will have a data 
communications spin-off is the in- 
creasing variety of disk sizes and den- 
sity. The 3 L /2-inch disks introduced 
by Sony last year have been joined by 
a number of smaller and more dense 
offerings from different companies. 

At least two other different 3-inch 
formats are coming from Japan, and 
Sinclair may be bringing another 




44 Microcomputing, September 1982 



The informal NCC grapevine in the food, registra- 
tion and transportation lines judged the Victor 
9000 to be the best integrated 16-bit business 
system shown at the National Computer Confer- 
ence. Victor Business Products is an American 
company that has been selling business machines 
for several decades. They have 50 branches and 
250 authorized dealers throughout the country. 
This machine uses an 8088 CPU, with room to in- 
crease memory up to 768K. The disks can put over 
600K of formatted data on each side. Each 
machine comes with two serial and two parallel 
ports. The CRT features tilt and swivel movement 
with an anti-glare screen. The Victor 9000 is sup- 
plied with both MS DOS and CP/M-86. A unique 
feature of the Victor 9000 is a standard analog 
coder and decoder aimed primarily at digitizing 
and reconstructing the human voice. They state 
that this will be a very important feature in 
business machines of the future and I certainly 
agree. But I am surprised that they do not yet pro- 
vide color graphics as an option. I believe that 
color will be just as important as voice recognition 
and voice synthesis in the future office environ- 
ment. The Victor 9000, with all of these standard 
features and dual-sided disk drives (2.4 megabytes 
of storage!) is priced at $5895. Contact Victor 
Business Products, 3900 North Rockwell St., 
Chicago, IL 60618. 



Circle 302 on Reader Service card. 



from England. The Sony 3 l /2-inch 
drive can record 437. 5K bytes of 
information (unformatted) on each 
side of the disk. This gives the user 
nearly a megabyte of storage in a very 
small package. 

The old reliable SVi-inch drives 
aren't what they used to be either. 
Mitsubishi has introduced a drive that 
can record 800K on one side of a disk. 
That means that a double-headed 5V4- 
inch drive can have over 1.6 mega- 
bytes of unformatted storage capac- 
ity. Several disk manufacturers have 
already introduced media certified 
for the Mitsubishi system. 

The combination of high-density 
disks and the trend toward bigger 
RAMs makes me wonder if the trend 
toward hard disks will continue. The 
hard disks give an advantage in speed, 
but their mechanical and operational 
problems can be very great. A high- 
density disk and large RAM may 
become a better and more reliable 
combination in many applications. 

My forecast calls for ever-increas- 
ing capabilities in the density of small 
drives. This means we will have an 
even greater hodgepodge of formats 
with no standards in sight. There are 
two practical ways to meet this prob- 




The Compass Computer, a new management 
workstation from Grid Systems, provides decision- 
makers with ready access to internal and external 
databases. It includes an extensive array of soft- 
ware, nonvolatile bubble memory, a built-in 
modem, flat-panel bit-mapped graphics and char- 
acter display— all in a 9 l A-pound package small 
enough to fit, with room to spare, in a briefcase. 

lem. The first is some practical read- 
only standard or capability. Adam 
Osborne told me that by the time this 
article is in print the latest Osborne 
OS l's will have the capability to read 



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Circle 284 on Reader Service card. 



NOW— A COMPLETE CP/M PASCAL— FOR ONLY 




Goodbye BASIC, PL/1, COBOL— hello PASCAL! Now, to make this 
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• Advanced assembler interface. • 

THIS IS THE SAME SYSTEM WE SOLD FOR $295! 

So how can we make this offer?— why the unbelievable deal? 
Very simply, we think all software is overpriced. We want to build 
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so we're passing the savings on to you. 

AND AT NO RISK! 

When you receive JRT Pascal, look it over, check it out. 
We invite you to compare it with other systems costing ten times 
as much. If you're not completely satisfied, return the system— with 
the sealed diskette unopened— within 30 days and your money will 
be refunded in full! THAT'S RIGHT-COMPLETE SATISFACTION 



GUARANTEED OR YOUR MONEY BACK! 

In addition, if you want to copy the diskette or manual— so long 
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BUT ACT TODAY— DON'T DELAY ENJOYING PASCALS 
ADVANTAGES— AT $29.95, THERE'S NO REASON TO WAIT! 



n 



To: JRT Systems 

1891 -23rd Avenue 

San Francisco, CA 94122 



flflSO\L 



O.K. You've sold me— I can't resist your unbelievable offer. Send me 
JRT Pascal by return mail. I understand that if I'm not completely 
satisfied, I can return it within 30 days— with the sealed diskette 
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(Shipping outside North America. $6 CA residents add sales tax.) 



Card # 



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■CP/M is a Digital Research trademark 



A 52K CP M system is required 



Microcomputing, September 1982 45 



Circle 393 on Reader Service card. 



3» 



CP/M 



EPROM PROGRAMMING SYSTEM RUNS UNDER CP M 



COMMAN 



-PROGRAM EPROM(S) FROM DISK FILE 
-PROGRAM EPROM FROM RAM 
-READ DISK FILE INTO RAM' 



-COMPARE EPROM W RAM 



IMMARY 



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SCitNfjftC *25 
SOFTWARE 




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For descriptions and prices, write or call 
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•CP/M is a Trademark of Digirel Research. 



Circle 1 72 on Reader Service card. 



MEMOREX 

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93401 InCal. call 
(800)592-5935 or 
(805)543-1037 



46 Microcomputing, September 1982 



The Vector 8/16-bit microcomputer allows present and future software compatibility. The new Vector 4 
offers a choice of several popular operating systems, and calls on 16-bit commands to significantly speed 
up selected eight-bit operations. Vector 4 is a product of Vector Graphic, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA. 



every 5V4-inch soft-sectored byte- 
oriented disk with a density under 
200K. That includes the disks for a lot 
of systems, but it still doesn't come 
close to covering them all. 

The second way to meet the prob- 
lem of disk portability is through data 
communications. The RS-232C serial 
data communications port is still the 
most standardized mass input and 
output channel available. Data can be 
transferred and captured in any for- 
mat, density and medium. The more 
different kinds of disks we get, the 
more we need to communicate. 



Circle 132 on Reader Service card. 

68' MICRO 
JOURNAL n, 

6800-6809-68000 

• The only ALL 68XX Computer Magazine 

USA 

1 YR.-S24.50 2 Yr.-$42.50 3 Yr.-$64.50 

•Foreign Surface Add $12 Yr. to USA Price 

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OK, PLEASE ENTER MY 

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68 Micro Journal 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hixson, TN 37343 



8/16 Bit CPUs 

Everybody is getting ready for 16 
bits, but some manufacturers wisely 
don't want to leave the eight-bit soft- 
ware behind. The new Sony SMC-70, 
shown in the photos, features a Z-80A 
CPU. But the system can, in Sony's 
words, be "supercharged" with an 
optional 8086 16-bit processor. 

A very impressive machine from 
Digital Equipment Corporation is 
called the Rainbow 100. It comes 
standard with both a Z-80 and an 
8088 processor in a dual CPU config- 
uration. This dual processor can run 
the CP/M-80 (eight-bit), MS DOS 
(directly related to PC DOS) and 
CP/M-86 (16-bit) operating systems. 
The unique single-spindle, but two- 
slotted drives can stuff 800K bytes 
onto two disks. The Rainbow 100 has 
a color video option. Fully con- 
figured, it has more disk storage, and 
a lower price, than the IBM PC. 

Similarly, North Star displayed a 
version of their Advantage micro- 
computer which also combines the 
Z-80 and 8088 microprocessors. Not 
many details were available, but I 
was assured it could read IBM PC 
disks and use both eight- and 16-bit 
operating systems. 

Many other interesting and innova- 
tive systems were shown at NCC. 
The pace of the growth and change in 
the area of microcomputers con- 
tinues to increase. I'll try to keep up.B 



Circle 346 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 216 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 90 on Reader Service card. 



DATA COMMUNICATIONS 

Specialists for 
IBM PC & SEATTLE 

COMPUTERS 
Teleprocessing software available for above 
computers to time-sharing hosts or between two 
users (send binary files, also). Version 2 software, 
$60; Version 3, $160. Write for details or $3.00 for 
manuals. 

SEATTLE computer hardware and Microsoft MS- 
DOS*, Pascal, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL. 
SPECIAL PRICE for SEATTLE SYSTEM 2 
+ 4-port serial board + cables + choice of 
Microsoft BASIC (both interpreter & compiler), 
Pascal, or FORTRAN. Write or call for quote. 

MITS disk owners, don't throw away your drives. 
Try out the 8086 world with SEATTLE 8086 CPU 
board set. Special offer of $750 for two-board 
CPU set + MS-DOS* + Microsoft MACRO-86 
and utilities. (Mits I/O drivers included and ready 
to boot). Write for spec sheet. 

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L-OL-Ol PcONSULTING SERVICES 

P.O. BOX 5351 
TERRE HAUTE, IN 47805 

(812)466-4111 

'TRADEMARK of microsoft, inc. 



H89/Z89 USER 

The M89 is an I/O expansion box 
for the H89/Z89 computer, please 
call or write us for more details. 




Microflash Co. 
4916 B Carol St. 
Skokie. III. 60077 

(312)677-4928 



CDMPuCQUErY 





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Dealer Inquiries Invited 



CompuCover 

P.O. Box 324 Dept. A 

Mary Esther, FL 32569 




Customer 

Service 

(904) 243-5793 



CALL TOLL FREE 



Circle 252 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 102 on Reader Service card 



VOLTAGE SURGE & 
TRANSIENT SUPPRESSOR 




Protects 
Most 
Electronic 
Equipment 

The SUPPRESSOR electronically removes 
or reduces sudden voltage changes. It 
simply plugs into a power receptacle on 
the same circuit as the equipment being 
protected. 

END POWER LINE SPIKES, SURGES, 
HASH... Only $29.95 ea. Dealer Inquiries 
Invited. 



S 



CUESTA SYSTEMS, INC. 

3440 Roberro Courr 

Son Luis Obispo, California 93401 

(605) 541-4160 



Call \Ji 
Last For Thel 
Best Price 



1-800-762-6661 



RAND'S 

2185 E. FRY BLVD. 

and 

101 W. FRY BLVD. 

SIERRA VISTA, AZ 85635 



Circle 158 on Reader Service card. 



VOICE 
SYNTHESIZER 

WITH INTERACTIVE 
TELEPHONE INTERFACE 



For APPLE II" compatible dial-up voice response 
and remote data-base access arrangements, con- 
sider a V1 00 series design from VYNETCORPO- 
RATION. 

• Direct connect, auto-dial/answer 

• Control via Touch-Tone" detection 

• Allophone (LPC) based voice synthesizer 

• Includes 1,000 word vocabulary 

• Editor for custom vocabulary 

• Extensive application software 

• Programmable buffered port 

• Upgrade available for high quality LPC 
vocabulary 

• $395.00 

Telephone interface may be purchased without 
synthesizer TRS-80 " and IBM versions available 
soon. 

wkoeit 

2405 QUME DRIVE 
SAN JOSE, CA 95131 
(408) 942-1037 



Circle 79 on Reader Service card. 



AUTHORIZED TRS 80^ DEALER #R491 





26-1062 

Model III 16K RAM 
Model III, BASIC 







26 - 4002 

Model II, 64K 



TRS-80 Color Computer With 
Extended Color BASIC 

$81 5.00 

WE ACCEPT CHECK, MONEY ORDER, OR PHONE ORDERS WITH VISA OR MASTERCARD. SHIPPING 
COSTS WILL BE ADDED TO CHARGE ORDERS. DISK DRIVES, PRINTERS, PERIPHERALS, AND SOFT- 
WARE -YOU NAME IT, WE'VE GOT IT. WRITE OR CALL FOR OUR COMPLETE PRICE LIST. 

C& S ELECTRONICS, LTD. 32 EAST MAIN ST. MILAN, MICH. 48160 

(313)439-1508 (313)439-1400 

C & S ELECTRONICS MART IS AN AUTHORIZED TRS 80 SALES CENTER STORE #R491 



Microcomputing, September 1982 47 



A 




9 4 ""■ L Y i W k 



^■te 





Building a reputation 

for quality printers 

of astronomical value, 

from components on up. 




Making a name for 
ourselves in printers is 
only natural when we've 
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although Star's reputa- 
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the watch and camera 
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have been relying on 
Star components for 
i nearly 3 decades. 
Quality manufactur- 
ing is what we're building 
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And the best prod- 
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MAKING A NAME FOR OURSELVES 

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Circle 361 on Reader Service card. 



Atari in Wonderland 



Double the RAM 
in your Atari 400, 
and slip through 
the looking glass 
with Alice. 



Atari was beginning to get very tired 
of sitting by her monitor on the table, 
and of having nothing to do; once or 
twice she peeped at the TV screen, but it 
had only pictures on it, "and what's the 
use of a monitor, " thought Atari, "with- 
out programs or graphics?" 

So, she was considering in her own 
MPU (as well as she could, for the 
blackboard mode made her feel very 
sleepy and stupid) whether the pleasure 
of making a program chain would be 
worth the trouble of turning on the 410 
and loading a program, when suddenly 
a white rabbit with digital eyes ran close 
by her. 

There was nothing so very remark- 
able in that, nor did Atari think it so 
very much out of the way to hear the 
Rabbit say to itself, "Oh dear! Oh dear! 
I shall be $28!" (When she thought it 
over it occurred to her she ought to have 
wondered at this, but at the time it all 
seemed quite natural.) But when the 
Rabbit actually took a real-time clock 
out of its waistcoat pocket, and looked 
at it, and then hurried on, Atari started 
to a SysRes, for it flashed across her 
MPU that she had never before seen a 
rabbit with a real-time clock or a waist- 
coat pocket to take it out of. And, rush- 
ing into Basic, she ran across initial- 
ization after it, and was just in time to 
see it pop down a large program under 



Address correspondence to Dietmar C. May, 9704 
Williamsburg Court, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772. 



By Dietmar May 




the hedge. 

In another moment, down went Atari 
after it, never once considering how in 
the world she was to get out again. 

The program went straight on like a 
tunnel for some way, then gosubed sud- 
denly down, so suddenly that Atari had 
not a moment to process a stop before 
she found herself falling down what 
seemed to be a very large subroutine. 

Either the subroutine was very long, 
or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty 
of time as she went down to peek about 
her and to wonder what was going to 
happen next. First she tried to peek 
down and make out what she was com- 
ing to, but it was too dark to see any- 
thing; then she peeked at the elements of 
the memory, and saw they were arrays 
and strings; here and there she saw 
memory maps and graphics. She took 
down a var from one of the elements as 
she went past; it was labeled "orange 
marmalade," but to her great disap- 
pointment it was empty. She didn't want 
to drop the var for fear of destroying 
another beneath, so she put it to the S: 
as she fell past. 

Down, down down. Would the fall 
never come to an end? "I wonder how 
many instructions I've fallen by?" she 
beeped aloud. "I must be getting 



somewhere near the end of my 
memor. . . " CRASH!! And there the 
program stopped with an ERROR 2 IN 
LINE 574. Poor Atari could never see 
Wonderland with only 8K bytes of 
memory. 

Ihave an Atari 400 and have spent 
many enjoyable hours program- 
ming it— especially learning about 
the graphics. It is a well-designed ma- 
chine, and, for the money, I'm really 
glad I didn't buy another (incompar- 
able) machine. 

All of the 400 units produced after 
March 1981 have been shipped with 
16K boards. However, many were 
produced before that date with only 
8K of RAM, severely limiting the pro- 
gramming you can do on them. Atari 
recognized this and provides a fac- 
tory upgrade that consists of replace- 
ment of the 8K board with a 16K 
board. This upgrade costs $100. And 
as this is a little too high for many 
budgets (after all you bought a 400 in- 
stead of an 800), there are surely 
many of you who are still trying to get 
by on only 8K. This article describes 
an inexpensive ($30 or less) upgrade 
in which the 8K board is modified in- 
to a 16K board. 



50 Microcomputing, September 1982 



The memory board is 3 by 6 inches, 
and has a standard 44-pin edge con- 
nector with .156 inch spacing. The 
signals on this connector are shown 
in Table 1 . Although the address lines 
appear to be scrambled, notice that 
multiplexed signals are next to each 
other, \V\a\ \s, \he 4108/4116 memory 
chips have only seven address pins, 
and yet use 14 address lines to decode 
16K. This apparent discrepancy is 
handled by multiplexing: by connect- 
ing first the seven lowest address 
lines to the memory chip and strob- 
ing an internal latch, and then the 
next seven address lines. Those ad- 
dresses which are multiplexed are, 
for the most part, next to each other 
on the edge connector., This was un- 
doubtedly done to simplify PC board 
layout. 

R/W Early is used to disable read 

buffers during a write operation. (See 
Fig. 4.) Ref also disables the read 
buffers during a refresh cycle while 
the ANTIC chip does a pseudo-read 
(strobes the row address latch RAS 
while addressing the memory prop- 
erly). S0-S3 are chip select signals 
which decode on 8K boundaries. This 
means that 32K bytes are decodable 
on the memory board. Companies 
that offer 32K boards use all these sig- 
nals to decode the memory; the 16K 
board uses the first two, while the 8K 
board uses only SO. 



1 DO 

2 D2 

3 D3 

4 D7 

5 A0 

6 A7 

7 Al 

8 A8 

9 A5 

10 A3 

11 A10 

12 A6_ 

13 R/W Late 

14 02 

15 RASTime 

16 R/W Early 

17 REF 



A 


Dl 


B 


D4 


C 


D5 


D 


D6 


E 


A2 


F 


A9 


H 


A13 


J 


A4 


K 


All 


L 


A12 


M 


* 


N 


* 


P 


* |S3 


R 


* 


S 


* ( S2 


T 


* 


U 


SEL1 


V 




W 


Vcc 


X 


Vbb 


Y 


Vdd 


Z 


Vss 



400) 
400) 



18 SEL0 

19 Vcc 

20 Vbb 

21 Vdd 

22 Vss 



*Note: the 800 uses these pins to shunt the 
S2-S5 lines between memory boards; this 
indicates to each board how much memory 
the previous board has. 

Table 1. Memory board edge connector pinouts. 



The 4108s and the 5298s used by 
Atari are 8K by one-bit memory 
chips— eight chips are required for 
8K bytes of memory. Actually, they 
are 16K by one-bit rejects sold by the 
IC manufacturer, in which the lower 
half of memory tested good, but the 
upper half had errors, or vice versa. 
Rather than throwing these away, 
they're sold by the manufacturer as 
8K chips with the stipulation that one 
address bit (usually A13) is always 
held low or high. The resistor-jumper 
network found in the center of the 
board is used to select which line is 
held high or low (the 4108s and 5298s 
have different bad memory pins— see 
Table 2). 



If you have 4108-xOs, you may 
wish to try this: perform the modifi- 
cations as listed below, but instead of 
replacing the 4108s, reuse them. De- 
pending on where the defective bits 
are located, you may gain 1, 2 or even 
4K bytes of RAM. Run the following 
program to locate the beginning of 
the defective RAM region: 

10 FOR Z= 1 TO 4: READ D 

20 FOR X = 8192 TO PEEK(742)*256 + 

PEEK(741):POKE X r D: IF PEEK(X) 

< >D THEN? X,D 
30 NEXT X:NEXT D:DATA 0,95,165,255: 

REM DATA IS $0,$5A,$A5,$FF TESTS 

ALL BITS 

This will give a list of all defective 



-cz> 



A302 
ANTIC 



r~\ 



llii 



TTTY 










A30I 
A302 
A303 

Z30I 
Z302 
Z303 
Z304 



COI2295 
C0I2296 
C0I4377 



C0I43II 
C0I43I3 
C0I43I3 



CT1A 

ANTIC 

6502 

74LS02 
7474 
74LS244 
74LS244 



Fig. 1. Atari 400 CPU board layout. 



> 



HZZ> 



-C 



> 



HZZ> 



-CZZD- 



<ZZh H=r- 



/ 1 


Z5I2 
8KX| 




Z5I 1 




Z5I0 


r 


Z509 




Z508 
8Kx 1 




Z507 




Z506 




Z505 
8KX 1 



C0I2987 



o 





c o-f_ 

BO 


o 


A O 


° 1 




• 


~ Z503 _ 
° 158 ° 





-C=h 



Z50I 
Z502 

Z503. Z504 
Z505-Z5I2 



74LSI0 

74LS244 

74LSI58 

MM5298B 

MM5298A 

MK4I08-X0 

MK4I08-X I 



Fig. 2. Memory board layout. 

Microcomputing, September 1982 51 







o 
in 



-r~ 


h 




H 


h 




-\ 


h 




-C 


h 




i_ 


h 


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memory locations in user memory 
(does not include display area). 
MEMTOP and OSMEMTOP must be 
poked with new values so they don't 
point above defective RAM. I haven't 
tried this (my RAM is 4108-21), but I 
would be interested in the results of 
anyone who does try. 

Modification Description 

There are only two main functional 
modifications that will be made: A13 
will be brought onto the board from 
the bus, and SI will be connected to 
the decode circuitry. Also, jumpers 
for the 800 decoding will be changed. 

The first thing needed for the 8K to 
16K conversion is a set of eight 4116 
memory chips. These will be used to 
replace the 4108s. Also required are a 



soldering iron and solder, an x-acto 
knife, and about six inches of Kynar 
coated wire-wrap wire. Other wire 
can be used, but the insulation on 
this kind is extremely heat resistant, 
and it's less likely to curl away from 
the solder joint while heating. 

WARNING: This modification will 
void your warranty: don't proceed 
unless it has expired. Also note that 
Atari is unable to repair modified 
boards. 

Disassembly 

Disconnect the power supply from 
the Atari and remove the cartridge. 
Turn the unit over to expose the 
cover screws. Remove them, then lift 
the bottom off the unit, taking care 
not to strain the video cable. Now 



Ata. part no. 

CO 14366 
C014365 
C014363 
CO 14364 



Mfr. part no. 

MM5298B 
MM5298A 
MK4108-*0 
MK4108- *1 



A B C D E F 

x x 

X X 

X X 

X X 



where * is the access time x 100 ns 

Table 2. Resistor jumper truth table. 



remove the eight screws holding the 
aluminum plate to the circuit board. 
Lift the plate and the cardboard 
insert. 

Two connectors are located in the 
lower left corner of the motherboard. 



R/W EARLY 




4116 



RASTIM 



A6 



A5 



*li 



ABC 



6 6 
D E F 



0—0—1 o • 



AI3 



AI2 



-J 



MULTIPLEX 
SELECT 



AO 



A5 



AO 
A7 

8K 
I6K 



A6 



Fig. 4. Decode circuitry. 



52 Microcomputing, September 1982 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 53 



One is for the keyboard and has a rib- 
bon cable plugged in; the other is for 
the power supply/modulator board. 
Take care when removing this sec- 
ond connector: hold down the power 
supply board with your left hand and 
lift up gently on the motherboard 
with your other hand. Once the two 
boards separate, the motherboard 
can be lifted straight up out of its 
shielded enclosure. 

It is best to remove the complete 
unit from the plastic, then remove 
the power supply board from the 
casting and the mainboard. When 

reassembling, be certain that the 
RAM and CPU cards fit properly in- 
to the plastic retainer located inside 
the casting. 



Inspection 

While the guts of your machine are 
out and visible, you may wish to 
learn more about each part's func- 
tion. The card at the end of the 
motherboard is the CPU card. (See 
Fig. 1.) This contains the 6502 pro- 
cessor, the ANTIC chip, the CTIA, 
timing circuitry, and two 74LS244s to 
disconnect the MPU from the ad- 
dress bus during screen and memory 
refresh. See Table 3 for functions of 
the ANTIC and CTIA chips. 

The other card is the memory 
board (see Fig. 2). The eight ICs at the 
top are the dynamic RAMs. The 
74LS244 disables data-out during re- 
fresh. The 74LS158s are the address 



Chip name Function 



ANTIC 



CTIA 



PIA 



POKEY 



DMA (direct memory access) control 

NMI (non maskable interrupt) control 

Vertical and horizontal fine scrolling 

Vertical line counter 

WSYNC (wait for horizontal sync) 

Light Pen position registers 

Priority control (display of overlapping objects) 

Color-Luminance control (transferred from ANTIC) 

Player-Missile objects (four players, four missiles) 

Graphics registers 

Size control 

Horizontal position control 

Collision detection between objects 

Joystick trigger sensing 

Joystick jacks read or write 

Peripheral control and interrupt lines 

IRQ (maskable interrupt request) control from peripherals 

Keyboard scan and control 

Bidirectional serial port 

POT scan (paddles) 

Audio generators (four channels) 

Timers 

Random number generator 

Table 3. Special chip functions. 



CIRCUIT SIDE 
(BACK VIEW) 
x ■ CUT TRACE 
- « JUMPER WIRE 




DDDDDDDD 



Fig. 5. Memory board mods. 
54 Microcomputing, September 1982 



bus multiplexers, and the 74LS10 
performs decode functions. 

The motherboard contains the OS 
ROMs, the POKEY, PIA, memory de- 
coding, clock generator and other 
miscellaneous circuitry. (See Fig. 3, 
Table 3.) The ROMs are decoded for 
$D800-$FFFF; the POKEY, PIA, AN- 
TIC and CTIA are at SD000-D3FF. 
The connector at the rear of the 
motherboard provides test points for 
ease of servicing. 

Modifications 

Remove the memory card from the 
motherboard and place it on the alu- 
minum shielding plate, which will 
short out the pins and provide a 
grounding plane. 

Remove all the ICs by inserting a 
narrow flat-bladed screwdriver 
under one side and alternately prying 
up and pushing under the chips. Use 
care to avoid bending any of the pins, 
especially when one side is almost 
out of the socket. The ICs should be 
pried out parallel to the circuit board. 
If necessary, pry up on one side 
slightly, then on the other. Remove 
the 4108 chips first, then the four 
TTL ICs. Handle them by the ends, 
not by the leads. Place them with 
their pins down onto the aluminum 
shielding plate. 

• Next, cut the trace between pins 13 
and 14 of Z501. 

•Also cut the trace between pins T 
and U on the edge connector. 

• Solder a jumper between pin U 
connector and pin 13, Z501. This con- 
nects SI (second 8K decode) to the 
RAM enable circuitry. 

• Remove the resistor at D, E or F. 

• Also be sure that C is jumped, not A 
or B, which ensures that A5 goes to 
the RAM as A5. Take some masking 
tape and cover the lower half of pin H 
connectors. 

• Solder a wire from H connectors to 
the common side of D,E,F. The tape 
will prevent solder from building up 
at the bottom of the connector pin. 
This connection brings A 13 onto the 
board. 

If you have a 400, you're done with 
the mods, and can replace the ICs 
starting with the TTL and ending 
with the 4116s. Be sure that pin 1 on 
the IC matches the pin 1 silkscreened 
on the board (pin 1 should be in- 
dicated by a notch at the top or a dot 
in the upper left corner of the chip). 
The TTL ICs should be in upside 
down, and the 41 16s should have the 
notch at the top of the card. 

When installing the new 41 16s, note 



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Circle 286 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 55 



that their pins are spread apart fur- 
ther than the socket, so insertion will 
be a little tricky. Try either inserting 
one side part way first, then pushing 
on the other side slightly; or bend the 
pins in some, preferably with a pair 
of needlenose pliers or by pressing 
each side against a flat surface (e.g., a 
table top). 

If, however, you have an 800, you 
have several other modifications to 
make. Cut the traces between edge 
connector pairs R and S, and N and P. 
Now jumper these pairs: S and T, P 
and R, M and N. These are used in 
the 800 to indicate to other memory 
slots the size of each board. This is 
done by shunting the S0-S5 decode 
lines around onto different pins. Now 
the boards are completely modified 
and can be installed after the ICs are 
replaced. 

Installation 

Before installing the board, run a 
finger along both sides of the edge 
connector to redistribute the anticor- 
rosion paste. Plug the board in back- 
wards, with the chips facing the CPU 
card (which should face towards the 
test connector). Plug the keyboard 
ribbon cable back in if it was re- 



moved (this can be a real hassle, so 
have patience). 

Now place the motherboard back 
over the shielding, and let the plug-in 
cards drop down. Align the pins of 
the power supply/motherboard con- 
nector and push down firmly. Re- 
place the cardboard insert, and after 
making sure there's no conductive 
paste on it, replace the aluminum 
plate. After fastening this, the bottom 
can be replaced. 

I've found that it's easier to as- 
semble the unit right-side up. To do 
this, the molded plastic top must be 
removed. It's held on by two means: 
the cartridge access door, and a small 
plastic clip which fits under the front 
of the keyboard. Open the cartridge 
door; now pull gently on the front 
center of the 400 where the joystick 
jacks are. A small tab should pop 
out and over the keyboard. The top 
can then be worked over the car- 
tridge door. 

Put the bottom piece on a flat sur- 
face. Run the video cable along the 
slots in the base. Next, take the guts 
and place them into the base, center- 
ing them between the small tabs 
sticking up. You may find the assem- 
bly isn't resting level in the back: lift 



the back up slightly and pull the 
video cable up off the base so that it 
can clear through the notch in the 
shielding. 

Take care not to damage the speak- 
er when replacing it— it's easy to do. 
Make sure the keyboard and mother- 
board assembly are all level, replace 
the top, and tighten the screws down. 

Now for the final check. Plug in the 
power cord, insert Basic, and type in 
PRINT FRE(0). Your computer 
should respond with 13326 bytes 
free. If you still have only 5192 bytes 
free, check the first three steps in the 
modification, which connect SI to 
the decode circuitry. If you got 13K 
free, then poke around 8150 and 
check the screen for garbage; if you 
do get characters to appear on the 
screen this way, the A13 line isn't 
connected properly. If nothing hap- 
pens, check all of the steps in the 
modification. If the screen display is 
screwy (bad horizontal hold, garbage 
appears on power-up, etc.) you may 
have a bad RAM chip, or an IC pin 
may have been bent during insertion. 

Now that your Atari has 16K, she 
(and you too) can follow the white 
rabbit into a programming Wonder- 
land.! 



Circle 198 on Reader Service card. 



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56 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 1 18 on Reader Service card. 



STOP PLAYING GAMES 



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Calculate odds on HORSE RACES with ANY COMPU 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 57 



Everything You Need 
On a Single Board 

This -well-designed Z-80 computer from Colonial Data Systems 
Corp. is loaded with features and compares very favorably to 

other micros on the market. 



By Terry Kepner 



The SB-80 from Colonial Data Sys- 
tems Corp. is one of the newest 
Z-80 computers on the market. It con- 
tains all the features you could want 
on a single board: 64K bytes of RAM 
memory, two parallel ports, two 
serial ports, single and double den- 
sity floppy disk controller, clock cir- 
cuit and power supply. Included in 
the computer's case are two Shugart 
eight-inch double-density disk 
drives. 

One important aspect of the SB-80 
is its 50-pin expansion connector 
which allows access to all data and 
address lines coming from the Z-80A. 
The obvious benefit of this is that it 
can easily support a host adapter in- 
terface for hard disks, expanded 
memory, additional serial and paral- 
lel ports, or any other hardware ex- 
pansion. This gives it the capabilities 
of an S-100 bus machine while retain- 
ing the simplicity of a single-board 
computer. 

The SB-80 is sold with the CP/M op- 
erating system for $2995. It can also 
operate with MP/M. It is a true CP/M 
computer and is capable of using al- 
most any program based on CP/M. 

Accounts Receivable, Accounts 
Payable, Mailing List, and many 
other business programs are avail- 
able for the SB-80 from S & M Sys- 



Address correspondence to Terry Kepner, PO Box 
481, Peterborough, NH 03458. 



58 Microcomputing, September 1982 



terns, 2 Washington St., Haverhill, 
MA 01830. 

The SB-80 is sold without a termi- 
nal (keyboard and video) allowing 
you to buy only what you need for 
the system. 

System Features 

The SB-80 (Colonial Data Systems 
Corp., 105 Sanford St., Hamden, CT 
06514) is a single-board computer 
that uses the Z-80 CPU and operates 
at 4 MHz. When the system is first 
turned on, a built-in ROM performs a 
quick RAM check of the lower 16K 
bytes of RAM and then bootstraps the 
CP/M (or MP/M) disk into memory. 
After the ROM finishes the boot- 
strap, it "bank switches" itself out of 
the way leaving only RAM available. 

RS-232. The RS-232 capability of 
the SB-80 is extensive. It has two 
completely independent, full duplex 
channels. Data rates can be selected 
from 50 to 19,200 baud. Each chan- 
nel's receiver is quadruply buffered, 
with three eight-bit registers in a first- 
in-first-out arrangement and the 
fourth as an eight-bit input shift regis- 
ter. This quad buffering gives the 
CPU more time to service an inter- 
rupt before incoming serial data is 
lost because the CPU is busy 
elsewhere. 

The transmitters are double buf- 
fered with one eight-bit output shift 
register and one eight-bit buffer regis- 
ter. Each channel has five eight-bit 
control registers; two eight-bit status 



registers and two eight-bit sync-char- 
acter registers. There are also two 
16-bit shift registers used for CRC 
(cyclical redundancy check) genera- 
tion and checking with appropriate 
internal feedback. The feedback can 
be software controlled to use either 
one of two different CRC codes. 

The RS-232 channels operate in 
any one of three different modes: 

• Asynchronous with five, six, seven 
or eight bits/chr; one, V2, or two stop 
bits; even, odd or no parity; break 
generation and detection; parity, 
overrun and framing error detection; 
and xl, xl6, x32 and x64 clock 
modes. 

• Binary synchronous operation with 
internal or external character syn- 
chronization; one or two characters; 
sync characters in separate registers; 
automatic sync character insertion; 
and CRC generation and checking. 

• HDLC (also called IBM SDLC) op- 
eration with automatic zero insertion 
and deletion; automatic flag inser- 
tion; address field recognition; I-field 
residue handling; valid receive mes- 
sages protected from overrun; and 
CRC generation and checking. 

In addition to these functions you 
also have daisychain-priority-inter- 
rupt logic so that you can use auto- 
matic interrupt vectoring without 
having to write your own external 
logic to handle this problem. 

The physical setup of these ports is 
very practical. The RS-232 ports are 
connected to jumper pads on the cir- 



cuit board, as are the connections to 
the DB-25 connectors at the rear of 
the computer's cabinet. The DB-25 
pads and the RS-232 pads are con- 
nected together via jumper wires 
which you can easily change to any 
arrangement you need. This makes 
the task of connecting the SB-80 to 
non-standard RS-232 equipment sim- 
ple; all you need to know are the pin 
connections of the hardware. How to 
do this is explained in the manual. 

When the SB-80 is first powered 
up, channel A is set to 9600 baud and 
put in the asynchronous communica- 
tion mode. Channel B is set to 300 
baud. 

There is one disadvantage to the 
setup of the RS-232 ports: there are 
only two pins available for the three 
signals TxCB, RxCB and DTRB. 
They are normally configured with 
TxCB and RxCB on the same pin 
because most communications will 
use the same clock speed and phase 
for both the transmit and receive 
modes. Because it's rare for the trans- 
mit and receive modes to operate at 
different speeds, I don't think that 
the lack of a separate pin for each of 
these three signals is much of a 
problem. 

Parallel ports. There are two paral- 
lel ports in the SB-80; both are pro- 
grammable and TTL compatible. The 
ports are eight-bit bidirectional, with 
handshake data control. The hand- 
shaking is driven by interrupts from 
the peripheral device connected to 
the computer. 

There are four modes of operation: 

• Byte output 

• Byte input 

• Bit control 

• Byte bidirectional bus (port A only) 
As with the serial ports, the parallel 

ports incorporate daisychain-prior- 
ity-interrupt logic for automatic inter- 
rupt vectoring. 

On the parallel ports this interrupt 
priority means that you can have two 
terminals connected simultaneously 
with the computer servicing each ter- 
minal only when it receives an inter- 
rupt from that terminal. This pre- 
vents it from spending half its time 
checking each terminal to see if there 
is anything waiting for it. 

The port logic is divided into four 
sections: the control logic, the inter- 
rupt control logic, port A I/O logic 
and port B I/O logic. Each port's logic 
control is composed of six registers: 
an eight-bit data-input register, an 
eight-bit output register, a two-bit 
mode control register, an eight-bit 




Colonial Data's single-board Z-80 computer, the SB-80 



mask register and eight-bit input/out- 
put select register and a two-bit mask 
control register. 

The mode control register is used to 
select one of the four possible opera- 
tion modes (byte input, byte output, 
byte bidirectional or bit control). 
Data transfer between the CPU and 
the peripheral is through the I/O reg- 
isters. The eight-bit mask register, the 
eight-bit I/O select registers and the 
two-bit mask control register are re- 
served for use only in the bit-control 
mode. As in a security system with 
triggers which are either on or off, the 
bit mode is a very powerful method 
of connecting the SB-80 to other de- 
vices which generate only one 
condition. 

The I/O register allows you to spec- 
ify each individual bit in the mask 
register as either an input or an out- 
put bit. The mask register itself deter- 
mines which bits are to be scanned. 
The two-bit control register lets you 
specify if the incoming/outgoing bit is 
going to be either a logical 1 or a logi- 
cal 0. Therefore, if you have the 
SB-80 connected to an alarm system 
of five alarms, the SB-80 doesn't have 
to poll the alarms one at a time. It 
works on other tasks instead and only 
looks at the alarms when it receives 
an interrupt signal that tells it to scan 
the parallel port to see which alarm 
(or any number of them) has sent in a 
signal of activity. 

Timer circuit. The on-board counter/ 
timer is a programmable, four-chan- 
nel device that provides the counting 
and timing functions of the SB-80. 
Each channel is composed of two reg- 



isters, two counters and their control 
logic. The two registers are an eight- 
bit, time-constant register which ini- 
tializes and re-loads the down-count- 
er at the start. Each time the down- 
counter reaches there is an eight-bit 
control register which selects the 
mode and conditions of the channel's 
operation. The counters are an eight- 
bit down-counter which takes the 
number given to it by the time-con- 
stant register and decreases it until it 
reaches 0, and an eight-bit pre-scaler 
that can be programmed to divide the 
4 MHz clock rate of the computer by 
either 16 or 256. The pre-scaler deter- 
mines the rate at which the down- 
counter decreases. 

Expansion adapter. The 50-pin ex- 
pansion adapter makes the Z-80 CPU 
bus available for further growth of 
the SB-80. It has a few nice features in 
addition to the buffering and avail- 
ability of the Z-80 Tri-state bus. One 
of these features is an 8 MHz clock at 
the connector. This extra clock oper- 
ates at twice the rate of the system 
clock and allows you more complex 
clocking circuitry in external devices 
than would otherwise be possible. 

Another feature allows external cir- 
cuitry to take control of the internal 
Z-80 bus if you need it. Another 
available feature allows you to lock 
out the internal memory of the SB-80 
and lets the external circuitry supply 
the memory to be used by the SB-80. 
This provides a simple and effective 
method of "bank switching" memo- 
ry into the SB-80 at the control of ex- 
ternal circuitry. 

Without having to create external 

Microcomputing, September 1982 59 



logic, you can daisychain up to four 
Z-80 peripheral chips into the priority 
interrupt structure. On-board logic 
assures that the highest priority de- 
vice which requests an interrupt will 
be serviced first. If you find it neces- 
sary to add more than four Z-80 chips 
to the expansion adapter, you can 
add your own "look ahead" logic and 
connect up to 30 chips using standard 
TTL logic circuits. 



The SB-80 isn't directly S-100 com- 
patible because all the control and 
data lines are brought out on the ex- 
pansion bus and properly buffered. 
However, it's an easy chore to inter- 
face the SB-80 to almost any device 
on the market. Although it isn't men- 
tioned in the documentation or ad- 
vertisements, one of the immediate 
uses of the expansion adapter is the 
ability to interface the SB-80 with 



Corvus and Shugart hard disks giving 
you an option to add up to 80 mega- 
bytes of hard-disk storage capacity. 
In fact, according to Bob Schock, the 
president of Colonial Data, many of 
their computers are sold with hard- 
disk drives as a package deal. 

Keyboard interface. The keyboard 
interface is a simple 8 x 8 switch ma- 
trix capable of being connected to a 
stand-alone keyboard of 62 keys. The 



SYSTEM 


TYPE 


CPU 


BITS 


SPEED 


OPSYS 


LANGUAGE 


TIME 


TESTED BY: 


COLONIAL DATA 


SB80 


Z80 


8 


4 


CP/M2.2 


MBasic5.2 


661 


S & M Systems 


ALTOS 


8002 


Z80 


8 


4 


CP/M2.2 


MBasic5.2 


662 


S & M Systems 


CA. COMPSYS 


2810 


Z80 


8 


4 


CP/M2.2 


MBasic5.2 


663 


Bob Loesch 


OHIO SCI 


C4-P 


6502 


8 


2 


OS65D3.2 


Level I Basic 


680 




CROMENCO 


Z-2H 


Z80 


8 


4 


CDOS2.36 


32K Basic, SFP 


935 


Paul Hansknecht 


TANDY 


TRS-80II 


Z80 


8 


4 


TRSDOS 


Disk Basic 


955 




APPLE 


IIPLUS 


6502 


8 


2 


DOS 3.2 


APLSOFTIIBasic 


960 




CROMENCO 


Z-2H 


Z80 


8 


4 


CDOS2.36 


32K Basic, LFP 


1130 


Paul Hansknecht 


OHIO SCI 


C3-C 


6502 


8 


1 


OS65D 


Level I Basic 


1346 




HP 


HP-85 


PROP 


8 


N/A 


N/A 


Basic 


1380 




BASIC/FOUR 


600 


8080 


8 


N/A 


N/A 


Basic 


1404 




ZENITH 


Z-89 


Z80 


8 


2 


CP/M2.2 


MBasic5.2 


1500 


S & M Systems 


IMSAI 


18080 


8080 


8 


2 


CP/M2.2 


MBasic50 


1614 




TANDY 


TRS-80III 


Z80 


8 


2 


TRSDOS 


Disk Basic 


1695 


William Gollan 


EXIDY 


SORC'R 


Z80 


8 


2 


CP/M1.4 


MBasic50 


1740 


Henry Deutsch 


TANDY 


TRS-80I 


Z80 


8 


2 


TRSDOS 


LevelllBasic 


1928 










Table 1. Benchmark test results. 

























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with a full size (12" diagonal) non-glare tiltable green 
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character set offers blinking cursor, underlining, reverse 
video, and half and zero intensity. The movable, detach- 
able keyboard has a numeric pad with cursor control and 
function keys. 



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■ 4MHzZ80ACPU ■ 64K 200ns Main Memory 

■ 8-Inch Dual Density Floppy Drives 
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■ 2-Serial Ports ■ 2-Parallel Ports 

■ 4-Counter/Timers ■ Expandable 

For further information about this limited offer call or write: 




Colonial Data 



Colonial Data Services Corp., 1 05 Sanford Street, Hamden, Conn. 0651 4 • (203) 288-2524 • Telex: 95601 4 



60 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 105 on Reader Service card. 



software, using this technique, has 
complete control of the keyboard in- 
cluding the ability to detect the de- 
pression of more than one key. 

Floppy disk controller. The SB-80 
uses the Western Digital FD1793 for 
dual-density data bus control and is 
compatible with the IBM 3740 and 
the IBM System 34. 

The manual. The documentation 
supplied with the SB-80 is in two, 
two-inch thick, three-ring binders. 
The first binder covers the hardware 
and initial operation of the SB-80; the 
second binder covers the CP/M oper- 
ating system that comes with the 
unit. Binder number one is roughly 
divided into three sections. The first 
section covers the main hardware 
features of the SB-80: first in a brief 
form that summarizes each feature's 
attributes, and then in more specific 

detail. 

The first section is about 68 pages 
and includes seven fold-out pages of 
hardware schematics. The second 
section, 25 pages, is the operator's 
guide to using the SB-80. It tells you 
how to power it up, what the connec- 
tors on the back do and the functions 
of the lights, switches and doors on 
the front of the unit. It lists the proce- 
dures necessary to turn on the SB-80 
and how to make backups of your 
CP/M system disks. It also gives a 
brief overview of the CP/M system. 
The third section is a technical sec- 
tion which includes schematics cov- 
ering the Shugart disk drives and 
Boschert power supply sold with the 
system. 

The faults I find with the manual 
are the same as I find with most man- 
uals. They seem to be written by 
technical people who assume that 
you already are familiar with their 
system, or that you have experience 
with computers of this type. Techni- 
cians will find the manual to be very 
comprehensive. It supplies all the in- 
formation necessary to get the SB-80 
to do what they want it to do and 
keep it operational. It is not written 
for the computer novice. 

Colonial Data Systems includes a 
brief tutorial (25 pages) on the CP/M 
operating system. They also include 
an on-line CP/M help command. 
Typing the word help followed by the 
command you want explained will 
result in a display of the definition of 
the command. They also include a 
program on their distribution disk 
called "Help Help" which gives de- 
scriptions of the programs on the 
disk. 



To show you how the SB-80 com- 
puter compares to the other comput- 
ers on the market, I included a bench- 
mark test (shown in Table 1, courtesy 
of Bill Gollan and S & M Systems) . All 
benchmarks were run with a Basic 
interpreter. Compilers were not used 
because of their obvious speed ad- 
vantage, and because interpreters are 
more available and represent a much 
wider group of machines. The CPUs 
of the computers are listed along with 
the clock speeds (in MHz) at which 
the computers operate. The operating 
systems and versions of Basic used 
are also listed. The last item of each 
line is the name of the person who ac- 
tually tested the computer. 

The benchmark test is a simple one 
and uses two nested FOR-NEXT 
loops and IF-THEN tests. The pro- 
gram used was: 

140FORN=1 TO 1000 
150 FOR K = 2 to 500 
160LETM = N/K 
170LETL = INT(M) 
180 IF L = THEN 230 
190IFL=1 THEN 220 
200 IF M>L THEN 220 
210 IF M = L THEN 240 
220 NEXT K 
230 PRINT N; 



Circle 397 on Reader Service card. 





MM3CRAM ULSGrt 



240 NEXT N 

250 PRINT "FINISHED" 

The results of the benchmark test are 
listed in seconds. 

Summary 

The SB-80 computer is a well- 
planned and designed Z-80 comput- 
er. Its designers have obviously spent 
a lot of time and effort in laying out 
the SB-80 for maximum versatility 
and convenience. The design of the 
pin-to-pad RS-232 lines is a much 
needed setup. More than once I have 
wanted to connect a standard RS-232 
printer to a standard RS-232 port but 
ran into incompatibility problems. 
The design of the SB-80 RS-232 ports 
alleviates this problem. 

Another advantage of the SB-80 is 
the multitude of ready-to-use pro- 
grams for the CP/M operating sys- 
tem. Although the SB-80 is a new ma- 
chine, it is not limited by a lack of 
software. 

As you can tell, I am enthusiastic 
about the capabilities of the SB-80 
computer. I think it is definitely one 
of the better, if not the best, Z-80 
computers to be released in the last 
few years. ■ 




ETF.F.EK 



JOURNAL of 
PASCAL and ADA 

• Program design 

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An in-depth resource 
for the beginner to 
expert programmer 

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Mail to: Journal of Pascal and Ada 
P.O. Box 384 Orem. Utah 84057 



Circle 308 on Reader Service card. 



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MICRO-80™ INC 

K-2665 NO. BUSBY ROAD 
OAK HARBOR, WA 98277 



Microcomputing, September 1982 61 



Micro Money 'Maker 



Join the bank and insurance magnates of the world 

in understanding the formula to calculate your future financial 

value. This useful TRS-80 application can be easily converted 

to other systems. 

By Joseph Najjar 



This article illustrates and evalu- 
ates the impact of future value 
calculations in financial transactions. 
It also describes a program for the 
TRS-80 Model I or Model III comput- 
er that calculates future value. 

Future value is the amount an in- 
vestment is worth at a specific future 
point. The concept is simple. For in- 
stance, if you deposit $100 in a bank 
that pays 10 percent interest, com- 
pounded yearly, the future value af- 
ter one year would be $ 1 10. But inter- 
estingly enough, if the bank across 




YEAR NUMBER 

Fig. 1. This chart shows the year-ending balances 
of $350,000 invested at 13.06 percent, 14.29 per- 
cent and 15.24 percent compounded yearly after 
withdrawing $50,000 per year. 

62 Microcomputing, September 1982 



the street pays 9.56 percent annual 
interest compounded monthly, at the 
end of one year that same $ 100 would 
grow to an identical $110. 

The importance to the depositor is 
not the interest rate quoted or how it 
is compounded, but the balance at 
the end of the year. 

Why Use Future Value 

To properly compare amounts of 
money, they must be compared at the 
same point in time. For instance, if 
you compare $100 today with $110 
one year from now, you would prob- 
ably conclude that the $ 1 10 is greater 
than $100. However, if you invested 
today's $100 at 10 percent interest at 
the end of one year it would grow to 
$ 1 10. Financially, this means that, as- 
suming interest rates were at 10 per- 
cent, $100 today is really equal to 
$110 one year from now. The future 
value calculation allows an effective 



Address correspondence to Joseph N. Najjar III, 
99 Walker Road, Westwood, MA 02090. 



comparison of sums of money, in- 
vestment returns and financial alter- 
natives at a future period. 

Financial decision-making using 
large dollar amounts, long periods of 
time and continuous cash flows can 
be quite misleading. 

As an example, assume you won a 
$ 1 million tax-free lottery. It is to be 
paid to you in denominations of 
$50,000 per year for 20 years, or you 
may elect to receive a one-time pay- 
ment of $350,000. Which would you 
choose? 

Personal circumstances may have a 
major effect upon the decision. How- 
ever, the correct financial decision 
can only be made by a mathematical 
comparison. 

If you chose the $1 million, you 
would receive $50,000 at the end of 
each year for 20 years. If, however, 
you chose the $350,000 and invested 
it at 13.06 percent compounded year- 
ly, you could also withdraw $50,000 
at the end of each year for 20 years, at 
which time you would have with- 
drawn the total balance of the ac- 
count. Thus, this investment would 



CR n = Cash flow at period n 

i = The assumed interest rate 

FV = Future value 



FV= -CF n (l +i)o -CF 3 (1 +i) n " 3 -CF 2 (l +i)n-2_CF 1 (l +i)"-i 



Fig. 2. Future value formula. 



Circle 6 on Reader Service card. 



H 

& 

E 



CQIYIPUTHQMICS 



N 
C. 



rrM 



EVERYTHING FOR YOUR TRS-80™ • ATARI™ • APPLE™ • PET™ • CP/M™ • XEROX™ • IBM 1 

TRS-80 is * trademark of the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corp. - * ATARI is a trademark of Atari Inc. - • APPLE is a trademark of Apple Corp. - • PET is a trademark of Commodore 

• CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research - 'XEROX is a trademark of Xerox Corp. - • IBM is a trademark of IBM Corp. 



BUSINESS PAC 1 OO 



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100 Ready-To- Run 
Business Programs 



(ON CASSETTE OR DISKETTE) Includes 128 Page Users Manual 

Inventory Control Payroll Bookkeeping System Stock Calculations. 

Checkbook Maintenance.... Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable 



CI SI NESS 100 PROGRAM LIST 



NAME 

1 RULE78 

2 ANNU1 

3 DATE 

4 DAYYEAR 

5 LEASEJNT 

6 BREAKEVN 

7 DEPRSL 

8 DEPRSY 

9 DEPRDB 

10 DEPRDDB 

11 TAXDEP 

12 CHECK2 

13 CHECKBK1 

14 MORTGAGE/A 

1 5 MULTMOM 

16 SALVAGE 

17 RRVARJM 

18 RRCOMST 

19 EFFECT 

20 FVAL 

21 PVAL 

22 LOANPAY 

23 REGWTTH 

24 SIMPDISK 

25 DATEVAL 

26 ANMUDEF 

27 MARKUP 

28 SINKFUMD 

29 BONDVAL 

30 DEPLETE 

31 BLACKSH 

32 STOCVAL1 

33 WARVAL 

34 BOMDVAL2 

35 EPSEST 

36 BETAALPH 

37 SHARPE1 

38 OPTWRITE 

39 RTVAL 

40 EXPVAL 

41 BAYES 

42 VALPRINF 

43 VALADINF 

44 UTILITY 

45 SIMPLEX 

46 TRAMS 

47 EOQ 

48 QUEUE 1 

49 CVP 

50 CONDPROF 

51 OPTLOSS 

52 FQUCO 

53 FQEOWSH 

54 FQEOQPB 

55 QUEUECB 

56 MCFANAL 

57 PRORND 

58 CAP1 



DESCRIPTION 

Interest Apportionment by Rule of the 78s 

Annuity computation program 

Time between dates 

Day of year a particular date falls on 

Interest rate on lease 

Breakeven analysis 

Straightline depreciation 

Sum of the digits depreciation 

Declining balance depreciation 

Double declining balance depreciation 

Cash flow vs. depreciation tables 

Prints NEBS checks along with dairy register 

Checkbook maintenance program 

Mortgage amortization table 

Computes time needed for money to double, triple, 

Determines salvage value of an investment 

Rate of return on investment with variable inflows 

Rate of return on investment with constant inflows 

Effective interest rate of a loan 

Future value of an investment (compound interest) 

Present value of a future amount 

Amount of payment on a loan 

Equal withdrawals from investment to leave over 

Simple discount analysis 

Equivalent & nonequivalent dated values for oblig. 

Present value of deferred annuities 

% Markup analysis for items 

Sinking fund amortization program 

Value of a bond 

Depletion analysis 

Black Scholes options analysis 

Expected return on stock via discounts dividends 

Value of a warrant 

Value of a bond 

Estimate of future earnings per share for company 

Computes alpha and beta variables for stock 

Portfolio selection model-i.e. what stocks to hold 

Option writing computations 

Value of a right 

Expected value analysis 

Bayesian decisions 

Value of perfect information 

Value of additional information 

Derives utility function 

Linear programming solution by simplex method 

Transportation method for linear programming 

Economic order quantity inventory model 

Single server queueing (waiting line) model 

Cost-volume-profrt analysis 

Conditional profit tables 

Opportunity loss tables 

Fixed quantity economic order quantity model 

As above but with shortages permitted 

As above but with quantity price breaks 

Cost-benefit waiting line analysis 

Met cash-flow analysis for simple investment 

Profitability index of a project 

Cap. Asset Pr. Model analysis of project 



etc. 



59 WACC 

60 COMPBAL 

61 DISCBAL 

62 MERGANAL 

63 FIMRAT 

64 NPV 

65 PRIMDLAS 

66 PRIMDPA 

67 SEASIMD 

68 TIMETR 

69 TIMEMOV 

70 FUPRINF 

71 MAILPAC 

72 LETWRT 

73 SORT3 

74 LABEL 1 

75 LABEL2 

76 BUSBUD 

77 TIMECLCK 

78 ACCTPAY 

79 INVOICE 

80 INVENT2 

81 TELDIR 

82 TIMUSAN 

83 ASSIGN 

84 ACCTREC 

85 TERMSPAY 

86 PAYNET 

87 SELLPR 

88 ARBCOMP 

89 DEPRSF 

90 UPSZONE 

91 ENVELOPE 

92 AUTOEXP 

93 INSF1LE 

94 PAYROLL2 

95 DILANAL 

96 LOANAFFD 

97 RENTPRCH 

98 SALELEAS 

99 RRCONVBD 
100 PORTVAL9 



Weighted average cost of capital 

True rate on loan with compensating bal. required 

True rate on discounted loan 

Merger analysis computations 

Financial ratios for a firm 

Net present value of project 

Laspeyres price index 

Paasche price index 

Constructs seasonal quantity indices for company 

Time series analysis linear trend 

Time series analysis moving average trend 

Future price estimation with inflation 

Mailing list system 

Letter writing system-links with MAILPAC 

Sorts list of names 

Shipping label maker 

Name label maker 

DOME business bookkeeping system 

Computes weeks total hours from timeclock info. 

In memory accounts payable system-storage permitted 
Generate invoice on screen and print on printer 

In memory inventory control system 

Computerized telephone directory 

Time use analysis 

Use of assignment algorithm for optimal job assign. 

In memory accounts receivable system-storage ok 

Compares 3 methods of repayment of loans 

Computes gross pay required for given net 

Computes selling price for given after tax amount 

Arbitrage computations 

Sinking fund depreciation 

Finds UPS zones from zip code 

Types envelope including return address 

Automobile expense analysis 

Insurance policy file 

In memory payroll system 

Dilution analysis 

Loan amount a borrower can afford 

Purchase price for rental property 

Sale leaseback analysis 

Investor" s rate of return on convertible bond 

Stock market portfolio storage-valuation program 



□ TRS-80 Cassette Version 

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Microcomputing, September 1982 63 



be identical in value to taking the $ 1 
million over 20 years. 

If you had been able to invest that 
same $350,000 at 14.29 percent com- 
pounded yearly (only 1.23 percent 
more than the previous 13.06 per- 
cent), you could withdraw $50,000 at 
the end of each year for an infinite 
amount of time, and the year-ending 
balance would always be $350,000. 

Better still, if you were able to in- 
vest it at 15.24 percent compounded 
yearly, you could withdraw $50,000 
at the end of each year also for an in- 
finite amount of time, with your bal- 
ance doubling at the end of year num- 
ber 20 to $700,000. 

See Fig. 1 to observe the effect that 
interest rates have on the year-ending 
balances. 

How to Use Future Value 

The future value formula is shown 
in Fig. 2. The Future Value program 
in Listing 1 written on a TRS-80 Level 
II computer requires at least 8K bytes 
of memory. 

Load the program and type RUN. 
Immediately following this, three 
columns will appear. The first col- 
umn is labeled "period number." 
You can designate the length of a pe- 
riod, but each period must consist of 
that equal length. For instance, if you 
consider period 1 to be one month 
long, you must consider all subse- 
quent periods to be one month long. 
The computer automatically inserts 
the period number, it then moves to 
the second column labeled "cash 
flow amount" and will await your in- 
put. In the cash flow column, enter 
the cash flow amount for that period. 
Sign designation is as follows: nega- 
tive numbers signify money leaving 
your pocket, going into the invest- 
ment; positive numbers signify mon- 
ey going into your pocket from the in- 
vestment. 

After putting in the sign designa- 
tion and the cash flow amount, the 
cursor moves to column 3 labeled 
"number of consecutive similar cash 
flows.' This column can save a con- 
siderable amount of typing. Let's as- 
sume you input a cash flow amount 
of -$500 for period 1 and that the 
cash flow amount for periods 2 
through 5 is also -$500, equaling a 
total of five consecutive - $500 cash 
flows. By typing a five in this column, 
the computer would automatically 
input periods two through five at the 
- $500 value. If this input is less than 
one or a noninteger, the computer 
disregards the entire line and asks 

64 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Program listing. Future Value program for the TRS-80. /Microcomputing will publish conversions of 
this program for the Apple, Atari, Commodore, Heath, . . ., submitted by our readers.) 



10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

100 

110 

120 

130 

140 

150 

160 

170 

180 



CLS 

IIIIIIUII1IIIX1XIXIIII1IIIXIIIIIIU1II1IIIIIIXIUIIIIIUIIIII1IIIIIII1 

■ THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE FUTURE VALUE OF CASH FLOWS x 

■ X 

■ WRITTEN BY . . . JOE NAJJAR III * 

■ * 

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXIIXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1XXX 



II1IIII1IIX1MIXKMIXXIIXIX1IXXIIIIIIIIXIXIKIIXIKI1IMIIIXXXXXXXXXIXXXXXX 

* X 

* INITIALIZE PROGRAM TO ACCEPT 100 DIFFERENT CASH FLOW AMOUNTS x 

* x 
x CF(X)=CASH FLOW AMOUNT NUMBER X x 

* x 
x N(X)=NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE REPETITIONS OF CASH FLOW NUMBER X x 

* x 
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx*x*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

190 c=i :l^i93:p=i 

200 DIM CF( 100) »N( 100) 

210 ' **xxxxxxxxxx*x*x*x*xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
220 'x M 

230 »■ REQUEST INPUTS FOR CASH FLOW AND CONSECTUTIVE PERIODS x 

240 'x K 

'XXXXXXXXXXXXXX*X*X*X*X*XXX*X*X*XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 



CASH LOW 
AMOUNT 



260 PRINT 00, 'PERIOD 

270 PRINT "NUMBER 

280 PRINT 0L»PJTAB<23) i 

290 A*=" 

30 INPUT A* 

310 IF A$="END"AND C<>1 THEN 470 

32 CF(C)=UAL(A$):iF CF(C)=0 AND A$0 ' • THEN 380 

330 PRINT 0L+52»""; 

340 N(C)=1 

350 INPUT N(C)JIF N ( C ) OINT < N(C ) )0RN( C )<=0 THEN 380 

360 if n(c)>1 then gosub 410 

370 c=c+i:p=p+i 

380 if l <896 then l=l + 64 

390 PRINT 

400 GOTO 260 

410 FOR X = 2 TO N(C) 

420 P*P+1 

430 IF L<896 THEN L=L+64 

440 PRINT 

450 PRINT 0LrP#TAB<24) ;CF(C) 

460 NEXT X: RETURN 

470 C=C-1 



NO. OF CONSECUTIVE* 
SIMILAR CASH FLOWS 1 



480 
490 
500 
510 
520 



560 
570 
580 
590 
600 



xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X 

x REQUEST INTEREST RATE ASSUMPTION AND STORE IN VARIABLE II x 

X 
'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

530 INPUT 'WHAT IS THE ASSUMED INTEREST RATE PER PERIOD (IN X) «;il 
540 IF 11=0 THEN 530 
550 11=11/100 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X 

x CALCULATE THE FUTURE VALUE * 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

610 nn=o:t=o 

620 for x=c to 1 step -1 

630 FOR Y»l TO N(X) 

640 NN=NN-CF(X)x(l-HI)CT 

650 T=T+1 

660 NEXT YINEXT X 

670 FV=NN 

680 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

690 'x M 

700 'x VIDEO DISPLAY OF RESULT x 

710 'x u 

720 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

730 cls:print:print -the future value is *;fv 

740 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxixxxxxxxxxxxxx 

750 'x n 

760 'x ASK IF HARD COPY IS DESIRED * 

770 'x u 

780 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

790 A*=»' 

80 PRINT: INPUT "DO YOU WANT A HARD COPY PRINT OUT < Y OR N ) ';A« 

810 IF A»='Y' THEN GOSUB 1010 

82 IF AtO'N" THEN 80 

830 A*= B ' 



840 
850 
86 
870 
880 



XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

X 

X 

x ASK FOR NEW INTEREST RATE ASSUMPTION AND RECALCULATE x 

x 

X 
XXXXXXXIXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXIXXXXXX 

890 INPUT 'DO YOU WANT TO RECALCULATE AT A DIFERENT INTEREST RATE ",A* 
900 IF A$='Y' THEN 530 
910 IF AfO'N* THEN 890 



920 
930 
940 
950 
960 



xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
x ASK IF COMPLETE PROGRAM RERUN IS DESIRED x 

X 

X 

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

970 A*=«" 

980 INPUT 'DO YOU WANT TO RUN AGAIN FROM SCRATCH ( Y OR N ) «;a* 

990 IF A*=*Y« THEN RUN 

1000 IF A*="N' THEN END ELSE 980 

1010 A$="N" 

1020 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXIXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 




Circle 266 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 36 on Reader Service card. 




**-> $ 1 95Q $ 819 



48-K 26-1066 



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TRS-80 MODEL II 

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TRS-80 MODEL 16 

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TRS-80 8 4 MEGABYTE HARD DISKS (PRIMARY UNIT) . $4000 



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WE HAVE COLOR DISK DRIVES — $ 475 1-2-3 — *31 5 



WE ALSO CARRY EPSON AND OKIDATA PRINTERS. 

XEROX 820 AND ALTOS COMPUTERS 

NO OUT-OF-STATE TAXES T M TANDY CORP 

Sold with the manufacturer s limited warranty Copies of such war- 
ranty may be obtained for review from Perry Oil and Gas Co 



PERRY OIL & GAS INC 

Dept No M-13 137NORTH MAIN ST .. PERRY, M CHIGAN 48872 

PHONE (517) 625-4161 MICH 

FOR OUR PRICES. 

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1 -800-248-3823 



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AP101 Apple II with Single Disk Drive $109 

AP102 Apple II with Double Disk Drive 119 

AP103 Apple II, 9 inch Monitor & Double Drives 129 

AP104 Apple III, two additional Drives & Sitentype 139 

AP105 12 inch Monitor plus accessories 99 

RS201 TRS-80 Model I, Expansion Unit & Drive 109 

RS-202 TRS-80 Model or TV set 84 

RS204 TRS-80 Model III 129 

RS-205 Radio Shack Color Computer 89 

AT301 Atari Computer & Accessories 109 

P401 Paper Tiger 440/445/460 99 

P402 Centronics 730/737 Line Printer ll/IV 89 

P403 Epson MX70, MX80 or IBM Matrix 89 

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closed. Judge for yourself. 

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VtSA 



Microcomputing, September 1982 65 



Listing continued 



1030 
1040 
1050 
1060 
1070 
1080 
1090 
1100 
1110 
1120 
1130 
1140 
1150 
1160 
1170 
1180 



* 
* 

K 



HARD COPY PRINT OUT SUBROUTINE 



x 
x 

X 



' XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

FOR X=l TO StLPRINT * ":next X 

LPRINT 'FUTURE VALUE SUMMARY * ILPRINT ■ ■ 

•ASSUMED INTEREST RATE PER PERIOD *; 11*1 ♦ "X *: LPRINT ■ ■ 

■CASH FLOW DETAIL* ILPRINT ■ ■ 

•PERIOD" t • '»'CASH FLOW » •NO. OF CONSECTUTIVE ■ 

•NUMBER* »••»■ AMOUNT' » 'SIMILAR CASH FLOWS' 



LPRINT 

LPRINT 

LPRINT 

LPRINT 

LPRINT • • 

P=l JFOR X»l TO C 

LPRINT ' •»P»",' 

P-P*N(X) INEXT X 

LPRINT • •: LPRINT ■ 

LPRINT -FUTURE VALUE 



' ;CF(X>. ' 

•: LPRINT ' • 

■ $';fv:return 



;n(X) 



you to re-enter it. 

After you've entered all of the cash 
flows for all of the periods, type END 
for the next cash flow amount. A 
question then appears asking for an 
interest rate assumption (the interest 
rate you are currently earning on 
your investments). It's important that 
you enter the interest rate for one 
period's length of time. For instance, 
if a period was one month long and 
you were assuming 18 percent inter- 
est per year, you would enter the in- 
terest as 1.5 (i.e., 18/12 = 1.5). If a pe- 
riod length equaled one year and in- 
terest was 18 percent per year, you 



Circle 399 on Reader Service card. 



UNIFORTH 



L 



FORTH is a highly interactive, extensible 
language that runs 10-30x faster than interpret 
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adheres to the 1979 FORTH International 
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I/O and 8" floppy disks. Standard features: 

• Stand-alone (no operating system 
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• Menu-driven cursor-addressed 
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mnemonics) 

• IEEE-compatible software floating 
point (with transcendental functions) 

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Please write for further details. 

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P.O. BOX 2644 

NEW CARROLLTON, MD 20784 

(301)552-1295 



66 Microcomputing, September 1982 



would enter 18. 

Next, the machine— taking up to 
several seconds— calculates the fu- 
ture value, displays it on the screen 
and asks if you want a hard copy 
summary of the analysis (see Fig. 3). 

A positive future value is the 
amount you could put into your 
pocket from the investment after the 
last entered period. A negative future 
value would be the amount of money 
you would owe on the investment. 

Next, a question asks if you would 
like to recalculate the future value at 
a different interest rate assumption. 

The machine will then ask if you 
want to start from scratch. An N will 
end the program. 

An Example 

Using the steps I've just outlined, 
let's actually calculate the lottery 
example. 

First type RUN; the three columns 
will appear. The cursor will fill in 
the number 1 under the period num- 
ber column, and then move to the 
cash flow column looking for an in- 
put. The first cash flow is $350,000 
leaving your pocket, so enter 
-$350,000. The cursor will then 
jump to the next column. Since the 
next cash flow is not a consecutive 
similar cash flow, just press the en- 
ter key and the computer will auto- 
matically assume you want the 
-$350,000 only in period 1. The 
computer will then print the number 
2 under the period number column 
and await the next cash flow. 

Since you'll be withdrawing 
$50,000 from the investment into 
your pocket, enter $50,000. The cur- 
sor will then jump to column three. 
This time you'll enter the number 20, 
because you'll be taking out $50,000 
for 20 consecutive periods. The com- 
puter will then automatically fill in 
the next 19 periods with $50,000. 

Now type END for the next cash 
flow; the interest rate assumption 



question will appear. Enter the annu- 
al interest rate (because each period 
equals one year) that you feel you can 
earn and the computer will, after a 
few seconds, respond with the future 
value. In my illustration I used 13.06, 
14.29 and 15.24 percent to illustrate 
the interest rates required to generate 
future values of $0, $350,000 and 
$700,000 respectively. 

Armed now with your new valu- 
able tool, assume your insurance 
man wants to sell you a retirement 
plan. Your obligation would be to in- 
vest $150 per month for 360 months 
(30 years), for a total of $54,000. The 
insurance company's responsibility 
would then be to pay you $5000 per 
month for 300 months (25 years) for a 
total of $1,500,000. 

After explaining this, the insurance 
man asks you if you're interested in 
the plan. The average person would 
jump at the chance to turn $54,000 in- 
to $1.5 million. But you, knowing 
better, realize a more sophisticated fi- 
nancial analysis is necessary before 
coming to a conclusion. You can now 
evaluate the possibilities of this plan 
with the Future Value program by 
comparing it to an investment in a 
money market fund. 

Load and run your Future Value 
program. In period number 1, enter 
-$150. Because you're going to 
make 360 payments (30 years), type 
in 360 for the number of consecutive 
similar cash flows. 

Next, the computer automatically 
inputs -$150 for periods 2 through 
360, displays it on the screen and 
moves to period number 361, which 
is the month during which you start 
withdrawing $5000 per month. Be- 
cause this is cash going into your 
pocket, enter $5000 for the cash flow 
of period 361. Since you expect to 
withdraw the $5000 amount for 300 
months (25 years) enter 300 for the 
number of consecutive similar cash 
flows. The computer will then fill in 
withdrawals for periods 361 through 
660 and the cursor will move to peri- 
od 661. Type END, signifying the end 
of the cash flow sequence. The inter- 
est rate assumption question will 
then appear on the screen. Assuming 
you can earn 1 percent per month, 
type in 1 , which represents this inter- 
est rate. The computer, several sec- 
onds later, will respond with the fu- 
ture value of $979,312. 

From this, your conclusion is that if 
you had made payments of $150 per 
month for 360 months and then with- 
drew $5000 per month for 300 



months for an investment that paid 
you 1 percent per month, you would 
still have a future value cash balance 
of $979,312. 

Under the terms of the insurance 
company retirement plan, you would 
have made the same payments over 
30 years, and received the same in- 
come over the last 25 years, but 
would have no value thereafter. 

Your own investment, as you can 
conclude, is far superior to that of the 
insurance company. It is becoming 
increasingly clear why insurance 
companies can pay for such large of- 
fice buildings. 

Now let's assume you are a home 
builder. You plan to build a house 
with $60,000 of borrowed funds. You 
feel certain you can sell the house at 
$70,900. Your cash disbursements 
(which you borrow from the bank) 
are shown in Table 1. 

The bank decides to loan you the 
money at 1.5 percent per month (18 
percent per year). You commence 



It is becoming 

increasingly clear 

why insurance companies 

can pay for such large 

office buildings. 



construction, all goes well and you 
finish at the end of the fifth month. 
Also at the end of the fifth month, 
John Jones makes an offer to pur- 
chase it at a price of $70,000. You ex- 
plain your asking price of $70,900 
and refuse his offer. Seven months 
later, Mr. Jones comes back and 
agrees to pay your $70,900, which 
makes you very happy. 

Using the Future Value Analysis, 
let's calculate the amount of profit at 
those two points in time. 

First, let's calculate how much 
money you would have made if you 
sold it at the end of the fifth month 
for $70,000. Enter for months 1 
through 5: -$20,000, -$15,000, 
-$10,000, -$7000 and -$8000 re- 
spectively. Answer the interest ques- 
tion with 1.5. The future value, in 
this case, being the amount you owe 
the bank, is $62,319. If you accepted 
the $70,000 offer, you would have 
earned a profit of $7681; i.e., $70,000 



sale price) minus $62,319 month 5 
Dank loan balance) equals $7681 
(profit). 

Because you decided to hold out to 
get your full asking price of $70,900 
and the buyer didn't agree to this un- 
til period number 12, you would cal- 
culate your earnings as follows. 



Again enter for periods 1 through 5 
-$20,000, -$15,000, -$10,000, 
-$7000 and -$8000 respectively. 
Also enter for period 6 and type 7 
under the number of consecutive 
similar cash flows, because for seven 
months you had no cash flows in this 
transaction. Again, answer the inter- 



Month 


Cash Paid Out 


1 


$20,000 


2 


$15,000 


3 


$10,000 


4 


$ 7,000 


5 


$ 8,000 



Reason 

Purchase land 

Foundation and starting construction 

Finish exterior 

Finish interior 

Landscaping and appliances 



Total 



$60,000 



Table 1. Sample cash disbursements to build a house. 



Circle 375 on Reader Service card. 



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Beaverton, OR 97075 



(503)642-3100 



Call (503)646-55 10 for CBBSVNW, a Semi-Disk-equipped computer bulletin board. 
SemiDisk trademark of SemiDisk Systems; TRS-80 trademark of Radio Shack 




Microcomputing, September 1982 67 



est question with 1.5 and the result- 
ing future value, which again repre- 
sents the amount you owe the bank at 
that point, will be $69,165. Your 
profit is then $1735; i.e., $70,9000 
(sale price) minus $69,165 (month 
12 bank loan balance) equals $1735 
(profit). Had you sold the house for 
$70,000 at the end of the fifth month, 
your profit would have been approxi- 
mately AVi times higher than waiting 
an additional seven months to 
achieve your firm asking price of 
$70,900. 



Program Construction and 
Execution 

Initialization is in lines 190-200. 
Line 190 sets needed pointers for 
the input routine, while line 200 
finds variable space for a maximum 
of 100 nonconsecutive cash flows 
and the number of consecutive en- 
tries for each. 

The input routine is from lines 
260-470. After this step, the comput- 
er retains variables CF(X) (cash flow), 
N(X) (periods of consecutive cash 



ASSUMED INTEREST RATE PER PERIOD 1.5% 
CASH FLOW DETAIL 



PERIOD 
NUMBER 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

FUTURE VALUE = $69165.1 



CASH FLOW 
AMOUNT 

-20000 
-15000 
- 10000 

-7000 

-8000 




NO. OF CONSECTUTIVE 
SIMILAR CASH FLOWS 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
7 



Fig. 3. Hard copy summary of sample analysis. 



flows) and C (the number of different 
entries). 

Next, the computer receives your 
assumed interest rate, lines 530-550, 
and stores it in decimal form in the 
variable II. 

Next is the calculation routine, 
lines 610-670. These lines may be 
used in your own financial program 
and will store the correct answer in 
variable FV if the above retained var- 
iables contain the appropriate value 
and II contains the decimal equiva- 
lent of the interest rate compounded 
per period. 

The video display sequence, line 
730, simply displays the future value 
on the screen. 

Lines 790-830 ask if a hard-copy 
printout is desired, and if so goes to 
lines 1070-1 180 (the hard-copy print- 
out routine); otherwise the program 
continues to flow as follows. 

The program asks if a new assumed 
interest rate is desired (lines 890- 
910), and if so goes to the interest re- 
quest routine. 

The next routine, lines 970-1010, 
asks if you want a complete rerun. If 
so, it activates the run command; if 
not, it ends.H 



Circle 206 on Reader Service card. 



TRS-80 M -WHY BUY DIRECT? 



Buying a GENUINE TRS-80 direct, literally, means buying from 
the Tandy Warehouses in Fort Worth. For the end user this is not 
possible. However, the closer a retailer is located to the source 
the lower his cost per unit and the closer his buyer can come to 
"almost" buying direct. WE ARE CLOSER so WE SELL LOWER. 
It only takes a FREE phone call to verify this FACT. 



WARRANTY: 



ONLY A GENUINE TRS-80 purchased 
from an Authorized-Outlet can have 
the Radio Shack Warranty. 
BUYER BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. 




SAVE SALES TAX* 
PLUS DISCOUNT 

•TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD ONLY 4% 



"WE ARE CLOSER" 



FORT WORTH COMPUTERS 




|0%vv^ w t *^W*> »rt W. W »- ■■i»»«l- l ■«»-%.— *».»— »-l~^»l » — ^WWNW^W 



IN TEXAS CALL 817-573-4111 

TOLL FREE ORDER NUMBER: 1 -SOO^aS-A-V-E 




TM: TRADE MARK OF THE TANDY CORPORATION 



377 PLAZA GRANBURY • FORT WORTH • TEXAS 76048 



68 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 309 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 166 on Reader Service card. 




§i 



FRICTION FEED FOR YOUR EPSON 

MX- 70 *• MX- 80' 

• MX 70 and MX-80 are Trademarks of EPSON. Inc 



• Converts your printer for friction 
feed of SINGLE SHEETS or ROLL 
PAPER. 

• SIMPLE Installation (all you need 
is a screwdriver, no soldering). 

• Tractor feed remains 
undisturbed. 

. Only $ 39 95 




(add $1.50 for postage) 



SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR YOUR MONEY BACK 



TEACHING 

WILL NEVER BE 
THE SAME AGAIN ! 



WastfCo'd 




vrsA 



MICRO-GRIP, Ltd. 
P. O. Box 4278 



VISA & Master Card Accepted Norton AFB CA 92 409 

(714) 864-6643 





INTRODUCING 

TbRRi ceLLi 
acitboR 

A powerful authoring and 
presentation program that 
allows teachers without pro- 
gramming experience to create 
effective training and education 
courses. Specifically designed 
for Business, Industry, Educa- 
tion and Home use. 
Features include: 

• Built-in full screen editor 
using WordStar™ com- 
mands for rapid on-screen 
editing and course genera- 
tion. 

• Creation of courses for mass 
distribution is fully sup- 
ported. 20% royalties for 
courses submitted for our 
courseware catalog. 



Requires CP/M™ 2.2, 48K, and 
24 x 80 CRT. Available on 8" 
(3740) Single Density Disk. 
Contact distributors for other 
formats. 

Package includes: Torricelli 
Author program, a linear 
presentation program, com- 
plete documentation, two 
courses of instruction and 
description of the entire educa- 
tional software line. 5295 

California residents add 6% tax. 
Visa/MasterCard accepted. 

*CP/M is a trademark of 

Digital Research. 
•WordStar is a trademark of 

Micro Pro Int. 

THE ANSWER 
IN COMPUTERS 

6035 University Avenue, #7 
San Diego, CA 92115 
714-287-0795 



Circle 180 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 78 on Reader Service card. 



Super 
Compuprism 

Color Graphics 



Hi 



* « ■ * ' 



^ttttt! 



MM 



For the S-lOO Bus 32K of on board memory 

allows a 288 H. x )92V dot matrix, for a total 

of 55,296 pixels Every pixel is progromable in 

any one of 1 6 colors or 1 6 grey levels 

completely independent of all other pixels in the 

matrix. 

Compuprism Bare Board with documentation 

S45, kit $240, ass and tested $280 

(16K Memory 144H. x 192V.) 

Super Compuprism Bare Board with 

documentation $50, kit $350, ass and tested 

$395 

(32K Atemory 288H. x 192V ) 

Add $ 1 5 to A & T price for ) 6 ievef grey scale 

Add $ 1 5 to A & T price for memory 

management port 

Compuprism software package, includes alpa- 
numberics, point plot, line draw, and TRS-80* 
graphics simulation $20 or FREE with A & T unit. 



Z-80 Users 

Yew Can Usel 

TRS-80 * 

Software 

We offer an assembled hardware 
interface which we guarantee 
will load data from TRS-80* 
cassettes into any Z-80 based 
system. (Except sealed units.) 
The documentation explains how 
to patch the TRS-80* software 
to your system. In fact you can 
virtually change your Z-80 
machine into a TRS-80* without 
making a single hardware 
change The documentation also 
includes an example of patching 
SARG0N II** into a Z-80 
system . 

The price is $30 or FREE with the| 
purchase of an assembled 
compuprism or super compuprism 
unit. 

AD, DA Board 

S- 1 00 board provides 1 6 chan- 
nels of analog to digital input 
and 8 channels of digital to 
analog output. With on board 
kluge area. Total cost of board 
and parts less than $120. Bare 
board with documentation $45. 



Go FORTH 




and Prosper 



* 



ALL COD ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN 72 HOURS 4MHz MOD FOR S D. SYSTEMS. 
EXPAND0RAM $10 

J.E.S. GRAPHICS, P.O. Rex 2752 
Tulsa, OK 74101, 19181 742-7104 

TRS-80* is a trademark of Tandy Corp. 

SARGON II** is a trademark of Hayden Book Co. 



With Timin FORTH, the unusually fast, elegant and versatile superset of 
FIG FORTH. 

Lifeboat Associates offers this powerful, threaded, interpretive and struc- 
tured language including a memory resident operating system, text editor, 
assembler and debugger. This extended FORTH is also enhanced by: 

a visual screen editor with string search and replace 

CP/M-80 file format compatibility 

many additional FORTH words 

array handling (implemented in machine code) 

FORTH assembler for 8080/Z80TM machine instructions 

full floating-point capability 

Use this complete interactive software development system to slash soft- 
ware development time and shrink system memory requirements. 

For more information about Timin FORTH or any of the other 200+ soft 
ware packages available for use in professional, personal, and program- 
ming environments under SB-80TM or other CP/M® -80 compatible 
operating systems, IBM PC DOS, or MSTM-DOS (SB-86) contact. 

Lifeboat Associates, 1651 Third Avenue, NY, NY 10028. (212) 860-0300. 
TWX: 710-581-2524 (LBSOFT NYK); Telex. 640693 (LBSOFT NYK). 

SB-80. SB-86, trademarks Lifeboat Associates 

MS, trademark Microsoft. Inc. 

/.8<). trademark Zilog. Inc. 

CP/M. registered trademark Digital Research. Inc 

Copyright 1982. by Lifeboat Associates 



Microcomputing, September 1982 69 



The One 
Printer Solution 



Centronics' Printstation 350 Series answers office needs. 



Centronics recently announced a 
completely new printer family 
intended as a one printer solution to 
multiple office needs. A second new 
office printer is now available (see 
sidebar). 

Billed as a new generation of print- 
ers, the Centronics Printstation 350 
Series was designed to offer answers 
to virtually all office needs. Combin- 
ing new technology with the best in 
existing printer ideas, it offers users a 
creative combination of answers to a 
variety of office problems at a reason- 
able cost. 

The 350 Series are dot matrix print- 
ers, with all the traditional ad- 
vantages of dot matrix over impact 
printers. They are faster and much 
quieter than impact printers and 
have a graphics capability that allows 
them to produce high-quality dia- 
grams, charts and special, user-de- 
signed symbols. They are capable of 
200 characters per second in the data 
processing mode. 

The 350 Series printers also have a 
built-in correspondence quality 
mode. This multi-pass capability 
slows the machines to 50 characters 
per second, but allows them to pro- 
duce a print that readers will not be 
able to distinguish from impact print 
without close examination. The qual- 
ity is high enough for business corre- 
spondence, report generation and 
book-length manuscript production. 

The machines are designed to 
switch quickly and easily from fan- 




The Centronics Printstation 353. 



Reprinted with permission from Desktop Com- 
puting, April 1982. 



70 Microcomputing, September 1982 



fold to cut-paper application. While 
many printers can theoretically 
handle either, in most cases changing 
from one to another is a complex and, 
at times, dirty job. On the 350 Series 
changing from fan-fold to cut-sheet 
paper is simply a matter of backing 
the fan-fold paper out of the printer 
and moving a lever. This takes ad- 
vantage of one of the printers' more 
distinctive capabilities— the ability to 
feed cut sheets forward or backward. 
This ability is at the heart of the Se- 
ries 350' s unique approach to loading 
stationery and other cut sheets for 
printing. Virtually all computer 
printers today either accept sheets 



typewriter-style, making it necessary 
to put the sheets in upside down and 
backward, or take them from under- 
neath. The Series 350 printers accept 
sheets from above and in front of the 
roller. They simply roll them down- 
ward along the same track they will 
follow while being printed. Further- 
more, they include an automatic 
alignment mechanism that insures 
that each sheet is correctly positioned 
as it goes into the machine. 

Hidden Tractor Feeds 

Another distinctive aspect of the 
printers' design that facilitates chang- 
ing paper is the placement of the trac- 



tor feeds. Virtually every printer on 
the market puts these above the 
printhead so they can pull fan-fold 
paper through. 

This eliminates design problems in 
the paper feed, but wastes a sheet of 
paper every time a user removes a 
document from the machine. The 
Centronics Printstation 350 Series' 
tractor feeds are below the printhead, 
where they push the paper through 
the machine. This arrangement saves 
paper by allowing the user to tear off 
forms an inch above the printhead. 

The printers are designed to handle 
up to six-part forms and can take 
either top or bottom glued forms. 
They cannot accept card forms, how- 
ever. They accept up to 15-inch- wide 
fan-fold paper and 12-inch-wide cut- 
sheets. The reason for the narrower 
cut-sheet paper is that it must fit be- 
tween the non-removable tractors 
when it is inserted into the machine. 
Form lengths are almost totally ad- 
justable thanks to the programmable 
aspect of the new printers. 

Simplified Design 

Maintenance is another major issue 
that Centronics has addressed in sev- 
eral ways. It has minimized the need 
for major service by building very de- 
pendable machines. The modular de- 
sign has eliminated many moving 
parts, and the printers have tested to 
3000 hours of mean time between 
failures, averaging out to a full year 
between maintenance calls. When 
repairs are needed, the modular de- 
sign allows technicians to unplug the 
offending part and replace it, result- 
ing in a very fast turnaround. 

Centronics has also simplified nor- 
mal office maintenance. The print- 
heads (the part that gets the most 
wear) are designed to snap in simply, 
making it possible for office staff 
members to change printheads with 
out calling in a technician. 

The messiest maintenance job- 
changing the ribbon— is also the most 
frequent. Centronics has addressed 
this problem in two ways. First, it 
provides a long-life ribbon with a 
10-million-character capacity. Sec- 
ond, when a ribbon does have to be 
changed, the operator does not have 
to thread it through the printhead. In- 
stead, each ribbon comes pre- 
threaded through a clip that snaps in- 
to place on the printhead, eliminating 
direct handling of the ribbon. 

"Special" Standard Features 

The machines contain a program- 



mable computer chip, which con- 
tains eight resident character sets. 
This allows the printers to handle 
British, French, German, Italian, 
Swedish, Finnish, Danish, Norwe- 
gian and Spanish characters. Another 
chip contains a 2000-character buf- 
fer, allowing it to hold a business let- 
ter or memo in its memory while 
printing it, freeing the computer for 



other uses. In addition, the firmware 
does automatic self-diagnosis on the 
machines when they are turned on, 
identifying any problems. 

These features, Centronics points 
out, are standard on these machines. 
Centronics expects the price range, 
from $1795 for the basic 200 CPS 
Data Processing version to $2495 for 
the high-end machine with multi- 



Centronics' Graphics Printer 



Centronics Data Computer 
Corp. now offers the Model 122 
graphics dot matrix printer, a 
heavy-duty printer suited for both 
data processing and business ap- 
plications. 

The Model 122 is an industrial 
grade, 132-column data processing 
printer combined with standard 
pin-addressable graphics for 
business processing or design 
graphics applications. You can se- 
lect standard alphanumeric print- 
ing and pin-addressable graphics, 
and you also have the choice of six- 
or eight-pin graphics. This flex- 
ibility makes the Model 122 
software-compatible with the Cen- 
tronics Model 739, giving the user 
a broad base of readily available 
software packages to perform ap- 
plications such as trend analysis, 



business graphics, pie charts, bar 
codes, CAD/CAM draft plots, and 
data processing printing. 

Standard features of the Model 
122 graphics include 120 cps bidi- 
rectional, logic seeking printing in 
the monospaced alphanumeric 
mode; unidirectional, logic seek- 
ing printing in the graphics mode; 
six- or eight-pin graphics, select- 
able forms length (from 3V2 inches 
to 15 l /2 inches in Winch incre- 
ments), selectable lines per inch 
(6, 9 or 18 lpi), "clean hands" rib- 
bon cassette and seven resident in- 
ternational character sets. 

The Model 122 also offers ad- 
justable tractor feed, five-part 
forms capability and graphics reso- 
lution of 72 dots per inch vertically 
and 70 dots per inch horizontally. 

Cost of the printer is $1195.B 




The Centronics Model 122 graphics dot matrix printer. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 71 



pass word processing capabilities, 
will make the machines an attractive 
buy for an office with multiple 
printer needs. 

Finally, Centronics has packed all 
these nice features into surprising- 
ly small and light machines with an 
attractive design that fits easily 
on a desk. 

About the only feature Centronics 
has not yet included is an automatic 
feed mechanism for cut paper. This is 
used extensively in heavy word pro- 
cessing applications where multiple 
copies of letters are to be printed. A 
firm spokesman, however, promises 
that such a device is just around the 
corner and will be offered as a future 
option. 

Centronics is planning world-wide 
distribution of the new Printstation 
and is already dropping hints about 
another new office printer to be in- 
troduced later this year. With these 
and other new products announced 
last year, plus the new capital and ex- 
panded manufacturing capabilities, 
the company has every reason to an- 
ticipate a bright future, while users 
can look forward to better office 
printers. ■ 



Fall. 1981 



Mr . Thomas Jones 
1981 Printer Place 
Boston, MA 16745 

Dear Mr. Jones 

We are pleased to demonstrate the latest advancement in dot matrix 
printers by Centronics, the CPS 353. The CPS 353 provides near 
l«ttsr quality printing at 50 cps for correspondence documents 
and standard 7x8 matrix printing at 200 cps for data processing 
environments. Other features on the Model 353 include pin addressable 
graphics, up to 10 character pitches, and liquid crystal display to 
indicate function status and selection. In addition, the Model 353 
provides 96 character USASCII and 7 international character sets, plus 
the capability of a 96 character customer programmable character set. 

The CPS 350 series is designed as a universal machine, Incorporating 
fan-fold, cut sheet and demand document paper handling systems as well 
as RS232 and Centronics parallel interfaces. Also included is a 
power system which allows shipment of one model to satisfy foreign 
and domestic markets. Coupled with high reliability and low cost of 
ownership, the CPS 353 satisfies the most diverse price/performance 
requirements . 

This concludes our product demonstration, and we are confident you will 
agree that the CPS 353 sets the performance standard for quality 
dot matrix printers in 1981. 



Sincerely, 

Centronics Oata Computer Corporation 



Correspondence-quality print from the Printstation 353. 



Business 



Wayne Green International 

You can introduce your products to the European market without leaving your office. All you need is a 
phone and the best advertising liaison between here and Europe— Wayne Green International We 
represent four of the largest microcomputing magazines in Europe that will help you introduce and 
make your product known in the European market. 




MICRO DIGEST 

MICRO DIGEST is the newest resource 
for American businessmen to rely on 
for the best exposure overseas. The first 
publication of its kind. MICRO DIGEST 
caters to dealers, reps, OEMs and im- 
porters of micro and mini products. MD 
is the organ of the European Microcom- 
puter Publishers Association (EMPA), 
publishers of the four largest com- 
puting magazines on the continent. 
MICRO DIGEST is published in 
English, French. German and Italian, 
and reaches a market of 312 million 
people. Make MICRO DIGEST your best 
ally in the European micro market. 



CHIP 

The German-speaking market has an 
exceptional sales potential. CHIP, the 
leading German magazine for desktop 
computers, will help you to make this 
market your own. Over 65% of the 
CHIP readership deals with computers 
in their business or profession. With its 
reputation for excellence and a paid cir- 
culation of 62.913*. CHIP is your direct 
line to the German microcomputer 
market. 

•IVW Auditing (ABC Equivalent), 2nd 
quarter, 1981 




MICRO & PERSONAL 
COMPUTER 

MICRO & PERSONAL COMPUTER, 
the most sophisticated microcomput- 
er magazine in the world, is the ideal 
media for introducing and marketing 
computer products in the Italian 
market today. 

WAYNE GREEN 
INTERNATIONAL 

The European Micro-Media Specialists 
Peterborough. N H 03458 1603)924 7138 



To receive further information on 
these magazines, write or call: 

Piergiorgio Saluti 

Wayne Green International 

Peterborough. New Hampshire 03458 

(603)924-7138 



72 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 137 on Reader Service card.— 






Q li A S .ft R 







\ 



\ 






\ 



iTE U) 






One picture is worth 
a thousand numbers. 

Introducing the new wide-tape Quasar" 4-Color 
Plotter, driven by the portable with the speed and 
power of a desktop computer. 

Coupled with the sophisticated Quasar Hand-Held 
Computer, this advanced, 80-character plotter turns 
dry statistics into dramatic graphics anytime, any- 
where. Makes analysis easier, presentations more 

exciting. 

The Quasar HHC is actually a desktop computer 
you can take with you. Its heart is a fast, powerful 
6502 microprocessor, with powerful programming 
languages— Microsoft BASIC, SnapBASIC and 
SnapFORTH, and high-memory capacity of up to 
8KB RAM and 16KB ROM internal, expandable with 
external Memory Modules and ROM's or EPROM's in 
capsules. Operates on rechargeable NiCad batteries 
and retains data with power off. 



r 














CJ> 



\m« 



<a "» 




iNRan* 




The Quasar mainframe has a complete range of 
intelligent peripherals including a new 40-Character 
Printer Telephone Modem Cassette Interface. 
RS232 Interface, Color TV Adaptor. I O Adaptor that 
works with up to 6 peripherals. 

That means the Quasar HHC system can be your 
personal computer and database. or portable terminal 
that interacts with a large, central computer, or sup- 
plementary system to host computers for data retriev- 
al, collection and transfer. 

An expanding array of snap-in software includes 
modelling programs for 'what if" alternatives, pro- 
grams for time-billing professionals, financial calcula- 
tions, and many others for scientific, engineering, 
marketing and business applications. 

For a complete information kit. write Quasar HHC 
Dept.. or use Reader Service Card. 



Portable Computer Systems 



For HHC system tailored to your specific application contact System House/OEM: 



Quasar HHC Distributors: 



Albany, CA 
415-525-1113 



rilCiKOVKIKl 



Simi Valley, CA 
805-522-9629 



303-695-8751 



Chicago, IL 
312-867-9200 



704-637-6183 



Dunedin, FL 
813-736-5154 



Columbia City, 
219-422-6552 



71 3-468-4394 41 2-782-3770 



212-445-4225 



415-227-4258 
] Inc. 



QUASAR COMI 






>AN> . im isior ol Matsushita I ectric Corporation ol America, 9401 West Grand Avenue, Franklin Park. IL 60131 (312) 451-1200 



Beyond 64K 
For the Apple 



For all you doubting Thomases who thought the Apple was limited to 
64K RAM, we give you memory to spare from Saturn Systems. 

By Donald J. Black 



Most owners of the 48K Apple II 
can accept the idea of adding 
16K RAM. 64K bytes seems natural. 
But more than 64K seems to be hard to 
understand. What do you do, for in- 
stance, with Saturn Systems' 32K 
RAM board? 

The product is, in fact, quite useful. 
The organization of the Apple II lends 
itself nicely to an extra 32K of RAM. 
Using it isn't as easy as upgrading 
memory from less than 48K. But with 
some clever software you can make 
good use of the extra memory. 

One common approach is to put 
your disk operating system (DOS) and 
the "alternate" (non-ROM) Basic in 
the extra memory. This frees practi- 
cally all of the lower 48 for user 
programs. 

Another approach is to use the extra 
memory like a high-speed cassette or 
disk file. You can save and retrieve 
programs and data. This is much 
faster than cassette or disk (of course, 



the RAM must be reloaded every time 
you turn off the power; it's not a per- 
manent memory like cassette or disk) . 

Other specific applications have 
been modified to take advantage of 
the increased memory available. For 
example, there are now programs 
available to modify VisiCorp's Visi- 
Calc so that you may have a larger 
workspace. 

And there are lots of other potential 
uses. One nice aspect of RAM is its 
flexibility. It's easy to change the use 
of the RAM from application to appli- 
cation. Just load a different program, 
and off you go. 

As usual, the answer to effective 
use of new hardware lies in the soft- 
ware. Most of the expansion RAM 
boards come with supporting soft- 
ware. Don't buy one that doesn't. 

It certainly doesn't make sense to 
consider using expansion RAM un- 
less you already have 48K of "nor- 
mal" RAM. If you have less than 



48K, it's cheaper to buy addition- 
al RAM and plug it into the Ap- 
ple. For that reason, this article 
assumes you have 48K of "normal" 
RAM. The suppliers of expansion 
RAM boards make the same assump- 
tion. I call the extra RAM "expansion 
RAM" because it expands your sys- 
tem beyond 48K. 

Addressing Memory 

To understand how the expansion 
boards work, you need to know how 
a computer addresses memory. 
Whenever the computer wants to re- 
fer to a memory location, it must 
specify which one it wants. Each 
memory location has a unique name. 
The name for each memory location 
is called its address. Each address 



Address correspondence to Donald J. Black, 
Micro Solutions, Inc., 411 Barber Ave., Ann Ar- 
bor, MI 48103. 




Saturn Systems' 32K RAM board. 



74 Microcomputing, September 1982 




The Apple with a 32K RAM board installed. 



specifies one memory location. Ad- 
dresses are usually integers between 
zero and some upper limit. The col- 
lection of available addresses is 
called the address space. 

The Apple's 8-bit 6502 micropro- 
cessor can specify 65,536 different 
addresses. Thus, at any time it can 
address one of 64K different memory 
locations. The addresses are integers 
between zero and 65,535. Since pro- 
grams running on an Apple can ad- 
dress all 64K locations, the address 
space for any program running on an 
Apple is the same 64K. (Note that not 
all of those addresses are necessarily 
meaningful. If you have less than 48K 



RAM, your program can look for lo- 
cations for which there is no mem- 
ory. If you do this, results are 
unpredictable.) 

The normal Apple memory organi- 
zation provides 48K addresses for 
RAM, 4K addresses for I/O and 12K 
addresses for ROM. Addresses from 
through 49,151 (0 through BFFF 
hexadecimal) are normally RAM. 
49, 152 through 53,247 (C000 through 
CFFF) are used for I/O. 53,248 
through 65,535 (D000 through FFFF) 
are normally ROM. 

This organization provides a use for 
all of the address space. This is, of 
course, reasonable. It means, how- 



ever, that any additional memory 
must share the same address space. 
In other words, to access memory on 
the expansion board, you must turn 
off some other memory. The I/O por- 
tion of the address space is not a 
viable candidate. For one thing, I/O 
references are used to turn the expan- 
sion memory on and off. Further- 
more, programs in the expansion 
memory might want to do I/O. This 
leaves the RAM and ROM portions of 
the address space for potential shar- 
ing. The Apple bus structure pro- 
vides for disabling the normal ROMs. 
Thus, the ROM portion of the ad- 
dress space is the common choice for 




128K RAM board. The 64K board is identical; it is a half-populated 128K board. 

Microcomputing, September 1982 75 












UltlCALC MOftKtPACC KIMO*/ 



MMDI MfllHl 



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■U VMJM Mi W IP ffVi P MW 



V 



.T„r„T_T_T_T_tT_T_ 



-Ir2rl, 



EXPAND VISICALC® ON APPLE® II 



Do you need more memory 
for your VisiCalc models? 
Would you like to see them in 
80 column display? Do you 
want hard disk support? 

Then you need one of 
Saturn's VisiCalc expansion 
systems. For a fraction of the 
cost of a larger computer, 
you can create models you 
never dreamed possible on 
an Apple II. 

With Saturn board(s) and 
software, you can increase 
your workspace to as much 
as 177K. With additional 




hardware, you can get 80 col- 
umn display and lower case 
letters. You can even use the 
Nestar hard disk system, if 
you wish. 

Saturn's VC-Expand pro- 
grams allow you to use the 
entire displayed VisiCalc 
matrix, and to save your large 
models on more than one 
diskette. 

You can also use your 
Saturn boards to expand user 
programming capabilities, or 
to simulate a disk drive under 
DOS, PASCAL, or CP/M." 



Ask your retail computer 
store salesperson about 
Saturn's memory expansion 
systems. See how much big- 
ger and better your VisiCalc 
models can become. 



VisiCalc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp. 

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc 

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Corporation 



# 



INC. 



P.O. Box 8050 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107 

(313)973-8422 



76 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 1 1 7 on Reader Service card. 



A 32K card with 
your alternate Basic and DOS 
would justify the price without 

other applications. 
But this is only the beginning. 



sharing with expansion memory. 
When the expansion memory is en- 
abled, the ROM area is disabled (al- 
though there is a middle ground, 
which I will discuss later). 

Sharing the ROM area probably 
makes the most sense from the pro- 
grammer's point of view. That makes 
the maximum amount of RAM avail- 
able when the expansion memory is 
enabled. It also means the expansion 
memory can simulate such firmware 
cards as Applesoft or Integer Basic. 

Since the expansion RAM cards are 
larger (have more memory) than the 
ROM area available for sharing, not 
all of the expansion memory can be 
enabled at one time. Most expansion 
RAM cards use 16K- by 1-bit RAM 
chips for the actual memory. Multi- 
ples of eight chips (for 8-bit bytes) 
provide multiples of 16K-byte blocks 
of memory. (Some cards are coming 
on the market using 64K- by 1-bit 
memory chips. These will provide 
multiples of 64K-byte blocks of 
memory.) The ROM area is only 12K 
bytes, however. Only 12K of expan- 
sion RAM can be enabled at any time. 
To accommodate this, the expan- 
sion memory cards have the follow- 
ing organization. The memory is 
divided into 16K blocks. Each 16K 
block is further divided into an 8K 
bank and two 4K banks. 

As mentioned above, the expansion 
memory is selected by making mem- 
ory references to the appropriate ad- 
dresses in the I/O portion of the ad- 
dress space. The exact addresses de- 
pend on the slot containing the card. 
Naturally, the memory reference in- 
struction to disable a bank cannot be 
in the bank itself. If it were, the bank 
would be disabled for the instruction 
following the memory reference. The 
next instruction would come from 
ROM or some other bank. There is a 
very small chance that this arrange- 
ment would be useful. In any case, it 
would be poor programming prac- 
tice. Clearly you can't enable a bank 
with instructions in that bank. If the 

-Circle 1 17 on Reader Service card. 



bank is not enabled, you can't access 
the bank to execute the instructions. 
Only one bank should be enabled 
at any time. To switch from one bank 
to another, you should disable the 
first bank before you enable the sec- 
ond. This means you shouldn't en- 
able one bank with instructions in an- 
other bank. (Note, though, that if 
your program is in the 8K bank, it can 
switch 4K banks as desired.) 

This means that using the expan- 
sion memory requires some support 
code in the lower RAM area. You at 
least need instructions to enable or 
disable the desired banks. Basic pro- 
grams require machine-language 
subroutines to switch between Basic 
(in ROM or expansion memory) and 
expansion memory. Basic programs 
probably need other machine-lan- 
guage subroutines to use the expan- 
sion memory, too. 

A number of uses for expansion 
memory spring to mind. First, of 
course, it can simulate the firmware 
cards or language card. You can have 
both Integer Basic and Applesoft in 
the ROM area of the address space. 
Switching from ROM Basic to the al- 
ternate Basic becomes much faster. 
Also, you don't lose the RAM space 
for the alternate Basic. This would be 
useful if you use both Basics. 

To enable expansion memory, you 
select one of the 16K blocks. The 8K 
bank and one of the 4K banks are en- 
abled. You may select either 4K 
bank. You may not enable both 4K 
banks at the same time. With a 32K 
card, there are four possible combi- 
nations of banks which can be en- 
abled. There are two 8K banks, and 
each 8K bank has two corresponding 
4K banks. 

What It Means to You 

The 16K blocks are independent of 
each other. Within a 16K block, 
either 4K bank can be enabled with 
the 8K bank. Usually, though, you 
will consider that you have a 12K 
bank and a 4K bank. 

For each selection of banks, there 
are four possible settings. Both RAM 
read and RAM write may be on or 
off. The four settings are: 

1. RAM read on, RAM write on 

2. RAM read on, RAM write off 

3. RAM read off, RAM write on 

4. RAM read off, RAM write off 
Case 1 is a normal setting for using 
the expansion memory as RAM. Case 
2 simulates a ROM. Once the RAM is 
loaded (using a RAM write setting), 
the RAM can be write-protected. 



Circle 169 o n Reader Service card. 

ELCOMP 



Dealers welcome 1 



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and SOFTWARE 
For ATARI PET-OSI -APPLE II-6S02-VIC 20-S.neleir-Time* 



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Iatmona 1 

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Order No 152 



Handbook for 6502 



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Inventory Contr No 7215 $24 95 

NEW 1 ATEXT 1 

This new wordprocessor in 
| machine language (HK) tor all 
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the best price performance ever 
23 editor control commands. 
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horizontal strolling (up to 25b 
char per line) Include command 
on disk* 

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Complex Sound Generation 

New revised applications manual 
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Small Busmen Programs 
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Microcomputer Hardware Hand 
book (H4'j pages) 
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microprocessor ami support chips 
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Cera and Feeding of 
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hardware. Im ludes iep.nr 
interl.ii my nilnriii.itiiin 
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Prototype Expansion Board for 
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Wordprocessor f. VIC 20.8 K RAM 
Order No. 4870 $19 95 

Mailing List for VIC 20.16kRAM 
Order No. 4883 $14 95 

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information foi VC >N) 

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Order No. 4885 



INPUT/OUTPUT 
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bus. Any combination of RAM 
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and TIMEX 1000 

Machine Language Monitor 

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Programming in BASIC end 

machine language with 

ZX 81(82) or TIMEX 1000 

Order No. 140 (book) 89 9) 



ELCOMP Publishing. Inc., 53 Redrock Lane 
Pomona. CA 91766. Phone: (714) 623 8314 
Payment: Check. Money Order. VISA. Mestercherge. Eurocheck 
POSTPAID on PREPAID in USA. $5.00 handling fee for COD. 
All orders outside USA: Add 15% shipping CA add 6.5% sale* ta*. 
ATARI it a registered tredemerk of ATARI Inc APPLE is e registered 
trademark of APPLE Inc PETWIC 20 is a trackjmerkofj 



Microcomputing, September 1982 77 



Circle 87 on Reader Service card. 



RS-232 PROBLEMS? 



ft. 






LET THE RS-232 TESTER HELP YOU 
SOLVE YOUR COMPUTER INTERFACE 
PROBLEMS. DESIGNED TO CONNECT 
IN SERIES WITH ANY RS-232 INTER- 
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LINES: TRANSMIT DATA, RECEIVE 
DATA, REQUEST TO SEND, CLEAR TO 
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DETECT, AND DATA TERMINAL 
READY. THE RS-232 TESTER RE- 
QUIRES NO POWER AND MAY BE 
LEFT IN THE LINE PERMANENTLY. 

$39.95 POST PAID 

B & B ELECTRONICS 

Box 475/MC,Mendota, IL 61342 



Circle 271 on Reader Service card 



DISK DOUBLER PROGRAM 
NOW AVAILABLE 

"DOUBLE THE STORAGE CAPACITY Of YOUR 5V4" DISK- 
ETTES." NOW YOU CAN INCREASE THE SIZE Ol USABLE 
SPACE ON YOUR SS/SD OR SS/DD 5 'A" DISKETTES. 
THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO DOUBLE THE STAN- 
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5 '/« " DISKS. ALL YOU PAY IS A ONE TIME FEE OF $ 1 2 95 
USE THE PROGRAM OVER AND OVER, AS OFTEN AS YOU 
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HURRY. SEND $12.95 U.S., CASH, CHECK OR MONEY 
ORDER TO: 

DISK DOUBLE PROGRAM 

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Nationwide: 1-800-428-7825 ext. 43 

California only: 1-800-428-7824 ext. 43 

California residents add 6% sales tax, Los Angeles 
residents add 6.5% sales tax. Please Include $1.00 
Postage and Handling, all orders shipped within 1 days. 
Disk Doubler Program Copyrfte 1982 

Computer Peripheral- Materials Company. 



Circle 86 on Reader Service card. 



LABELS 



15/16"x3V 
1 up - pin feed 



perM 



white pressure 
sensitive 



PRICE INCLUDES SHIPPING 

Packed 5M per box - Min. order 1 box $14.95 
Check with order - Mass Residents add 5% Sales Tax 

ICHECK-MATE 

P.O. Box 103, Randolph, MA 02368 

Telephone: 617-963 7694 

_CAU^JQLlfREE 1-800-343-7706 

78 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Case 3 is interesting. The RAM 
read is off, but RAM write is on. In 
this situation, memory-read refer- 
ences will fetch data from some other 
source. This might be your normal 
ROM or another memory bank. 
Memory-write references do write 
into this bank. This setting provides a 
convenient way to copy data from 
ROM into expansion memory. You 
could also use this setting to copy 
data from one 16K block to another 
(you should select case 2 for the 
source block and case 3 for the 
destination). 

Case 4 means the block is off. If all 
blocks on all cards are off, you've 
selected the normal ROM. 

A 12K bank is also just the right size 
to contain a disk-operating system 
(DOS). With the right changes, and 
support software in low RAM, a DOS 
can be made to run in expansion 
memory. The support software con- 
sists mainly of code to enable and 
disable the appropriate banks as you 
enter and exit the DOS. Putting the 
DOS in expansion memory frees the 
10.5K of low RAM normally used by 
the DOS. This provides a substantial 
increase in the size of the programs 
you can write. With no other special 
software your Basic program space 
just gained 10K bytes. 

Both the alternate Basic and DOS 
use a 12K bank. Both leave a 4K bank 
unused. Also, if you don't use the 
alternate Basic, you wouldn't want to 
dedicate a 12K bank to it. You might 
also have a firmware or language 
card. Thus, with one 32K card, you 
have 8K, or possibly 20K, available 
for other applications. You might also 
consider more than one expansion 
memory card. 

A 32K card with your alternate 
Basic and DOS would be quite an in- 
crease in capability. It probably 
would justify the price without other 
applications. But this is only the be- 
ginning of potential uses for expan- 
sion memory. 

There are now 64K and 128K 
boards available from Saturn Sys- 
tems. Imagine using VisiCalc with a 
48K Apple II, and 32K and 128K 
RAM boards. This would give you 
177K to work with. 

The nice thing about these applica- 
tions is that they require no program- 
ming by you to use the RAM boards. 
Most users are buying solutions, not 
just untamed computing power. If 
you want to go further, the applica- 
tion package from Saturn Systems 
may be for you. 



Circle 172 on Reader Service card. 



O Dysan 

^CORPORATION 



Solve your dime problem* buy 100% surface 
tested Dysan diskettes. AH orders shipped 
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Circle 163 on Reader Service card. 




Microprocessor Catalog 

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Interface modules SPRINT 60 control computer 
development system, WI2RD multitasking DOS 
assemblers compilers BASIC, cross assemblers, cross 
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BACK ISSUES 




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• FREE BACK ISSUE CATALOGS are 

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when you send your name and address to us 
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Back Issues* Attn. Pauline Johnstone 
80 Pine St. • Peterborough, NH 03458 



Circle 362 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 170 on Reader Service card. 




Color Computer 16K 

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Circle 279 on Reader Service card. 



fuIIFORTH+ 

for 
APPLE/PET 



Full implementation of FIG FORTH 

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Circle 71 on Reader Service card. 



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An Application Package 

Saturn Systems Inc. (3940 Trade 
Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48104) 
offers an application package to take 
advantage of the additional expan- 
sion memory. This package consists 
of a set of subroutines callable from 
either Integer Basic or Applesoft. The 
subroutines provide storage and re- 
trieval of information in expansion 
memory. In a sense, the subroutines 
let you create and access temporary 
files. The files can be accessed much 
faster than disk files, however. 

The primary functions provided 
are: 

• Store a program in expansion 

memory 

• Fetch a program from expansion 
memory and run it (this provides 
chaining) 

• Store a portion of a program in ex- 
pansion memory 

• Fetch a portion of a program (this 
provides overlaying) 

• Store an array in expansion 

memory 

• Fetch an array from expansion 
memory 

• Exchange an array between low 
RAM and expansion memory 
There are other support functions 
such as deleting files. The package 
takes care of keeping track of avail- 
able space. It allocates space for 
new files. It finds existing files when 
requested. The package will use as 
many banks in as many cards as you 
wish. 

With this package you can put fre- 
quently-used programs in expansion 
memory. Then you can load them for 
execution much faster than from 
disk. In a menu-driven system, this 
can be quite useful. You can also do 
your own overlaying within a single 
large program. If you have large vol- 
umes of data, you can effectively in- 
crease the amount of data kept in 
memory. 

Conclusion 

The RAM cards provide an in- 
teresting example of our ability to ex- 
ceed presumed limits. A lot of people 
thought an Apple couldn't have more 
than 48K RAM. They thought an Ap- 
ple certainly couldn't have more than 
64K RAM (the Apple is limited to a 
64K address space, after all). But here 
we are with 80K, 96K and 112K 
(thanks in part to some foresight by 
the Apple designers). The 64K and 
128K cards are now available. And 
beyond that, who knows?B 



CH1PS & 

& DALE 

Specializing in memory Chips 

THE INFLATION 
FIGHTERS! 



Please note: software now 
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Z80A CPU $4.50 

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— RAM— 

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41 16 250 ns 8/$ 12.00 

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Specializing in memory Chips 



Microcomputing, September 1982 79 



A Number Pad 
For Apple II Users 



For people who have lots of data to enter— and only two hands to do 
so— this simple number pad for the Apple is a real time-saver. 



By James J. King 



Entering lots of numerical data 
from the Apple II' s keyboard can 
be tedious and frustrating because 
the numerals are on the top row, and 
you must press the return key at the 
end of the number entry. Using one 
hand at the keyboard is troublesome 
because so much hand movement is 
required— and reset lurks nearby. If 
you use both hands for entering num- 
bers, you might have trouble keeping 
visual contact with the data you are 
reading from. 
A solution in Applesoft is to change 



the meanings of the keys, so that in 
effect a number pad is created from 
the existing keyboard. Because I pre- 
fer to use my right hand for keeping 
track of the data I want to enter, 
I converted the left portion of the 
keyboard. Table 1 represents the 
keys I use for the number pad and 
their meanings. 

The number pad is written as a sub- 
routine. Disk owners might want to 
have the number pad captured in a 
text file to be executed as needed. 
Listing 1 has the number pad at lines 



Listing 1. Apple II keyboard conversion. 



5 REM APPLESOFT 
(LINES 102-109) 
10 TEXT : GOTO 5 

99 REM »»* NUMBE 

100 FOR J = TO 
INITIALIZE KEY SU 

101 DATA 83,49,5 
KEYS S 1 2 3 4 Q 

102 VTAB 10: CAL 
DISPLAY NUMBER SO 
FOR THE "GET" 

103 FOR J = TO 
STR$(J): GOTO 102 

104 NEXT :IF N$ 
REM "D" = "." 

105 IF N$ = "F" 
= "-" (NEGATIVE S 

106 IF N$ = CHR$ 
CHR$(27) = "ESC" 

107 IF N$ = " " 
NUMBER IS COMPLET 

108 IF N$ = "C" 
HAVE BEEN ENTERED 

109 GOTO 102: RE 



EXAMPLE OF A NUMBER PAD AS A SUBROUTINE 

00: REM SKIP OVER NUMBER PAD ROUTINE 
R PAD ROUTINE *** 

9: READ JY(J): NEXT .-RETURN : REM 
BSTITUTI0N 

0,51,52,81,87,69,82,65 : REM ASCII FOR 
W E R A 

L -868-.PRINT EN$;: GET N$: PRINT : REM 
FAR... "PRINT" IS TO SUPPLY "RETURN" 

9: IF ASC(N$) = JY(J) THEN EN$ = EN$ + 
:REM IS N$ ONE OF THE CODED DIGITS? 
= "D" THEN EN$ = EN$ + ».»: GOTO 102: 

THEN EN$ = EN$ + »-": GOTO 102: REM "F" 
IGN) 

(27) THEN EN$ = "": GOTO 102: REM 

= ERROR SO EMPTY EN$ 

THEN RETURN: REM SPACE BAR = THIS 

E SO BACK TO MAIN PROGRAM 

THEN 610: REM "C" = ALL THE NUMBERS 



M A CHARACTER WAS TYPED THAT IS NOT 




100-109. Lines 500 and on are for a 
program to enter data and to calcu- 
late the mean and standard deviation 
of that data. 

Line 100 reads the ASCII values 
from line 101 into the array JY(J). 
Line 102 GETs N$. The PRINT after 
the GET is necessary to provide a re- 
turn not supplied by GET. Line 103 
checks to see if N$ has an ASCII val- 
ue the same as one held in JY(J), and 
if it does, EN$ is concatenated by 
STR$(J), which is a number from to 
9. Line 104 supplies the decimal 
point, and 105 the negative sign. Line 
106 checks to see if the escape key 
was pressed; if so, an error was 
made, so empty EN$. Line 107 
checks to see if the space bar was 
pressed; if so, the number is com- 
plete, so return to main program. 
Line 108 checks to see if C was 
pressed, which would indicate that 
all the numbers had been entered; if 
so, go to 610 to compute the results. 
Line 109 simply catches any other 
character that might have been 
typed. Line 570 calls the subroutine. 
Until you get used to the new 
meanings you might consider placing 
masking tape on the selected keys. Of 
course if you frequently use special 
constants or operations, you could 
define other keys for their use.B 



Address correspondence to Dr. James J. King, 
Assoc. Prof, of Counselor Education, The Univer- 
sity of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI 53818. 



80 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 378 on Reader Service card — 



Listing continued. 

USED FOR THE NUMBER PAD 

500 HOME: DIM EN(150): GOSUB 100 

510 PRINT "ENTER UP TO 150 NUMBERS. .. CALCULATE 

AND STANDARD DEVIATION" 

520 VTAB 3: HATB 10: PRINT "1=1 M=U E=7 ESC=ERROR" 

HTAB 10: PRINT "2=2 Q=5 R=8 SB=0 DONE" 

HTAB 10: PRINT "3=3 W=6 A=9 C=ALL DONE" 

HTAB 10: PRINT "S=0 F='- f D= l . f " 

FOR N = 1 TO 150 

VTAB 8: CALL -868: PRINT "READY FOR I 

GOSUB 102 

EN(N) = VAL(EN$): EN$ = "" 

EN(N): X2 = X2 ♦ EN(N) * EN(N) 



MEAN 



530 

540 
550 
555 
560 
570 
580 
590 
600 
610 
- M*M 



ii 



;N 



SX = SX 
NEXT N 
N = N - 
)) 



1:M = SX / N:D = SQR ( 1 / (N - 1) * (X2 / N 



620 VTAB 15: PRINT "N=";N;" 

630 PRINT "MEAN=";M 

6M0 PRINT "SDEV=";D 

650 END 



SUM X=";SX;" SUM X*X=";X2 



Key Meaning Key Meaning Key Meaning Key Meaning 

1_1 Q=5 A = 9 C = All numbers entered 

2 = 2 W = 6 S = ESC = Error 

3 = 3 E = 7 D=. (decimal point) s-bar = Indicates end of number 

4 = 4 R = 8 F=- (negative sign) 

Table 1. Number pad equivalents the author uses. 



Circle 243 on Reader Service card. 

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THSHO is a Registered trademark of Tandy Corp. 
Computer picture reprinted permission Tandy Corp 
APPLE Is a registered trademark of Apple Computing Inc. 



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SPACE 




Introducing the 
Sinclair ZX81. 

If you 're ever 
going to buy a personal 
computer, now is the time 
to do it. 

The Sinclair ZX81 
is the most powerful, yet 
easy-to-use computer 
ever offered for any- 
where near the price: 
only $99.95* completely assembled. 

Don't let the price fool you. The ZX81 has 
just about everything you could ask for in a per- 
sonal computer. 

A breakthrough in personal computers. 

The ZX81 is a major advance over the origi- 
nal Sinclair ZX80- the first personal computer to 
break the price barrier at $200. 

In fact, the ZX81 's 8K extended BASIC offers 
features found only on computers costing two or 
three times as much. 

Just look at what you get: 
■ Continuous display, including moving graphics 

Sinclair technology is also available in Timex/Sindair computers 
under a license from Sinclair Research Ltd. 



THE $99.95 




COMPUTER 



■ Multi-dimensional 
string and numerical arrays 

■ Mathematical and scien- 
tific functions accurate to 
8 decimal places 
■ Unique one-touch entry 
of key words like PRINT, 
RUN and LIST 

■ Automatic syntax error 
detection and easy editing 

■ Randomize function 
useful for both games and serious applications 

■ 1 K of memory expandable to 16K 

■ A comprehensive programming guide and 
operating manual 

The ZX81 is also very convenient to use. It 
hooks up to any television set to produce a clear 
32-column by 24-line display. It comes with a 
comprehensive programming guide and oper- 
ating manual designed for both beginners and 
experienced computer users. And you can use 
a regular cassette recorder to store and 
recall programs by name. 



Order at no risk.** 

We'll give you 10 days to try out the ZX81 . If 
you're not completely satisfied, just return it to 
Sinclair Research and we'll give you a full refund. 

And if you have a problem with your ZX81, 
send it to Sinclair Research within 90 days and 
we'll repair or replace it at no charge. 

Introducing the ZX81 kit. 

If you really want to save money, and you 
enjoy building electronic kits, you can order the 
ZX81 in kit form for the incredible price of just 
$79.95.* It's the same, full-featured computer, 
only you put it together yourself. We'll send com- 
plete, easy-to-follow instructions on how you can 
assemble your ZX81 in just a few hours. All you 
have to supply is the soldering iron. 

A leader in microelectronics. 

The ZX81 represents the latest technology in 
microelectronics. More than 10,000 are sold 
every week. In fact, the ZX81 is the fastest selling 
personal computer in the world. 

We urge you to place your order for the 
ZX81 today. 

To order. 

To order, simply call toll 
free. Or use the coupon below. 
Remember, you can try it for 
10 days at no risk.** The sooner 
you order, the sooner you can 
start enjoying your own 
computer. 

Call toll free 800-543-3000. 

Ask for operator #509. 
In Ohio call: 800-582-1364; 
in Canada call: 513-729-4300. 
Ask for operator #509. Phones 
open 24 hours a day, 7 days 
a week. Have your MasterCard 
or VISA ready. , 



These numbers are for orders only. If you just 
want information, please write: Sinclair Research 
Ltd., 2 Sinclair Plaza, Nashua, NH 03061. 

*Plus shipping and handling. Price includes connectors for TV and cassette, AC adaptor, and 

FREE manual. 

* * Does not apply to ZX81 kits. 




NEW SOFTWARE: Sinclair has 
published pre-recorded pro- 
grams on cassettes for your 
ZX81. We're constantly coming 
out with new programs, so we'll 
send you our latest software 
catalog with your computer. 



16K MEMORY MODULE: Like 
any powerful, full fledged com- 
puter, the ZX81 is expandable. 
Sinclair's 16K memory module 
plugs right onto the back of 
your ZX81 . Cost is $49.95, plus 
shipping and handling. 




To order call toll free: 800-543-3000 



Ad Code 09KM 



Price* 



Qty. Amount 



ZX81 



ZX81 Kit 



16K Memory Module 



Shipping and Handling 



$99.95 



79.95 



49.95 



4.95 



TOTAL 



$4.95 



MAIL TO: Sinclair Research Ltd., 
One Sinclair Plaza, Nashua, NH 03061 



Name. 



Address. 




The Portable Atari 



Move over, Osborne. This author has hit upon an idea that makes 

the Atari a little easier to carry around. 

By Marvin Shuldman 



I bought an Atari 400 for its superb 
graphics, inexpensive software, 
and educational value; my oldest 
child is only four, but computers are 
like ice cream to kids. When I had 
hooked everything up on the family 
room floor— computer, joysticks, 
tape recorder and 26-inch color TV— 
the picture was so beautiful I could 
read letters from eight feet away. 

The problem was where to put our 
new acquisition. We had no space for 
a table in the room so every time I 
wanted to use the Atari, it would take 
me half an hour to drag everything 
out of the closet. There were two line 



cords, joystick cords, the recorder 
cable and the transformer output 
plug. Putting everything on the floor 
in front of the TV made the room look 
like an engineer's nightmare, and I'd 
begun to dread using the Atari. 

My solution was to mount every- 
thing on one board, so all I'd have to 
do is plug in the TV video cable, and 
plug one line cord into the wall. 

As you can see from Photo 1, every- 
thing is neatly placed. I mounted all 
cables to the board with plastic cable 
clamps. 

Layout is not critical, but you must 
consider electrical safety. I used a 




24x18x1/2 inch formica-covered 
wooden board. A plywood board 
would work just as well. 

First remove the four rubber nip- 
ples on the bottom of the computer 
by just pulling them out. They can be 
pushed back in if you don't need the 
board anymore, so save them. Un- 
screw the four recessed screws from 
the bottom of the computer. The top 
of the computer will then lift up. 
Unplug the keyboard gently from the 
bottom cable and the top will be com- 
pletely free. 

Temporarily place the bottom part 
of the computer where you would 
like it on the board. Using a pencil, 
put a mark in each one of the nipple 
holes. (See Fig. 1.) Also place an ap- 
proximate mark near each of the re- 
cessed mounting holes. 

Remove the computer, and drill 
four holes where the nipple marks 
are for mounting the base to the 
board. Drill a hole about 1/2 inch in 
diameter at each mark you made 
near the recessed base holes, so you 
can stick a screwdriver through the 
bottom of the board to gain access to 
the recessed screws whenever you 
want to remove the top of the com- 
puter. 

Mount the computer base with a 
flathead machine screw through each 
of the four nipple holes. Carefully 
plug in the keyboard top and replace 



Photo 1. I've mounted computer, recorder, power supply and cables firmly to the board. The joysticks at- 
tach with Velcro. 

84 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Address correspondence to Marvin Shuldman, 28 
Tyndall Road, Kendall Park, N] 08824. 



NEW FROM D & N MICRO PRODUCTS, INC. 




MICRO-80 COMPUTER 



Z80A CPU with 4MHz clock and CP/M 2.2 
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2 8" single sided drives, 1.2 meg of 
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Serial printer port, dip switch baud rate 

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Software available in IBM single density 8 " format. 



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Centronics type parallel printer port com- 



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Calendar Clock may be set or read using 
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Power requirements are only 5 volts at 1.4 
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IO-C A1 OX Serial Printer Port $1 25 

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IO-C A9 Parallel Printer Port $1 75 

Centronics standard parallel printer inter- 
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BP-580 8 Slot Backplane $ 47 

Assembled 8 s\ot backplane for OSI 48 pin 
buss 



24MEM-CM9 $380 

16MEM-CM9 $300 

8MEM-CM9 $210 

BMEM-CM9F $ 50 



24MEM-CM9F $530 

16MEM-CM9F $450 

8MEM-CM9F $360 

FL470 $180 



24K memory/floppy controjler card sup- 
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Available fully assembled and tested with 
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Needs separated clock and data inputs. 
Available Bare (BMEM-CM9F) or controller 
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cassette based system 

Circle 293 on Reader Service card. 



C1P-EXP Expansion Interface $ 65 

Expansion for C1 P 600 or 610 board to the 
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Supports 8K of memory, 2 16 bit parallel 
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Fort Wayne, Ind. 46808 

(219) 485-6414 



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L ^ J 



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$395 
$585 
$ 69 

$450 
$ 75 




Disk Drives and Cables 

8"ShugartSA801 single sided 
8 ■ Shugart SA851 double sided 
FLC-6 6f t. cable from D & N or OSI 

controller to 8" disk drive 
5 1/4 " M PI B51 with cable, power 

supply and cabinet 
FLC-5 1/48 ft. cable for connection 

to 5 1/4 drive and D & N or OSI 

controller, with data separator and 

disk switch 
Okldata Microline Printers 
M L 82A Dot Matrix Printer $534 

120 CPS, 80/120 columns, 9.5" paper width, 

friction or pin feed 

ML 83A Same as 82A except $895 

16" paper width, 132/232 columns with 

tractor feed 
ML84Sameas82Aexcept200CPS, $1152 

16" paper width, 132/232 columns, 2K buf- 
fer, dot addressable graphics, with tractor 
feed 

Microcomputing, September 1982 85 



the four screws that go into the re- 
cessed bottom holes in the base of the 
computer. 

The tape recorder is mounted in 
the same way except that the top of 
the recorder never comes off com- 
pletely. Just lay the top off to the side. 
As a precaution, when you screw the 
rear of the base into the wood, cover 
the top of the screws with two layers 
of electrical tape so the wires won't 
touch them. If you have a disk drive 
instead of a cassette recorder, it can 
probably be mounted the same way. 

Another method of mounting is to 
epoxy large Velcro strips on the board 
and its components. You should 
roughen up the surfaces so the epoxy 
will hold a little better. This mounting 
technique is not as secure, but it does 
make it easier to remove the units. I 
mounted the joysticks this way. 

In order to mount the power trans- 
former, screw a closed eyehook into 
the board, on each side of the trans- 
former. Then attach two cable ties or 
string into the eyehooks over the 
transformer. 

I spliced the transformer and re- 
corder line cords together to a ten- 
foot line cord, then enclosed the 



splices in a plastic box filled with 
silicon sealant to make it kid-proof. 
You could also use an extension cord 
with two or more sockets. Place the 
socket side into a plastic box, plug the 
other cords into it and cover the box. 
When you're finished you can 



wrap the video and power cords 
around the computer for storage. You 
may also want to place a handle on 
one or more sides of the board for 
easy carrying. Mounting rubber feed 
on the bottom of the board will pro- 
tect whatever it rests on.M 



O 



LINE CORDS 




VELCRO FOR t 

^JOYSTICKS— % CABLE 

CZZJ 



POWER CABLE 




10ft 



FILL BOX WITH 
SILICON SEALER 



7F 

CABLE TIES 



RECORDER 



o ( 



o 



e e 

^SCREWS THROUGH-' 




NIPPLE HOLES. 

MOUNT 

COMPUTER 



o 



e 



e 



o 



-RECESSED HOLES 



Fig. 1. The diagram shows placement of components on the board, and where to drill access holes. 



Circle 133 on Reader Service card. 



"THE BETTER BOARD 

SB-80 Single Board Computer 

64KRAM 




Fully Assembled and Tested 



Size 16 x 13 
Same as 2 8" floppy 
drives. Requires 
♦ 5V 1.5 Amp 
-5V 10 Amp 
-12V 1 5Amp 



S $ 695. 



CONSTRUCTION 

1 Sockets for all integrated circuits 
1 50 pin connector allows access to 
system for future expansion 

PROCESSOR 

• Z80A with 4 MHZ system clock 
with no wait states 

MEMORY 

• 64K of 200ns dynamic RAM is 
standard 4116 IC's 

• Parity protection is standard 

ROM 

• 256 bytes bootstrap ROM 



2 PARALLEL I/O t 2 SERIAL I/O s 
COUNTER TIMERS 
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER 

OPTIONS: 

• Character video board 80x24 for 
use with black and white monitor 
using a stand alone 

keyboard $215 00 

• Winchester Host Adapter board 
for Shugart SA-1000 or Corvus Hard 
Disk Includes cables $315.00 

• Stand alone keyboard and cable 
plugs mtocomputerboardfor80x24 
video option $190.00 



18"Wx19"Lx8"H 



CPU - DISK DRIVE CABINET 
ACC0MM00ATES: 

' SB-80 • BRI 2000 

DIGITAL RESEARCH The Big Board 
J OTHER SINGLE BOARDS 

Metal cabinet with proportionately balanced air flow- 
convection cooling AC power cord connector lighted 
power switch; Fuse assembly; 0L65 Dual drive power 
supply (Will also power single board CPU) All hardware 
included to mount 2. 8" disk drives Includes space area 
to mount any single board computer Fully assembled 
and tested 

SB— Cabinet Kit $645.00 

SB— Bare Cabinet $135.00 




SS/00 DISK DRIVE SYSTEM 

SB Assembled tested with 2. 8' 
drives 

DO/DD DISK DRIVE SYSTEM 

SB Assembled tested with 2 8" 
drives 



$1425.00 



$1850.00 



8" FLOPPY DISK DRIVES 

Single Sided/Double Density Double Sided/ 
Double Density 

Shugart 800/80 1R $390.00, 2/$770. 00 

Shugart 850/851 R $560.00, 2/$1 100.00 



CP/M* 2 2& BIOS 

CP/M* 2 2 & BIOS modified by S & M systems to run on single board is 

available for 



$200 00 



HOW TO ORDER Phone orders using American Express. Visa. MasterCharge, Bank wire transfer, Cashier s or Certified check, Money Order, or Personal check (allow 10 
days to clear). Please add 5% for shipping, handling and insurance minimum $500.00. Conn, residents add 7 5% sales tax. All equipment is subject to price changes and 
availability without notice All equipment is new and comes complete with manufacturers warranty Showroom prices may differ from mail-order advertisement 



CP/M is a trademark of Digital Reseaich Corp 
1 to 4 piece domestic U S price 



(203) 288-2524 • Telex: 956014 



Colonial Data Services Corp. 

105 Sanford Street Hamden, Conn. 06514 



86 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 70 on Reader Service card. 



!_ — REAL- WORLD 

AD'O APPLE INTERFACE CARD 



Circle 1 1 1 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 303 on Reader Service card. 



• A/D Conversions— 3 DC, 1 AC port! 
»D/A Conversions— Direct or Filtered! 
. 16 User-Defineable I/O Ports! 
.2 Multi-Mode Timers— Interrupt Capability! 
INCLUDES: Board, Manual, Ribbon Cables, & 
Demo Diskette. Included diskette requires DOS 
3.3, 48K, Applesoft firmware. A knowledge of 
machine language will enhance your use of 
this product. 

INTRO PRICE: $99 Add $4 for Postage and 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 87 



Black Friday 



This stock market simulation for the Commodore and Atari 
systems lets you hone your buying and selling skills in preparation 

for the real thing. 

By Robert W. Baker 



This game program provides a real- 
istic simulation of the stock mar- 
ket. It allows one to four players to 
play a game lasting ten years (or 
rounds). 

The original program (see Jan. 1977 
Byte, p. 56) was written for a DEC- 10 
time-sharing system and was not 
easily converted for home computer 
systems. Since then I've rewritten the 
program for both the Commodore 
PET/CBM and the Atari 400/800 sys- 
tems. Both programs are included 
(see Listings 1 and 2). The PET ver- 
sion requires a 16K-byte memory and 
will run on either 40- or 80-column 
machines. The Atari version requires 
24K minimum. 

The object of the game is to 
shrewdly invest $5000 in the game's 
ten securities, buying and selling 
each year in an attempt to become 
the wealthiest player. Each year all 
players receive dividends on every 
paying stock worth $50 or more. 
Then each player gets a chance to sell 
any stocks he owns or buy any stocks 
he wants. 

The player must have enough mon- 
ey to purchase the stocks indicated 
and must actually own the stocks be- 
ing sold. If not, an error message is 
displayed and the player must re-enter 
the transaction. As each transaction is 
completed, the table is updated to 
show the player's new holdings and 
cash on hand. When all players have 
completed their transactions, the 
next year's values are computed and 
the game continues. At the end of ten 
years, each player's net worth is cal- 
culated and the wealthiest player wins! 

If the value of any stock falls to 



Address correspondence to Robert W. Baker, 
15 Windsor Drive, Atco, NJ 08004. 

88 Microcomputing, September 1982 



zero, that stock goes bankrupt and all 
shares are surrendered. The value is 
then re-established at $100. If the 
value reaches $150, stocks will split 
and any players owning shares will 
receive the extra shares. When split- 
ting, the value of the stock is halved 
(rounded up to the next highest dollar). 

The tables printed each year give 
the year number, the type of market 
(bull or bear), the change in value of 
each stock(+/-), the current price, 
and the number of shares each player 
owns of all stocks. Any dividends re- 
ceived for the year will be shown along 
with each player's total cash on hand. 

The available securities and their 
respective dividends per share are 
shown in Table 1. 

Simple Program Description 

Matrix M is used to record each 
player's holdings, cash on hand, and 
dividends or interest for each year. 
The market changes for each year are 
determined by first selecting at ran- 
dom one of the 36 market vectors in 
Matrix A. Each of these vectors can 
be selected only once during the 
game; element 10 is set to 1 when a 
vector is used. 

The data vectors in this matrix al- 



ternately represent bull and bear 
markets. For a bull market, a vector 
is selected from matrix U; for a bear 
market, a vector is selected from 
matrix E. 

This price change vector, again 
selected at random, is added to the 
market vector and stored in vector T 
to record the price change for that 
year. The price changes are also add- 
ed to vector F, which keeps track of 
the current price of each stock. Vec- 
tor I contains the dividends-per-share 
values, and Vector S$ contains the 
valid stock abbreviations. 

Listings 1 and 2 are for Commodore 
and Atari versions of the program. As 
you can see, a fair amount of typing is 
involved, with a number of data 
statements. I'm willing to provide 
copies on tape or disk for either 
system if you'll include $5 to cover 
costs. Anyone overseas, please in- 
clude additional postage. For Com- 
modore systems I can provide 4040 
or 8050 format disks; for Atari 
systems I can only provide DOS 1.0 
format disks for the 810 drive. Tapes 
can be supplied for either system but 
I'd prefer to send disks whenever 
possible. Be sure to let me know ex- 
actly what you want.B 



Abbrev. 


Security name 






Div./Share 


HIB 


Highway Improvement 


Bo 


nds 


$5 


XP 


X-Pando Corporation 






$1 


SP 


Seaside Properties Inc. 






none 


ODM 


Old Dog Mutual Funds 






$4 


RD 


Rubble Development 






$7 


SO 


Slippery Oil Company 






none 


BT 


Bumpy Transportation 






none 


KA 


Krash Auto Company 






$2 


ZE 


Zap Electronics 






$6 


BPL 


Blinkey Power & Light 






$6 


Table 1. Stock market securities 


and dividends. 



HIB— Highway Improvement Bonds (yield 5%). An excellent state bond with good security 
and income potential, but no appreciation. 

XP— X-Pando Corporation (yield 1%). A rapidly expanding industrial firm that reinvests 
most earnings on research, causing low yield. The price-to-earnings ratio is extremely high. 

SP— Seaside Properties Inc. (no yield). Good appreciation prospects but no dividends. In 
the immediate future, however, the proposed beach cleanup program could have great 
effect on earnings. 

ODM- Old Dog Mutual Fund (yield 4%). A common stock mutual fund that represents a 
good, steady income, with only fair appreciation. 

RD— Rubble Development (yield 7%). A high income real estate investment with steadily 
depreciating capital assets. 

SO— Slippery Oil Company (no yield). Very speculative investment since profits go toward 
new oil wells. No dividends are expected. 

BT— Bumpy Transport Company (no yield). High appreciation investment with a good 
outlook depending on the administrative ability of its new board of directors. No dividends 
are expected since all profits are recycled into the company. 

KA— Krash Auto Company (yield 2%). A medium size auto company representing a 
somewhat high price-to-earnings ratio with a low yield. 

ZE— Zap Electronics Inc. (yield 6%). A highly speculative, high income stock with a fair to 
poor long term prospect. 

BPL— Blinkey Power and Light (yield 3%). A steadily growing utility company in an 
established industrial area. 

Table 2. Securities prospectus. 



Listing 1. Black Friday stock market simulation for the Atari 400/800 computers. 



100 
110 
120 
130 
1^0 
150 
160 
. 170 
1H0 
1E)5 
190 
200 
220 
230 
2«0 
250 
260 
290 
300 
310 
320 
325 
330 
340 
350 
360 
370 
380 
382 
384 
386 
390 
395 
400 
410 
45 
460 
470 
472 
475 
476 
480 



REM ***** ATARI BLACK FRIDAY **** 

REM 

REM ROBERT W . BAKER 

REM 

REM 15 WINDSOR DR, ATCO, NJ 08004 

REM 

REM ***************************** 

REM 

DIM Rf (20) ,S$<32> ,C*<20> 

Cf=CHR*(125) :for X=2 TO 20 : CS ( X , X ) =CHR* < 29 ) :next X 

PRINT Ct( 1,5 );•'%•/.•/. BLACK F-RIDAY STOCK MARKET GAME XXX? 

DIM A<36,10>,U<11,9>,E<11,9>,M<4,12>,K10>,T(10>,F<10> 

S%=--"*Hll:.XP SP ODMRD SO BT KA 7.E BPL*" 

PRINT {PRINT " *** INITIALIZING DATA! ***" 

POR X=l TO 10IREAD NJNEXT X 

FOR N=l TO 36: FOR J=l TO 9: READ X 

A(N, J) -X*. NEXT J : NEXT N 

FOR R=l TO 2: FOR N=l TO USFOft J=l TO 9: READ X 

IF R«l THEN U<N,J)=X 

IF R=2 THEN E(N,J)=X 

NEXT J : NEXT NtNEXT R 

REM === STOCK YIELDS (DIVIDENDS) 

DATA 5, 1,0,4,7,0,0,2,6,3 

RESTORE tFOR N=l TO lOtREAD X : I ( N ) " X : F ( N ) =0 : T ( N ) =1 : NEXT 

for n=l to 4: for j=2 to 1 2 : m ( n , j ) =0 : next j : m ( n , 1 ) =50 : ne 

for n=i to 36:a(n,io)=o:next n:y-o 

print c:*<2,5> j "number of players (1 to 4) "j 

INPUT R$:P-VAL(R$)JIF P>4 OR P<1 THEN 370 

REM ■•■•■•»■■•■'■■■ 

REM COMPUTE PRICES 

REM ■■■■•■■■•■■••■ 

PRINT C*(l,2);"*** COMPUTING NEXT YEAR ***" SPRINT ! PRINT 

Wl = : D =INT ( 1 1 *RND ( ) + 1 ) 

OINT(36*RND(0 )+l ) 

IF MC,10) = 1 THEN 40 

FOR N=2 TO lOtIF IN T ( C/Z ) < • INT ( ( C ~ 1 ) /2 ) THEN 47 

r*-"Bull":f<n)=a(c,n-i )+u(D,n- i ) :goto 4bo 
r* = "pear " j f ( n ) ■ a ( c , n- 1 ) +e ( d , n- 1 ) 

REM ■■■■••■■■■•*■■■•-■ 
REM CHECK STOCK SPLITS 
REM ================== 

T(N)=T(N)+F(N) tIF T(N)<150 THEN 530 



N 
XT 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 89 



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90 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Listing 1 continued. 

490 Z=3*(N-l)+2: PRINT "*** " »S*< Z , Z + 2 ) ; " STOCKS SPLIT xx*" 

50 J=INT<T<N>/2> :iF T<N)/2 THEN T<N)=J:G0T0 520 

510 T(N)=J+1 

520 FOR J=l TO Pine J ,N+ 1 > =M < J , N+l > x2 : NEXT J 

522 REM ================== 

525 REM CHECK BANKRUPTCIES 

527 REM ================== 

530 if t(n)>0 then 570 

5^0 t<n)=ioo:for j=i to p:m( j,n+i>=o:next j 

550 Z=3*<N~1 >+2IPRINT "xx* " J S*< Z , Z+2 ) I " WENT BANKRUPT xxx" 

560 PRINT "THESE STOCKS ARE BEING SURRENDERED" 

570 NEXT N 

572 REM ============== 

575 REM UPDATE DISPLAY 

577 REM ============== 

580 FOR N=l TO P:M(N,12)=0 

590 FOR J=l TO 10:iF T(J)>=50 THEN M( N , 12 ) =M( N , 12 ) + ( I ( J ) xM( N , J+l ) ) 

600 next j:m<n,i>=m<n,i>+m<n,i2>:next n:y=y+i 

620 PRINT Ct(l,l>;"Z%Z YEAR "JYJ" XXXX " ?Rt< 1 ,4) ? " MARKET XXX" 

630 IF YOU THEN 640 

635 PRINT CHR*<28> J IFOR X = l TO 5:PRINT CHR$ ( 31 ) } INEXT XtPRINT " CLOSING " 

640 PRINT :PRINT " + /- NEW — PLAYER HOLDINGS ' 

650 PRINT "STK CHNG COST .1.. .2.. .3.. .4..": PRINT 

660 FOR X=l TO lOtGGSUB 950JNEXT XtPRINT IPRINT "DIV'S THIS YR "*, 

665 R*=" 

670 FOR J=l TO P:Z=5-LEN(STRt<M(J,12) ) >:PRINT " M ;M<J,12>; 

673 IF Z>=1 THEN PRINT R*<1,Z)J 

675 IF J=4 THEN PRINT CHRf(28); 

676 NEXT J : PRINT :G0SUB 980 
680 IF Y=ll THEN 1020 
682 REM =================== 

685 REM PLAYER TRANSACTIONS 

687 REM =================== 

690 FOR N=l TO P 

700 GOSUB 880 

710 PRINT "PLAYER* "JN;" ( B=BUY , S=SELL , D=DONE ) "J 

715 INPUT R*:iF RS(1,1)="D" THEN 870 

720 IF R$(1,1)="S" THEN 780 

730 IF RS<l,DO"B" THEN 70 

735 REM BUY SHARES 

740 GOSUB 90 : PRINT "NUMBER OF SHARES BUYING "J 

750 INPUT R$:R = VAL(R$> IIF R<t THEN PRINT "BAD INPUT'" IGOTO 820 

760 IF RxT(X): M(N,1 ) THEN PRINT "NOT ENOUGH MONEY'": GOTO 820 

770 M<N,X+1 >=M<N,X+1 >+R:M<N, 1 )=M<N, 1 >- (RxT(X) ) IGOTO 850 

775 REM SELL SHARES 

780 GOSUB 90 : PRINT "NUMBER OF SHARES SELLING "J 

790 INPUT R*:R=VAL(R$> : IF R<1 THEN PRINT "E:AD INPUT'" : GOTO 820 

800 IF R<=M(N,X+1> THEN M ( N , X+l ) =M ( N , X + l ) -R I M ( N , 1 ) =M t N , 1 ) + ( RxT v X ) ) : GOTO B58 

810 PRINT "NOT ENOUGH SHARES!" 

820 FOR X=l TO 100:NEXT X 

840 GOTO 700 

845 REM UPDATE DISPLAY 

850 POKE 84, 0: PRINT C$(2,5>;:F0R J=l TO XI PRINT CHR$ ( 29 ) ; : NEXT J : GOSUB 950 

860 FOR J=l TO <12-X>:PRINT CHR$ ( 29 ) } : NEXT J : GOSUB 980:GOTO 700 

870 NEXT N:GOTO 390 

872 REM ======================= 

875 REM x-x-* SUBROUTINES ■-■-■ 

877 REM ======================= 

880 GOSUB 890:FOR J=l TO 4! GOSUB 1000 .'NEXT J 

890 POKE 84, 0: PRINT C$ ( 2 , 20 ) J J RETURN 

900 PRINT "STOCK ABREV ";:iNPUT R*tIF LEN(R*)-3 THEN 910 

903 IF LEN(Rt><>2 THEN 940 

906 R*(3,3)=" " 

910 wi=o:for j=o to 9:x=j+i 

920 IF R$( 1 ,3)=St< ( Jx3)+2, ( Jx3)+4) THEN Wl=i:j=9 

930 NEXT JJIF Wl=l THEN RETURN 

940 GOSUB 890:PRINT CHRi ( 29 )} I GOSUB 1010:GOTO 900 

950 GOSUB 1010:Z=3x(X-l )+2:PRINT S$(Z,Z+2)J" ";f<x); 

960 Z=5-LEN(STR$(F(X) ) ) 

965 R$=" ": PRINT R$(l , Z) | T<X) i 

967 Z=4-LEN(STRS(T(X) ) ) : PRINT R*(1,Z)} 

970 FOR J=l TO P:Z = 5-LEN(STRf (M(J,X-«-l) ) ) :print " m ;m(j,x-h>; 

973 IF Z>=1 THEN PRINT Rf(l,Z)J 

975 IF J=4 THEN PRINT CHR$(28)J 

976 NEXT J : PRINT : RETURN 

980 GOSUB lOlOIPRINT "CASH TOTAL = "I 

985 Ri=" 

990 FOR J=l TO P:Z = 5-LEN(STRi(M( J,l) ) ) :PRINT " "JM(J,D; 

993 IF Z>=1 THEN PRINT Rf<l,Z>J 

995 IF J=4 THEN PRINT CHR*(28)J 

996 NEXT J : PRINT : RETURN 
999 REM NEXT LINE HAS 39 SPACES... 

1000 PRINT " "JCHRK28) : RETURN 

1010 GOSUB lOOOtPRINT CHR* < 28 ) ', t RETURN 

1020 FOR N=l TO PIFOR J=l TO 10 IM( N, 1 ) =M< N, 1 ) + < T ( J ) xM( N, J«-l ) ) I NEXT JJNEXT N 

1030 PRINT tPRINT "NET WORTH = "JtGOSUB 990 

1040 PRINT 1PRINT IPRINT "PLAY AGAIN CY OR Ui "4 

1050 INPUT RitIF Rf(l,l)="N" THEN PRINT CHR$( 125 ) ; tEND 

1060 IF R*<1,1)="Y" THEN PRINT CHR* ( 125 ) J : GOTO 340 

1070 PRINT CHR*<28)j:G0SUB 1010:GOTO 1040 



1072 REM ====================== 

1075 REM x-x-x GAME DATA x-x-x 

1077 REM ====================== 

1080 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5 

1090 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,-25,0,0,0 

1100 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,15,0,0 

1110 DATA 0,0,0,-5,0,0,0,0,0 

1120 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5 

1130 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0 

1140 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,10,0,0,0 

1150 DATA 0,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

1160 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,15,0,0,0 KJMore^ 

Circle 49 on Reader Service card. 





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CompuView 

PRODUCTS, INC. 



1955 Pauline Blvd., Suite 200 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 • (313) 996-1299 



IBM* Apple II Softcard* TRS-80 II and I *SuperBrain 'Zenith Z89* Xerox 820 *Cromemco*NorthStar* DEC VT1 80 
Televideo * Altos * Vector * Micropolis * MP/M * CP/M-86 * MSDOS 



Circle 49 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 91 



Circle 226 on Reader Service card. 



jgtfBSSf 



DISK SPECIAL 

MEMOREX3401 W 
SINGLE SIDED,SINGLE DENSITY 

1 Box 10 Boxes 



95 



ea. 



$20. 



95 



ea. 



We have a complete inventory including 
soft sectored, hard sectored and special 
formats. Even if your part number is not 
listed, WE STOCK IT IF THEY MAKE IT. 

Call for quantity pricing 
-MAXELL- 

MD1 "I 5 V SINGLE SIDED $32 95 

MH1 J SINGLE OR DBL. DENSITY 



!] 



5 '-4 "DOUBLE SIDED 
SINGLE OR DBL DENSITY 



$48.95 



MD2 
MH2 

MD1 DD-5'/4"SS. QUAD DENSITY $44.95 
MD2 DD-5 VDS, QUAD DENSITY $54.95 



FD1 
FH1 

FD2 
FH2 



] 
] 



8"SINGLE SIDED 

SINGLE OR DBL DENSITY 

8'DOUBLE SIDED 
SINGLE OR DBL. DENSITY 

-MEMOREX- 



$43.95 



$56.95 



3481 " I 5' 4 "SINGLE SIDED 

3483 SINGLE OR DBL. DENSITY $28.95 

3485 _ J w HUBRING 



3491 
3493 

3504 
3501 

3062 
3015 

3090 
3104 



744 



] 

] 
] 



5'/4 'DOUBLE SIDED 

SINGLE OR DBL. DENSITY $36.95 

w HUBRING 



5!4"SS, QUAD DENSITY 
5% "OS, QUAD DENSITY 

8"SINGLE SIDED 
SINGLE DENSITY 



-8"SNG. SIDE, DBL. DENSITY 
-8"DBL. SIDE, DBL. DENSITY 



[ 



-SCOTCH- 

5 1 /4"SINGLESIDED, 
SNG. DENS, w HUBRING 



$37.95 
$51.95 

$26.95 

$35.95 
$41.95 



$28.95 



744D [ £ 
[ 



745 



$33.95 
$40.95 



SINGLE SIDED, 
DENS w HUBRING 

5 % "DOUBLE SIDED, 

DBL. DENS, w HUBRING 

740- 8"SNG. SIDE, SNG. DENSITY $29.95 

741- 8"SNG. SIDE, DBL. DENSITY $37.95 

743- 8"DBL. SIDE, DBL. DENSITY $47.95 

HEAD CLEANING KITS, 5V*" OR 8' $22 95 

Minimum shipping charge $3.00 Shipped UPS. All 
offers subject to withdrawl without notice, advertised 
prices reflect a 2% cash discount (orders prepaid prior 
to shipment). C O.D.'s and credit card orders are 2% 
higher. 



tfi Mini ^ 

Micro 
Mart, Inc. 

Box 2992K Syracuse, NY. 13220 

315 422 2056 

TWX 710 541-0431 

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 



Listing 1 continued. 




106 

ue 

128 

136 
146 
150 
160 
170 
180 
190 
195 

200 

210 
220 
230 
240 
250 
268 
i!90 
300 

310 
320 
330 
340 
350 
360 
378 
375 
380 



387 
390 
395 

400 

410 
450 
460 
470 
474 
475 
477 
480 



Listing 2. Black Friday for PET. 



REM ***** PET BLACK FRIDAY ******* 

REM 

REM ROBERT W. BAKER 

REM 

REM 15 WINDSOR DR, ATCCNJ 08864 

REM 

REM ****************************** 

P0KE59468,12 

PRINT H :nWWWWW BLACK FRIDAY STOCK MARKET GAME VW 

REM t CLR.'HOME & 4 CURSOR DOWNS 

DIM A<36, ie>,Uai,9>,E<ll,9>,H<4, 12) 

FOR N= 1 TO VAL < R I GHT* (TI*> 2> > : X=RND ( 1 > •' NEXT N 

S$="*HIBXP SP 0DMRD SO BT KA ZE BPL*" 

PRINT PRINT"*** INITIALIZING DATA!" 

FOR X=l TO 10 READ N NEXT 

FOR N=l TO 36 FOR J=l TO 9 READ X 

A<:N,,0=X NEXT ,T,N 

FOR R=l TO 2 FOR N=l TO 11 FOR J=l TO 9 READ X 

IF R=l THEN IKN,J>=X 

IF R=2 THEN E<N#J>"X 

NEXT J,N,R 

DATA 5,1.0,4,7,0,0,2,6,3 

RESTORE : FOR N= 1 TO 1 : READ I ( N > F < N ) =0 T<N>« 1 00 NEXT N 

FOR N= 1 TO 4: FOR J=2 TO 1 2 M ( N , J ) =0 NEXT J M < N , 1 > -5888 NEXT N 

FOR N= 1 TO 36 : A C N , 18 ) =0 NEXT N V=0 

PRINT"Wi!ftWHUMBER OF PLAYERS U TO 4) 1 1 II 

REM t 4 CURSOR DOWN T 3 CURSOR LEFT 

INPUT R$P=VAL<R*>IF P>4 OR PCI THEN 370 

REM ============== 

REM COMPUTE PRICES 
REM ============== 

PR I NT " n«*** CGMPUT I NG NEXT YEAR ***««" W 1 =0 D= 1 NT ( 1 1 *RND < 1 > + 1 :■ 

REM T CLR.'HOME & CURSOR DOWN T 2 CURSOR DOWN 

C=INT'::36*RND<1> + 1> 

IF A'X, 1 > = 1 THEN 400 

FOR N=2 TO 10 IF INT<C/2)OINT<<C-l)/2) THEN 470 

R*= " BULL " : F < N ■ =AC C , N- 1 > +U < D , N- 1 ) GOTO 480 

R*="BEAR" F'::N>=A<C,N-l:'+ECD,N-l > 

REM ================== 

REM CHECK STOCK SPLITS 
REM ================== 

T<N>»T<N>+F<M>:IF T<NX1S8 GOTO 530 {More 



92 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Listing 2 continued. 

496 PRINT"*** N ;HID*<S*«3*<N-l>+2*3>; <1 STOCKS SPLIT ***" 
560 J»INT<T<H)/2) IF T<N>/2-J THEN T<N>=J GOTO 526 

519 TCNW+1 

520 FOR J=l TO PM<J,N+1>=M<J,N+1>*2 NEXT J 
522 REM ================== 

525 REM CHECK BANKRUPTCIES 
527 REM ================== 

530 IF T(N>>0 THEN 570 

546 T<N)=100 FOR J=l TO P : M(J,N+1 )=0 NEXT J 

550 PRINT"*** ",MID$<S*,3*<N-1>+2,3J>," WENT BANKRUPT ***" 

560 PR I NT "THESE STOCKS HRE BEING SURRENDERED" 

570 NEXT N 

572 REM ============== 

575 REM UPDATE DISPLAY 
577 REM ============== 

580 FOR N=l TO PM<N, 12>=0 

590 FOR J=l TO 10: IF T(J>>=50 THEN M<N, 12>=M(N, 12>-KI < J>*M<!N, J+l >) 

fe€fc NEXT J :W1=TI:M<N,1>=M<;N,1>+M<N,12>:NEXT NY=V+1IF WK1 THEN 629 

610 IF TI-WK30 GOTO 610 

629 PRINT'TJWa VEAR ";V;« WUS ";R*;" MARKET VA" 

638 IF V=ll THEN PR I NT TJMtMCLOS I NG M ' 

635 REM tCURSOR UP & 5 CURSOR RIGHT 

640 PRINT TAB<5); "XK/- NEW — PLAVER HOLDINGS " 

650 PRINT"STK CHNG PRICE . 1. . .2.. .3.. .4. ."PRINT 

660 FOR X=l TO 18 GOSUB 950 NEXT X: PRINT PRINT"DIV'S THIS VR"; 

676 FOR J=l TO P PRINT TAB< 15-KU-l >*6> > ,M<J, 12); NEXT J PRINT PRINT GOSUB 980 

680 IF V=ll THEN 1020 

682 REM =================== 

685 REM PLAVER TRANSACTIONS 
637 REM =================== 

690 FOR N=l TO P 

700 GOSUB 880 

710 PRINT"dPLAVER"N"l<B=BUV>S=SELL,D=DONE> ?liil"; INPUT R* ■ IF R$="D" THEN 870 

715 REM 1KVS 1RVS OFF t3 CURSOR LEFT 

720 IF R$="S" GOTO 780 

730 IF RfO"B" GOTO 700 

735 REM === BUY SHARES === 

740 GOSUB 900 PR I NT "NUMBER OF SHARES BUYING ?■■■!", REM *- 3 CURSOR LEFT 

750 INPUT R$ R=VAL<R$> IF R<1 THEN PR I NT "BAD INPUT! " GOTO 820 

760 IF R*T<X>>M(N, 1> THEN PRINT"NOT ENOUGH MONEY!" GOTO 820 

7?Q ri<N#X+t>"M<N*X+l>+R't1<N*l>"M<Nj 1)-<R»T<K» GOTO 858 

775 REM === SELL SHARES === 

780 GOSUB 900 PR I NT "NUMBER OF SHARES SELLING ?li«";: REM «• 3 CURSOR LEFT 

790 INPUT R$R=VAL<R$>IF R<1 THEN PR I NT "BAD INPUT! "GOTO 820 

800 IF R<=M<N,X+1> THEN M'-N, X+l >=M-:N, X+l >-R M< N, 1 >=M<N, 1 > + (R*T<X>> = GOTO 850 

810 PR I NT "NOT ENOUGH SHARES!" 

820 W1=TI 

830 IF TI-WK60 GOTO 830 

840 GOTO 700 

845 REM === UPDATE DISPLAY FOR TRANSACTIONS === 

850 PR I NT " fUMMM" , FOR J= 1 TO X PR I NT " W" j NEXT J GOSUB 950 

855 REM WOME & 4 CURSOR DOWN tCURSOR DOWN 

860 FOR J=l TO <13-X> PR I NT "W"; NEXT J: GOSUB 930 GOTO 700 

865 REM tCURSOR DOWN 

870 NEXT NGOTO 390 

872 REM ================================== 

875 REM *-*-* SUBROUTINES *-*-* 

880 GOSUB 890 FOR J=l TO 4 GOSUB 1OO0 NEXT J 

890 PR I NT " 5W«tt«tt««iI«rt«i'I«'W««W«i , J" RE T URN 

895 REM THOME t 19 CURSOR DOWN 

900 PR I NT " STOCK ABREV ?liil" ; I NPUT R* R*=LEFT* < R*+ " " , 3 > 

905 REM t 3 CURSOR LEFT 

910 W 1=0 FOR J=6 TO 9 X=J+1 

920 IF R$=MID*(S*, J*3+2,3> THEN W1=1J=9 

930 NEXT J: IF Wl=l THEN RETURN 

940 GOSUB 890 : PR I NT " W" , GOSUB 1 1 GOTO 908 

945 REM t CURSOR DOWN 

950 GOSUB 1010 PRINT HID*<S$'3t<X-l>*2*3>;SPC<2>;FO<>; 

960 PRINT SPC<4-LEN0STR*':F<X::'>)>,T<X>; 

970 FOR J=l TO P: PR I NT TAB < 16+ < U-l >*6>> ; M'J,X+1 >i NEXT J PRINT RETURN 

980 GOSUB 1010 PR I NT "CASH TOTAL 

990 FOR J=l TO P PRINT TABU5+< U-l >*6> > ;M<J, 1 > PRINT'""]"; : NEXT J PRINT RETURN 

992 REM LAST LIME USES CURSOR UP 

995 REM NEXT LINE HAS 39 SPACES 

1000 PRINT" "RETURN 

1010 GOSUB 1000 PRINT ,,r T'; RETURNREM <- CURSOR UP 

1020 FOR N=l TO P FOR J=l TO 10 M(N, 1 >=M<N, 1 >-KT< J>*M<N, J+l ) > NEXT JNEXT N 

1030 PRINT PR I NT "NET WORTH ="; GOSUB 990 

1040 PRINT : PRINT PRINT"PLAY AGAIN <Y OR N> NMM H ; REM +3 CURSOR LEFT 

1050 INPUT RflF R$= M N" THEN PR I NT" 3" END: rem +CLEAR/HOME 

1060 IF R$="Y" THEN PR I NT "IT GOTO 340 REM <- CLR/HOME 

1070 PRINT 1 "!", GOSUB 1010 GOTO 1040 REM <- CURSOR UP IN PRINT 

1072 REM ======================= 

1075 REM *-*-* GAME DATA *-*-* 
1077 REM ======================= 

1080 DATA 0,0,0,O,0>0>0;0>5 
1090 DATA 0,6,0,0,8,-25,0,0,0 
1100 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0, 15,0,0 
1110 DATA 0,0,0,-5,0,0,0,0,0 
1120 DATA 0,0,0,6,0,0,0,0,5 
1130 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0 
1140 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,10,0,0,0 
1150 DATA 6,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 
1160 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,15,0,0,0 

1170 DATA 0,-5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 
1180 DATA 8,5,5,0,0,0,7,0,0 
1190 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-25,0 
1200 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,10,0 
1210 DATA 0,-10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 
1220 DATA 0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 




Big sale 
onK'sl 

I6K...S 149.95 
32K... $199.95 
48K... $249.95 
64K . . . $299.95 




New JAWS-IB 

The Ultrabyte Memory Board 

Due to the tremendous success of our JAWS I, we 
were able to make a special purchase of first-quality 
components at below-cost prices for |AWS-IB. And 
we are sharing our cost saving with you. But don't be 
surprised if the next time you see this ad the prices 
have gone up substantially. Better yet, order now, 
and get the best memory on the market at the best 
price on the market. 

ONE CHIP DOES IT ALL 

laws-IB is the Rolls-Royce of all the SlOO dynamic 
boards. Its heart is Inters single chip 64K dynamic 
RAM controller. Eliminates high-current logic parts 
. . delay lines . . . massive heat sinks . . . unreliable 
trick circuits. JAWS-IB solves all these problems. 

LOOK WHAT JAWS-IB OFFERS YOU 
Hidden refresh . . . fast performance . . . low power 
consumption . . . latched data outputs . . . 200 NS 
4116 RAM's . . onboard crystal . . . RAM Jumper 
selectable on 8K boundaries . . . fully socketed . . . 
solder mask on both sides of board . . . phantom line 
. . . designed for 8080, 8085, and Z80 bus signals . . . 
works in Explorer, Sol, Horizon, as well as all other 
well-designed SlOO computers. 



► 



10-OAY MUNfcV-BAtk TRIAL: Try d fully wtrnl 
and u-Mi'd board lor 10 days then either keep 
ii . return II lor kit. or simply return II In working 
condition. 



* 



Continental USA Credit Card Buyers OulsidV Connecticut: 

TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 800-243-7428 

From Connecticut Or For Assistance: 

(203)354-9375 K gg 

Please send the items checked foe/ow. 

JAWS-IB kit: 

□ 16K $149.95* 

D 32K $199.95* 

D 48K $249.95* 

□ 64K $299.95* 

JAWS-IB Fully Assembled, Wired & Tested: 

□ 16K $179.95* 

a 32K $239.95* 

□ 48K $299.95* 

I } 64K $359.95* 

□ EXPANSION KIT, 16K RAM Module, to expand 
JAWS-IB in 16K blocks up to 64k $59.95 

'All pricrs plus $2 posture and insurance ($4.00 Gonadal 
Connecticut residents inJcf stilm tux. 



Total enclosed: $ . 

O Personal Check D Money Order or Cashier's Check 

D VISA G Master Card (Bank No. ) 



Acct. No. 

Signature 
Print 
Name 



Exp. Date 



Address 



City 
State 



Zip 



1^ NETRONICS R&D Ltd. 

Ifctl 333 Litchfield Koad. New Milford. CT 06776 



Microcomputing, September 1982 93 



Circle 319 on Reader Service card. 



F* 



GtlEMIN 

winS. get: a chec k 

xlMyoi 




pay 



price 



YOU COULD 
BET 
THIS 
GAME 
FREE ! 

Fffl. UBPP 

price) 124.95 
INTRODUCTORY 
OFFER REBATES 
FROM %0 to «25 

Write or Call 
■for Details 

Up to «5 credit 
on order for 

Phone cal 1 order 



TIRED OF ONLY PLAYING GAMES 
MITH YOUR COMPUTER ? 
READY FOR SOME SERIOUS SOFTWARE ? 

We will custom develop programs 
tailored to your desires 
OR 
Provide our own Quality Programs 

ALL at unbelievably LOW PRICES 

We will even send you royalty payments 
when we re-sell programs we developed 
at your suggestion '. 



PERSONAL 
VALUE 



HOUSHOLD 



TICKLE 



TEACHER 



PROGRAMS ALREADY DEVELOPED 

- Important assets logging/tracking program. Organize 
(or mils, taxes, insurance ,etc. 4)24.93 

- Keep track of all houshold goods by root.. Cotpile 
total cost new, current value, and replacement 
costs. 424.93 

- Reainder of things to be done. Sorted by date to 
be done, deleted as each finished • 9.93 

- Friendly, informative, 1st time user introduction 
to computers, flakes basic operation of the Mchine 
enjovable and easy to learn. 424.95 
FiTLJlNj OIM OSBORNE 

OR ON ANY NACHINE MITH N1CR0S0FT BASIC OR CROHENCO 32K BASIC 
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS available to dealers and User 6roups 
CHEHIN USES CURSOR ADDRESSING. TESTED ON OSBORNE, TELE VI DEO, I NTERTUBE, 

ADA, I HAZLETINE. APPLE;TRS-80 versions being developed 
ARTCOH DATA SERVICE <313> 322-3377 
P.O. BOX 9343 LIVONIA, MI. 481SO 



Listing 2 continued. 



1236 DflTH 18*9/ 0*0* 0*0* 9' 6*8 

1 246 DHTfl ,0,0,0,17, i , i 
1250 DfiTfi 0,0,0,0,-15,0,0,0,0 
1260 DflTR 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,10,0 

1270 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,-15,0,0 

1 280 DATA 0,0,0, ,0,0,10, i 

1230 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,-15,0,0 
1 300 DATA 0,0, -S ,0,8 i , , 5 , 6 

1310 DATA -10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

1 320 DATA 8 .0,0 , , 0,0, , , 

1330 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,-5,0,0 

1 340 DATA , , 3 , , , , , , 4 

1350 DATA -8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

1 360 DATA 0,0, , 5 , , , ,0,0 

1 370 DATA , , ,0,-10 , , y , , 6 

1 380 DATA , I 0,0,0, , 1 | o , 9 

1 398 DATA -8,-5 , 0,0, ,0,-7, , 

1400 DATA 10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

1410 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-14 

1420 DATA -10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

1430 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,-5,0,0,0 
1440 DATA -2, -10, -7, -9, -2, -3, -7, -lb, -4 
1450 DATA 26,16,25,8,-14,21,14,-4,17 
1460 DATA 18,23,11,12,46,18,-5,34,15 
1470 DATA 23,28,-2,11,56,15,30,23,14 
1480 DATA 20,15,15,7,-20,15,13,-10,12 
1 430 DATA 17,21,13,-2,37, 23 , 23 ,13,14 
1500 DATA 13,24,17,3,-5,26,13,-7,15 
1510 DATA 11,18,14,11,67,15,22,18,13 
1520 DATA 13,31,1,14,-11,18,18,-14,10 
1530 DATA 14,-8,13,-1,-3,25,-10,13,13 
1540 DATA 24,24,23,20,51,27,38,33,18 
1550 DATA 12,14,13,10,10,20,21,25,8 
1560 DATA 7,-6,10,-10,30,6,-13,22,-2 
1570 DATA 3,10,7,-5,-20,12,21,18,7 
1580 DATA 7,8,5,-6,-40,3,16,-14,4 
1530 DATA 8,6,4,-4,40,8,4,-12,3 
1600 DATA 6,4,3,3,-15,5,8,-8,5 
1610 DATA 5,7,-1,-3,45,6,-10,10,4 
1620 DATA -2,6,-3,-8,-20,7,10,14,6 
1630 DATA 11,11,-5,-7,30,10,-11,-18,-4 
1640 DATA -5,13,-8,6,25,4,18,-22,-4 
1650 DATA -8,-10,-10,-15,-20,-20,-23,-25. 
READY. 



-7 



Microcomputing welcomes con- 
versions of this program for the 
Apple, Heath, IBM PC and Sin- 
clair. 



Circle 10 on Reader Service card. 



THE HAPPY COMPUTER 

Software at Affordable Prices! 



We'll match any advertised price on the items that we carry 
30 days of purchase, show us the ad and we'll refund the d 
requirements before ordering! 



If you find a lower price withii 
fference. Please check system': 



*fc 



** 



6502 Business 






Apple/Atan/Commodore 




Howard Software' 






82 Tax Preparer 


$ 


115 


State CA/ILL/NY/NJ 


$ 


60 


Others 20% Off 






On-Lme Systems" 






The Gen. Mgr. 


$ 


120 


Screenwriter II 


$ 


99 


The Dictionary 


$ 


70 


Expediter II + 


$ 


94 


Others 25% Off 






Software Publishing' 






PFS II 


$ 


95 


Reports II 


$ 


77 


PFS III 


$ 


145 


Reports III 


$ 


99 


Stoneware* 






DB Master 


$ 


160 


Pak #1 


$ 


80 


Pak #2 


$ 


80 


Stat Pak 


$ 


80 



VisiCorp' 

*Visicalc 1 $ 165 

*Visifile 2 $ 185 

*Visitrend/Plot 3 $ 21 5 

*Visipack 1, 2, & 3 $ 550 

Visischedule $ 235 

Others 25% Off 



CP/M Business 



Accounting Plus* 

Gen. Ledger 
Ace. Receivable 

1 module 

2 modules 

3 modules 

4 modules 
Others 

(CP/M "/Apple®) 

Ashton-Tate' 

dBase II 

Datamost" 

Tax Beater 

R.E.A.P. 

Write-On 

II, III, IBM PC 



Ace. Payable 

Inventory 

$ 475/285 
$ 855/550 
$1230/650 
$1595/875 
$ 353/300 



$ 460 



$ 99 
$ 99 

$ 99 



Micropro 
*Wordstar 
*Mailmerge 
*Both 

Datastar 

Spellstar 

Calcstar 

Supersort I 

Supersort II 

Wordmaster 

Others 33% Off (CP/M 

Nexus' 

*Zip dBase II 
MBasic 
CBasic 

Sorcim' 

Supercalc 
Superwriter 
Apple II 5 1/4 
IBM PC 5 1/4 
Others 20% Off 

Recreational 



\ 



'"t 



$ 259/198 
$ 79/69 

$ 336/265 

$ 195/168 

$ 129/118 

$ 159/118 

$ 145/115 

$ 140/ 
$ 95/ 
/Apple 8 ) 

$ 107 

$ 107 

$ 107 



Arcade Plus' 



VISA-MASTERCHARGE • ORDERS ONLY • CALL COLLECT (313) 642-1454 

ALL OTHER INFORMATION (313) 644-8921 

For fast delivery, send certified check or money order. Specify hardware manufacturer, operating 
system, cartridge/cassette/disk system and format. Personal or company checks require one to 
three weeks to clear. Outside continental U.S. - add $1 plus air parcel post. Add $3.50 postage 
and handling per each item. Blue label $3.00 additional per item. Michigan residents add 4% sales 
tax. Mastercharge - Visa add 3% and include expiration date. Prices subject to change without 
notice. All items subject to availability. ® Mfgrs. Trademark. 



Ghost Hunter 
Pro Football 
Night Rally 
Baseball 
(cassette/disk) 

Datamost' 

Snack Attack 

Thief 

Casino 

On-Line Systems 

'Jawbreaker 
Crossfire 
Threshold 

Sirius Software' 

Snake Byte 
Twerps 
Gorgon 
Sneakers 
Others 20% Off 

Sir-Teck" 

Galactic Attack 
Wizardry P.G. 
Wizardry K. of D. 



26/30 
26/30 
26/30 
26/30 



$ 24 
$ 40 
$ 28 



THE HAPPY COMPUTER 

460 N. WOODWARD AVENUE 

BIRMINGHAM, Ml 48011 

(313) 644-8921 

*Sale prices are through September only! 



94 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Wayne Green Books 




1 



TEXTEDIT 

a complete 
wordproces^ng 
system in kit 
^50m. 



by 

Irwin Rappaport 



A WAYNE GREEN 
PUBLICATION 



«E 



*ectwiq«« 



K *eo<*^*f 



Ob tV 



****** ft * tt%»«0#* 




I 1 1 1 






rn Digital 
Electronics While 
Building Your Own 

muter! 




•TRS-80 and TRSDOS are trademarks of the Radio Shack Di- 
vision of Tandy Corporation. 



TEXTEDIT— A Complete Word Processing System in 
kit form 

by Irwin Rappaport 

TEXTEDIT is an inexpensive word processor that you can adapt to suit your needs, from 
writing form letters to large texts It is written in modules, so you can load and use only 
those portions that you need Included are modules that perform: 
— right justification 
—ASCII upper/lowercase conversion 
—one-key phrase entering 
—complete editorial functions 
—and much more! 

TEXTEDIT is written in TRS-80* Disk BASIC, and the modules are documented in the 
author s admirably clear tutorial writing style Not only does Irwin Rappaport explain how to 
use TEXTEDIT, he also explains programming techniques implemented in the system 
TEXTEDIT is an inexpensive word processor that helps you learn about BASIC program- 
ming It is written for TRS-80 Models I and III with TRSDOS 2 2/2 3 and 32K 

BK7387 $9.97 Disk Available DS7387 $19.97 

ISBN 0-8806-050-6 

Annotated BASIC— A New Technique for Neophytes. 

BASIC programming was supposed to be simple— a beginners programming language 
which was so near to English that it could be easily understood. But, in recent years. BASIC 
has become much more powerful and therefore much more difficult to read and understand 
BASIC simply isn't basic anymore 

Annotated BASIC explains the complexities of modern BASIC It includes complete 
TRS-80* Level II BASIC programs that you can use Each program is annotated to explain in 
step-by-step fashion the workings of the program Programs are flowcharted to assisted 
you in following the operational sequence And— each chapter includes a description of the 
new concepts which have been introduced 

Annotated BASIC deals with the hows and whys of TRS-80 BASIC programming How is a 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 95 




Pool 1.5 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, April 1982 J 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K 
bytes, game paddles 

Manufacturer: Innovative Design Soft- 
ware, Inc., PO Box 1658, Las Cruces, 
NM 88004 
Price: $34.95 

Comments: "Pool 1.5 is easy to play, 
fascinating to watch and extremely chal- 
lenging," according to the review. 

Four games can be selected: eight ball, 
rotation, straight pool and nine ball. The 
player selects the aim, speed and English he 
wants to put on the ball before each shot. 

The accuracy of the animation is a thing 
of beauty: the speed, color and clarity of the 
individual balls are totally unimpaired 
regardless of the number in motion at the 
time," according to the review. 

One of the attractions of Pool 1.5 is that 
you control it. The game will indicate when 
you are doing something wrong, such as 
moving the ball across the demarcation line 
after a scratch, but it will not prevent you 
from doing it if you want to. 

Pool 1.5 is "highly recommended," says 
the review. Reader Service number 433. 



Swashbuckler 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, 

DOS 3.3 only 

Manufacturer: DataMost, 9748 Cozycroft 

Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311 

Price: $34.95 

Comments: "Swashbuckler is a real-time 

animated duel between you, who control 

the swordsman, and various and sundry 

scurly, wretched, and generally vicious 

computer opponents," says the review. 

The movements of your swordsman are 
controlled by the keyboard. You are first 
confronted by one pirate, but he proves to 
be not much of a challenge and soon you 
have opponents on both sides. 

'The overall playability and challenge 
and atmosphere of the game are pleasing. It 
is a good piece of work." Reader Service 
number 446. 



Computer Foosball 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K 
bytes and disk 

Manufacturer: Sirius Software, 10364 
Rockingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827 
Price: $29.95 

Comments: Foosball is back. The popular 
barroom and pool hall game has been com- 
puterized. The result is "amazing video 
simulation" and remarkably accurate 
animation, according to the review. 

"Video foosball can be played with one, 
two or four players," according to the 
review. One slight difference between 
video foosball and the original game is that 
in the computerized version the rows of 
men move simultaneously; each row moved 
independently in the original game, the 
review says. 

"As in the original, the pace often 
becomes frenetic: The ball zooms, wobbles 
and careens around the arena. Until the 
players develop some skill and timing, 
much of the scoring will result from the ball 
accidentally bouncing into the goals." 
Reader Service number 436. 



Madron 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, 

DOS 3.2/3.3 

Manufacturer: Sirius Software, Inc., 

10364 Rockingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 

95827 

Price: $34.95 

Comments: "Hadron will provide you 

with the thrill of flying a space fighter and 

going into battle with it," the review says. 

"The object of the game is to track enemy 
fighters back to their star base and destroy 
the base," according to the review. After 
destroying the enemy base your fuel and 
ammunition are replenished and you move 
to the next level of difficulty. 

The view you see from within your 
spacecraft is "spectacular," according to 
the review. "For you to fully appreciate the 
view, a good quality color TV or color moni- 
tor is a must." Reader Service number 445. 



Caverns of Mars 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Atari 400 or 800, 
disk only, 16K bytes 

Manufacturer: Atari, Inc., Box 427, Sun- 
nyvale, CA 94086 
Price: $39.95 

Comments: "Ray Bradbury's Mars was 
never this much fun," says the review. 

In Caverns of Mars the player starts off at 
the top of a large subterranean shaft. The 
object is to pilot a spaceship through the 
Martian caverns' twists and turns. The 
game consists of six levels progressing in 
difficulty as the shafts become trickier and 
the enemy ships more formidable. 

The game offers several helpful features. 
"An option button allows the player to cy- 
cle immediately to any level for practice. 
The select button is a godsend; it allows the 
game to be placed on hold. . very useful 
for the panic-stricken moment after de- 
stroying the cavern and discovering you 
must do it again," the review says. 

This game is great; you'll find it difficult 
to tear yourself away," according to the 
review. Reader Service number 435. 



J 



Knight of Diamonds 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, Apple 
III (emulation mode), 48K, disk Wizardry: 
"Proving Ground of the Mad Overlord." 
Manufacturer: Sirtech, 6 Main St., Og- 
densburgNY 13669 
Price: $34.95 

Comments: Knight of Diamonds is a se- 
quel to Wizardry Proving Ground. KOD 
complements and enriches the popular 
Proving Ground game. 

Knight of Diamonds is a six-level dun- 
geon with several new twists. "There are 
individual quests and objectives on each 
level. The objects of these quests are re- 
quired for the final quest on the sixth level. ' ' 

"Unless you have a copy of Proving 
Ground, you cannot play KOD, much as 
you must learn to walk before you can 
run," the review says. Reader Service 
number 448. 



96 Microcomputing, September 1982 







Welcome to the Game Room. Each month this section will feature Micro Game 
Digest, reviews of computer games currently available and articles dealing with the 
low-end, home/game computers— Atari, Vic. . . . So read on and let the games begin. 



Track Attack 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, May-June 1982} 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, 
DOS 3.2/3.3 

Manufacturer: Broderbund Software, 
Inc., 1938 Fourth St., San Rafael, CA 94901 
Price: $29.95 

Comments: "The object of the game is to 
capture gold from a moving train without 
getting clobbered by either the train or the 
phantom watchman's car," the review 
says. The player can multiply the value of 
the gold by "jumping on the train, control- 
ling it and capturing a second series of gold 
pieces," the review says. 

"If you are looking for an easy arcade 
game, forget this one," according to the 
review. The main reason for the difficulty is 
the car. It cannot stop, move backward or 
turn around, so the player must always 
think ahead. 

Also, the car does only what the player 
tells it to do. "If you don't give it a com- 
mand, it will randomly pick a direction at 
an intersection. 

"Initial reaction may be frustration fol- 
lowed either by disinterest or determina- 
tion to master the game," the review says. 
Reader Service number 444. 



Microwave 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II or Apple 
III (emulation mode), 48K bytes and disk. 
Manufacturer: Cavalier Computer, Box 
2032, Del Mar, CA 92014 
Price: $34.95 

Comments: Microwave is an innovative 
variation of the popular eat-the-dots games, 
according to the review. 

The game features a teddy bear that you 
must maneuver through a series of complex 
mazes. The object of the game is to pick up 
various merchandise while avoiding ex- 
ploding grenades and dodging "a gang of bi- 
zarre-looking aliens, so that you can pro- 
ceed to the next maze." 

Your teddy collects hammers, wrenches, 
calculators and other items scattered 
around the maze. The objects disappear as 
the bear passes over them. "As many as 
four aliens are in pursuit, planting grenades 
in the path the bear must take to pick up 
paraphernalia," the review says. 

There are other features to the game that 
make it challenging. "If you've become 
bored with the more traditional games of 
this genre, this may be just what you're 
looking for." Reader Service number 437. 



Minotaur 

(Reviewed in Softalk, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II or Apple 

III in emulator mode, 48K and one disk 

drive. 

Manufacturer: Sirius Software, 10364 

Rockingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827 

Price: $34.95 

Comments: "This arcade-style game puts 

you in the role of Theseus, hero of Greek 

mythology, whose task is to search for the 

Minotaur in a maze and kill the unholy 

wretch," the review says. 

A maze has four levels connected by stair- 
ways. The Minotaur always resides on the 
fourth level of a maze, but various room 
monsters and Minotaur henchmen lurk in 
the hallways waiting, according to the 
review. 

Things are available that the player can 
use to help in the search. 

1 'Minotaur is a game with a lot of punch . ' ' 
Reader Service number 442. 



Olympic Decathlon 

(Reviewed in Micro, June 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II with 48K 

Manufacturer: Microsoft Consumer Pro- 
ducts, 10700 Northrup Way, Bellevue, 
WA 98004 
Price: $29.95 

Comments: Olympic Decathlon is not for 
children. It requires coordination and tim- 
ing, according to the review. It is "one of 
the most difficult games on the market." 

"The program simulates all events of an 
actual decathlon," says the review. "Excep- 
tional graphics and good instruction" are 
featured in Olympic Decathlon. 

The documentation is well written and 
offers clues for strategy. Reader Service 
number 432. 



Peeping Tom 

(Reviewed in Softalk, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II or Apple 

III (emulation mode), 48K and one disk 

drive. 

Manufacturer: Micro Lab, 2310 Skokie 

Valley Road, Highland Park, IL 60035 

Price: $35.95 

Comments: "Peeping Tom is difficult and 

challenging, a good twist on an old theme," 

according to the review. 

In this game you control a ship and you 
have an enemy that you must destroy; how- 
ever, this foe is behind shuttered windows, 
the review says. 

"As soon as you shoot an enemy, the por- 
tion of the window it was behind opens," 
the review says. Reader Service number 443. 



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98 Microcomputing, September 1982 Circle 294 on Reader Service card. 



Threshold 

(Reviewed in Peelings II, April 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, 48K, 
Disk II, DOS 3.2 and 3.3 
Manufacturer: On-Line Systems, 36575 
Mudge Ranch Road, Coarsegold, CA 93614 
Price: $39.95 

Comments: "Threshold is highly recom- 
mended if you are a fan of shoot- em-up 
space games," says the review. 

The Threshold ship has a hyperwarp 
driver which will slow time and speed for 
other objects. "The energy consumption in 
this mode of operation is immense so it can 
only be used once," according to the 
review. 

Some other constraints are that the lasers 
are very sensitive to heat. So if you fire 
them too quickly you will have a temporary 
power loss. There is also a limited fuel sup- 
ply. You can refuel in mid-mission, but you 
must reach the rendezvous point to do this. 

"The sound effects are great," says the 
review. This is "a superb arcade game." 
Reader Service number 434. 



Tumblebugs 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, Apple II 

Plus, 48K bytes; Atari 400 or 800, 24K 

bytes, disk 

Manufacturer: Datasoft, 19524 Business 

Center Drive, Northbridge CA 91324 

Price: $29.95 

Comments: In Tumblebugs you are trying 

to get through a complex maze, eating white 

dots along the way, while eight tumblebugs 

chase you. "Sound like Pac-man? You 

should have it so easy," the review says. 

The mazes are difficult and the tumble- 
bugs are relentless, according to the review. 
Also, since the program creates a random 
maze each time you play, you can't memo- 
rize the paths. 

Technically, Tumblebugs is excellent and 
the animation is good, according to the 

review. 

"Tumblebugs is a solid game . . . .It could 

stand some variety, but it certainly does not 

lack challenge," the review says. Reader 

Service number 431. 



Circle 326 on Reader Service card. 



While Snake Byte doesn't offer massive waves of 

attacking aliens or flights through space, it is a fun and 

challenging game both for young people and adults. 



Snake Byte 

(Reviewed in Creative Computing, July 1982) 

System Requirements: 48K bytes Apple, 

disk drive 

Manufacturer: Sirius Software, 10364 

Rockingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827 

Price: $29.95 

Comments: The object of this game is to 

maneuver a snake through a series of 

rooms, eating apples along the way. When 

the snake eats ten apples he moves on to 

another room. 

The game is not without danger. The play- 
er selects a game with either one, two or no 
perilous plums, according to the review. 
"These plums bounce around each room, 
and are deadly if they contact the head of the 
player's snake," the review says. 

This might sound fairly easy; however, 
even though the snake is short when the 
game begins, its body grows with each ap- 
ple eaten, the review says. 

"While Snake Byte doesn't offer massive 
waves of attacking aliens or flights through 
space, it is a fun and challenging game, both 
for young people and adults," according to 
the review. Reader Service number 438. 



Zork II 

(Reviewed in Softline, May 1982) 

System Requirements: Apple II, Apple 
III (emulation mode), Atari 400/800, IBM 
PC, NEC eight-inch CP/M; 32K bytes, disk. 
Manufacturer: Infocom, 6 Faneuil Hall 
Marketplace, Boston MA 02109 
Price: $39.95 

Comments: "Zork II takes up where Zork 
leaves off (although you need not have 
played Zork I to play Zork II)," according to 
the review. 

The game places you deep in the land of 
Zork. "Here you'll meet the Wizard of Fro- 
bozz, a formidable foe who'll appear ran- 
domly to thwart your efforts at solving the 
many riddles in the game." 

The adventure is complete with volca- 
noes, dragons, princesses, unicorns and a 
collection of other creatures. This is a total- 
ly text game; however, the descriptions are 
"fascinating and detailed," the review says. 
"Zork II is an adventure fit for master ad- 
venturers; those of you who are new to ad- 
venturing may find the game more of a 
challenge than you bargained for," the re- 
view says. Reader Service number 447. 



Enjoy The' 



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Microcomputing, September 1982 99 




Dueling Joysticks 



Put more joy into your computing by adding two more joysticks to 
your VIC, thus letting up to three people play at the same time. 

By Russell A. Grokett, Jr. 



Remember the day you got your 
first program that used a 
joystick? How you went out, bought a 
pair (seems they're usually boxed in 
pairs) and came home to find out VIC 
has room for only one joystick? 

You mean only one person can 
play on VIC at a time? Oh well, I 
guess I've got a spare joystick. Maybe 
one of these days someone will come 
out with a way to add another joy- 
stick to VIC." 

That day has arrived! For less than 
$10 you can add connections for, not 
one, but two more joysticks, letting 
up to three people play at the same 
time! These connections are made 
through a plug-in slot, on the back of 
VIC, called the user I/O port. 

What's a User Port? 

VIC has several sockets (ports) for 
accessories like printers, cassette 
decks and extra memory (see Fig. 1). 
One of these sockets, called the user 




port, allows VIC to be connected to 
the outside world. With it you can 
add a printer, modem, voice synthe- 
sizer or, as in our case, extra 
joysticks. 

This user port is similar to the user 
port on the Commodore PET comput- 
er. PET owners had a problem worse 
than VIC owners— PET doesn't even 
have one joystick port available! 
Well, that didn't stop dedicated 
Space Invader fans. Early in PET 
history owners discovered the secrets 
of the user port. They quickly set up a 
standard for connecting a pair of 
joysticks to the user port. Then it was 
back to the more important task of 
obliterating those nasty invaders. 

VIC owners can benefit from those 
earlier labors and add more joysticks 
to their machines, too!- 

How Do I Do It? 

First, let's take a look at the VIC 
user port in Fig. 2. If you see the pins 
marked JOY0, JOY1, JOY2, etc., for- 
get them! They are connected direct- 
ly to the game port and your existing 
joystick. Instead, let's look at the pins 
marked PBO to PB7. 



GAME PORT 
(for joystick 
and other 
game control 
devices) 



EXPANSION 

PORT 

(VIC Program 

cartridges 

plug in here) 




USER PORT 
(For special 
accessories) 



5 PIN 

VIDEO 

PORT 

(For 

connection 

to TV set 

or monitor) 



SERIAL 
PORT 

(For special 
accessories 
like printer, 
disk drive, etc.) 



CASSETTE 
PORT 
(Tape 
cassette 
goes here) 



These pins make up part of a paral- 
lel input/output port, which allows 
VIC to send or receive data one byte 
at a time. Since there are eight bits in 
a byte, the port has to have eight lines 
(or pins), one for each bit, in order to 
be parallel. Conversely, a serial port 
sends its data one bit at a time over 
one line. By grounding any combina- 
tion of the eight lines, we can send VIC 
data that can be used in our program. 
In order to ground those data lines 
we need switches. It just so happens 
that the Atari joystick has those 
switches! Each joystick has four 
direction switches and one push- 
button switch. By pushing the joy- 
stick, one or more of those switches 
are closed. Connect the direction 
switches so that each one closes the 
circuit between ground and one of 
the port data lines. Wire the push- 
button switches so that each one 
closes two circuits, instead of one. 
This setup lets you use two Atari 
joysticks on one parallel port. 

To VIC, the user port looks like just 
another eight-bit memory location. 
By peeking at the memory location 
37136, VIC reveals the status of the 
data lines as a number between and 
255. Normally, the port reads 255 (all 
bits are ones). When a data line is 
grounded, that bit becomes a zero, 
changing the number read by the 
peek. Decoding our new joysticks is 
done almost the same as decoding 
VIC's existing joystick. 



Fig. 1. VIC sockets to accommodate accessories. 
100 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Address correspondence to Russell A. Grokett, Jr., 
401 Monument Road, #171, Jacksonville, FL 32211. 



Circle 238 on Reader Service card. 



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810 Basic, RS232C E> Parallel 1395 

810 w/full ASCII, vertical forms 

control compressed print, 1599 

820 RO, Basic 1645 

820 KSR, Basic 1839 



OK I DATA 

Microline 80 $465 

Tractor-feed option 59 

Microline 82A 519 

Microline 83A 849 

Microline 84 1199 

MONITORS 

ZENITH-ZYM-121, 12" Green Phos., . . $125 

AMDEK 100, 12" 139 

100G, 12" Green Phosphor 149 

300, 12" Green Phos., Hi. Res 199 

Color, 13" 359 

Color II, 13", R.G.B. Hi Res 799 

Apple adapt, for R.G.B 159 

BMC, 12", Green Phosphor 169 



NORTH STAR 
Call For Prices 



FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS 

MORROW DESIGNS 

Discus 2D, single drive DD *$898* 

Dual Discus 2D, dual drive DD 1549* 

Discus 2 + 2, double sided DD 1239* 

Dual Discus 2 + 2 2139 

'Includes CP/M 2 + 2 and Microsoft Basic 

HARD DISK SUBSYSTEMS 

MORROW DESIGNS 

Discus M-5 5 Meg $1849* 

Discus M-10 10 Meg 3095* 

Discus M-20 20 Meg 4069* 

Discus M-26, 26 Meg 3795* 

CORVUS 5 Meg 3185 

10 Meg 4545 

20 Meg 5499 

KONAN David 5 Meg 2499 

10 Meg 3049 

15 Meg 3295 

INTERTEC 10 Meg SPECIAL $3195 

'S 100 only w/CP/M 2 + 2 & Microsoft Basic 

FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER 
BOARDS 

CROMEMCO 16FDC DD $499 

NORTH STAR DD 479 

MORROW Disk Jockey 2D, A&T 329 

SD SYS. Versafloppy I, A&T 319 

SD SYS. Versaflopppy II, A&T 429 

DELTA DD Disk Cont., A&T 345 

CONDUCTOR DD, A&T 269 

INTERSYSTEMS, FDC-2, A&T 439 

TARBELL DD. A&T 445 

SYSTEMS GROUP DD DMA 439 

ESCON CONVERSION FOR 

IBM SELECTRIC 

Complete with microprocessor controller and 
power supply. Factory built. User installs 
solenoid assembly or it . can be done at 
ESCON Factory. 

RS232 Serial & Parallel $534 

Cable for above 25 

PROM PROGRAMMERS 

SSMPB1 Kit $152 

SSM PB1. A&T 225 

MODEMS 

NOVATION CAT Acoustic Modem $149 

D-CAT Direct Connect 155 

AUTO-CAT Auto Ans 219 

APPLE CAT 329 

USD 103 LP Direct Connect 175 

103 JLP Auto Answer 209 

DC HAYES MICROMODEM II (Apple) . . 299 

MODEM 100 (S 100) 339 

Smart Modem (RS 232) 239 

Potomac Micro Magic (S 100) 339 



CALIFORNIA COMPUTER 
SYSTEMS 

Z80 CPU Board $ $269 

Disk Controller 2422, w/CP/M 359 

16K Static, A&T 259 

32K Static, A&T 399 

64K Dynamic RAM 335 

System 2210 w/64K, CP/M 2.2 1495 

CPU BOARDS 

(assembled unless noted) 

NORTHSTAR Z-80A (ZPB-A/A) $269 

INTERSYSTEMS (MPU-80) 349 

SSM CB1 8080, A&T 214 

CB2, Z-80, A&T 289 

CB2, Z-80, Kit 219 

DELTA Z-80 with I/O 289 

SD SYSTEMS, SBC-100, A&T 349 

SBC-200, A&T 399 

SYSfEMSGROUPZ-80with I/O 419 

MEMORY BOARDS 

NORTHSTAR 16K RAM $299 

HRAM64K 589 

HRAM32K 419 

CROMEMCO 16KZ 419 

CROMEMCO 64KZ 595 

MEMORY MERCHANT 

16K Static, 4MHz 159 

64K Static, 4MHz 549 

SYSTEMS GROUP 
(Measurement Systems & Controls) 

DM4800 48K Board 499 

DM6400 64K Board 529 

DMB6400 64K Board 595 

INTERSYSTEMS 64K Dynamic 845 

GODBOUT (A&T) 

CPUZ $$249 

CPU 808588 359 

RAM 20 30 359 

RAM 17 64 675 

RAM 21 1439 

Interface 1 210 

Interface 2 210 

Disk 1 419 

System Support 1 335 

Enclosure 2 (Desk) 699 

Enclosure 2 (Rack) 760 

VIDEO BOARDS I/O Mapped 

SD SYSTEMS 

VDB-8024, A&T $469 

SSM VB2 I/O, Kit 169 

VB2I/0, A&T 229 

MEMORY MAPPED 

VB1C, 16x64, Kit 152 

VB1C, 16x64, A&T 206 

VB3, 80 Char. 4MHz, Kit 359 

VB3, 80 Char. 4MHz, A&T 419 

APPLE BOARDS 

CALIFORNIA COMPUTER 
7710A Asynchronous Ser Interface. . . $129 
7712A Synchronous Der Interface . . . 149 

7424A Calender Clock 99 

7728A Centronics Printer Interface ... 99 

MOUNTAIN HARDWARE 

CPS Multifunction Board $199 

Supertalker SD200 259 

Romplus w/ keyboard filter 179 

Romplus w/o keyboard filter 130 

Keyboard filter ROM 49 

COPYROM 49 

Music System 459 

ROMWRITER 149 

Apple Clock 239 

A/D D/A 295 

Expansion Chassis 625 

VISTA 

8" Disk Controller (Apple II) $495 



All prices, F.O.B. shipping point, subject to change. All offers subject to withdrawal without notice, 
prior to shipment) . C.O.D.'s and credits cards are 2% higher. 



Advertised prices reflect a 2% cash discount (order prepaid 



MiniMicroMart, Inc 

943 W. Genesee St. P.O. Box 2992K Syracuse, N.Y. 13220 (315) 422-4467 TWX 710-542-0431 



Microcomputing, September 1982 101 



Hardware 

Use the PET standard joystick in- 
terface, shown in Fig. 4, when wiring 
to VIC. (There are several standard 
PET interfaces available; this is one 
of the most widely used.) 

The hardware needed for this 
project consists of the following: a 
DB-25P connector; a 12-position, 
24-contact edge connector with .156 
inch pin spacing, such as CINCH 
251-12-30-160; four 1N914 diodes 
(or equivalent); and, of course, two 
Atari-type joysticks. Since the DB- 
25P connector allows two joysticks to 
be plugged into it, the cost of separate 
DB-9P (the standard connector) is 
saved. Fig. 3 shows the pin layout for 
a typical Atari-type joystick. 

The DB-25P may be wired to the 
edge connector by using Fig. 4. Pin 
numbers for the DB-25P are marked 
on the connector. The edge connector 
pins used by this project are on the 
bottom row of the connector and are 
lettered A to N. Note that the edge 
connector can be incorrectly plugged 
in upside down. There is no polari- 
zation, so be careful! It is advisable 
to mark the top of the connector 
'this side up" as a reminder. 

Note the diodes connecting the 
push buttons to the user port. When 
a button is pressed, VIC's parallel 
port reacts as though the joystick is 
being pushed up and down simulta- 
neously (a rather improbable condi- 
tion!). 

VIC can then be programmed to 
know that whenever it sees that con- 
dition, a button has been pushed. The 
diodes prevent the real up and down 
switches from closing both circuits. 
Be sure to observe the polarity of the 
diodes when installing them. The 
cathodes or banded ends connect to 
the joystick buttons (pins 14 and 22 
on the DB -25P). 

Software 

The Basic subroutine in Listing 1 is 
designed as a general-purpose 
decoder for the two joysticks. It 
returns a value the same as the 
subroutine for the VIC game port as 
shown in the VIC Programmers 
Manual. 

Just add this subroutine to any pro- 
gram when you want to use dual 
joysticks and GOSUB 9000 whenever 
you want to check the joysticks. 

The DB-25P connector and the 
diodes should be available from local 
computer or electronics stores. The 
102 Microcomputing, September 1982 



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 



ABCDEFHJ KLMN 



Pin# 



Type 



Note 



Pin# 



Type 



Note 



1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 



GND 

+ 5V 

RESET 

JOY0 

JOY1 

JOY2 

LIGHT PEN 

CASSETTE SWITCH 

SERIAL ATN IN 

+ 9V 

GND 

GND 



100mA MAX. 



100mA MAX. 



A 
B 
C 
D 
E 
F 
H 

J 
K 

L 

M 
N 



GND 

CB1 

PB0 

PB1 

PB2 

PB3 

PB4 

PB5 

PB6 

PB7 

CB2 

GND 



Fig. 2. The VIC user port. 



edge connectors are a bit harder to 
find, though. One source for all of the 
connectors and joysticks, as well as 
programs using dual joysticks, is Rak 
Electronics, PO Box 1585, Orange 
Park, FL 32073. ■ 



USER PORT 



DB-25P 



Pin # Function 

1 Up Switch 

2 Down Switch 

3 Left Switch 

4 Right Switch 

5 Not Used 

6 Push Button 

7 Not Used 

8 Ground 

9 Not Used 



5432 1 

o o o o o 

o o o o 

98 76 



A 
B 
C 
D 

E 
F 
H 
J 
K 
L 
M 
N 






— o " 

12 o— 

—r\ 24 


















— O 

" o 










,0 >" 










9 O 

e° " 
O 

P 

o 

p 

6 o 
o ,8 
5 o 

_^-% 17 




































— o u 
4 o— 

—r\ l6 
























1 ^*r 





Fig. 3. Atari joystick pin layout. 



Fig. 4. DB-25P to edge connector wiring. 



10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

100 

110 

120 

130 

9000 

9010 

9020 



DIMJS(15):PC = 37136 

FOR 1 = TO 15 

READJS(I) 

NEXT I 

DATA 0,0,0,0,0,-23,-21 

DATA -22,0,21,23,22,0 

DATA -1,1,0 

REM * CHECK JOYSTICK 

GOSUB 9000 

PRINT J1;F1,J2;F2 

GOTO 110 

P = PEEK(PC):J1=JS(P AND 15) 

J2=JS((0.0625*P)AND 15) 

Fl = -((P AND 12) = 0):F2 = -((P AND 192) = 0):RETURN 

PC is the user port memory location. 

J1J2 are joysticks one and two, respectively. 

F1,F2 are the fire buttons on the joysticks. 
Listing 1. VIC joystick program. 



IT bEflLER DIRECTORY"! 



El Monte, CA 

Eagle II and M/ACOM-OSI busi- 
ness computer specialist. Serving 
greater Los Angeles area with all 
your business computer needs. In- 
house service, custom programming, 
terminals, printers, etc. Open 9 AM-6 
PM. Computer Challenge Corp., 
3380 Flair Drive, El Monte, CA 
91731. 

N. Hollywood, CA 

Wholesale prices to dealers and com- 
puter club members! Anadex, Cen- 
tronics, Corvus, Delta, Diablo, Ep- 
son, Godbout, Hayes, IDS, C. Itoh, 
Micro Pro, Mountain Computer, 
NEC, Novation, Okidata, Qume, 
TI, Televideo, Vector Graphic, Vis- 
ta, Zenith and others. Patio Com- 
puter Sales Co., Suite 204, 5451 
Laurel Canyon Blvd., N. Holly- 
wood, CA 91607. 762-0020. 



Nokomis, FL 

We are the leading area computer 
store. We carry Cromemco, Apple, 
Vector Graphic; printers and termi- 
nals. We offer full software support 
including G/L, A/R, payroll and 
word processing. Computer Cen- 
tre, 909 S. Tamiami Trail, PO 
Box 130, Nokomis, FL 33555. 
484-1028. 



Aurora, IL 

Microcomputer systems for home or 
business; peripherals, software, 
books and magazines. Apple, Hew- 
lett-Packard Series 80 Systems, HP 
calculators, IDS, Qume, Starwriter 
printers. Farnsworth Computer 
Center, 1891 N. Farnsworth 
Ave., Aurora, IL 60505. 
851-3888. 



ClAQlFIEDS 



Classified advertisements are intended for use by persons desiring to buy, sell or trade used computer 
equipment. No commercial ads are accepted. 

Two si:es of ads are available. The $5 box allows up to 5 lines uf about 15 characters per line, includ- 
ing spaces and punctuation. The $10 box allows up to 10 lines. Minimize use- of capital letters to save 
space. No special layouts allowed. Payment is required in advance with ad copy. We cannot bill or ac- 
cept credit. 

Advertising text and payment must reach us 00 days in advance of publication (i.e., copy lor March 
issue, mailed in February, must be here by Jan. 1). The publisher reserves the right to refuse ques- 
tionable or inapplicable advertisements. Mail copy with payment to Classifieds, Microcomputing, 
Peterborough, NH 03458. Do not include any other material with your ad as it may be- delayed. 



For sale — Motorola Exorset 30 computer, 48K 
expandable to 56K; with MEX6850 ACIA 
card, MEX6816 16K RAM card, MEX 68PP1 
EPROM prog.; software— XDOS, MBasic 
compiler, 6800,05,09 macro assemblers, edi- 
tor, exorbug monitor and more. All for $3000. 
Call Bob, 312-547-0611. 



Computer magazine back issues: 9 titles, 124 
issues, 1977-1982. Send stamped envelope 
for list. David Simmons, PO Box 7000-140, 
Redondo Beach, CA 90277. 



Microcomputing, #l-#65; Computing 
Teacher, May 81-Oct. 81 (6); Byte, Dec. 77, 
Aug. 79- July 80(13); Output, Mar. 80-June 

81 (16); Computer Decisions, May 81 -April 

82 (12); 55-50 Computing, Mar. 80-June 81 
(8); S-100 Microsystems, Jan. 80-April 82 
(VI#1-V3#2) (13); reasonable offers accept- 
ed — shipping extra. A. D. Choate, PO Box 
32488, Louisville, KY 40232. 

For sale or adoption: A 32K CBM/PET big 
keybd. computer ($800); 4040 dual disks 
($800); 2022 printer ($450); cassette ($70); 
MTU visible graphics board ($300); Toolkit; 
WP3; terminal software; JINSAM3.0; more 
than 100 programs. Package worth $4500, 
will sell for $2400 or as priced. Call Jerry, 
313-763-4403 (days), 313-426-8690 (nights). 

Complete 68000 system with 32K RAM, 16K 
monitor, parage} printer port, timer, cassette 
tape I/O, and auxiliary RS-232 port con- 



tained in an H-19 professional terminal. 
Monitor includes a single-line assembler-dis- 
assembler along with a host of normal com- 
mands including a help command. Can oper- 
ate the H-19 and aux. port in transparent 
mode. Excellent condition with all manuals 
only $1750. R. L. Riggs, 2865 Akron, East 
Point, GA 30344. 

For sale: genuine Radio Shack Level II 
ROMs, $100. Signalman modem $90, 16K 
Level II computer, $500. Contact Frank 
Weatherford, Rt. 12, Hidaway Hill #36, 
Gray, TN 37615. 615-477-7202. 

Wanted: TSC Miniflex DOS and disk at hex 
(7000-7FFF). Also SWTPC 8K memory 
board, MP8M. Steve Stanley, 1 Whitney 
Rd., Latham, NY 12110. 518-785-5089. 

For sale: DEC LSI 11/2 (KDUHA) CPU 
card, $350. KDF1 1 1 1/23 CPU w/MMU and 
22 bit add., $1350. KEV11 EIS/FIS for 
11/03, 11/2, $95. KEF11 FPP for 11/23, 
$325.MSVllDD64Kmem.,$375. All in like 
new cond. More PDP8, PDP11, LSI-11 
equip., write for full list. J. Simpson, Box 
632, West Caldwell, NJ 07006. 201-335-6919 
evenings/weekends. 



ZX-80/81 users groups: Free newsletter and 
software available from the Z-WEST users 
group. No SASE. No money. Just your 
name or group address. Write Z-WEST, PO 
Box 241 1, Vista, CA 92083. 



Pasadena, MD 

Altos, Apple, Osborne, Atari— sys- 
tems, software, service. Not just an- 
other computer store! We're a full- 
service problem solving center for 
small businesses. Computer Cross- 
roads, Inc., 9143G Red Branch 
Rd., Columbia, MD; 8220 
Ritchie Hwy., Pasadena, MD. 
730-5513/647-7111. 

Lodi, NJ 

Computer hardware: North Star, Ze- 
nith, Atari, CBM/PET, Qume, Ep- 
son and others. Software: EduWare, 
Professional Software, Zenith, North 
Star, Programma, Personal Software 
and others. Factory trained service 
dept. Books, magazines, etc. Full 
product line on display. Comtek 
Electronics, Inc., Rt. 46 West, 
Lodi, NJ. 472-2440. 

Staten Island, 
Brooklyn, NY 

Computer hardware: North Star, Ze- 
nith, Atari, CBM-PET, Qume, Ep- 
son and others. Software: EduWare, 



Professional Software, Zenith, North 
Star, Programma, Personal Software 
and others. Factory trained service 
department. Books, magazines, etc. 
Full product line on display. Com- 
tek Electronics Inc., Staten Is- 
land Mall, Staten Island, NY. 
698-7050; Coney Island Ave. 
and Ave. X, Brooklyn, NY. 332- 
5933. 

Akron, OH 

Atari video game authorized in- 
dependent servicenter. Games ser- 
viced by factory trained technicians. 
Fast turnaround. Dealer inquiries in- 
vited. We stock genuine Atari game 
and joystick parts. Greensburg 
Electronics, 2618 Massillon 
Road, Akron, OH 44312. 
644-3178. 

Woodbridge, VA 

Computer/ word-processing systems 
for business, school, home. Software, 
disk drives, printers. Books, maga- 
zines, supplies. Authorized CBM/ 
PET dealer, service. Consulting, 
training, maintenance contracts. 
MWF noon-8 PM, Saturday 9 AM-3 
PM. Virginia Micro Systems, 
Inc., 13646 Jefferson Davis 
Highway, Woodbridge, VA 
22191. 491-6502. Washington 
Metro 643-1063. 



Program Conversions 

Microcomputing welcomes and encourages its readers to submit con- 
versions of applications programs published in this magazine. You 
should send in conversions (a hard copy listing along with a cassette or 
disk) for the Apple, Atari, Commodore, Heath, IBM PC or Sinclair sys- 
tems. We'll check it to see that it runs OK and prepare it for possible 
publication. You'll be sharing your efforts with thousands of other 
users, who'll be able to add another selection to their program li- 
braries. Of course, you'll be rewarded handsomely for your efforts. 




-^K^- 






"I'm not sure, but I think it's an Apple." 



Microcomputing, September 1982 103 



The Game Room — Software Reviews 




Invaders, PaoMan 
Games Predominate 



Atari Space Invaders 

The only ' 'official" 
Space Invaders game 
For personal computers 

At long last the sneers of Apple owners 
can be laid to rest. We Atari owners are 
now the proud possessors of the only "of- 
ficial" Space Invaders game for personal 
computers. All others, no matter how 
much they resemble the classic arcade 
game, cannot even legally be called In- 
vaders. We have the real thing. 

Actually, Invaders purists will probably 
be disappointed in the Atari Space Invad- 
ers. Though the game concept remains 
the same, the actual playing field has been 
modified considerably. Gone are the sim- 
ple little black-and-white aliens. Yellow, 
red, aqua, white, blue and pink aliens in 
amazing animation descend on unpro- 
tected laser guns. (You get five guns in- 
stead of the old three.) The racks of aliens, 
rather than appearing all at once, emerge 
slowly from a rocket ship at the left of the 
screen. That ship descends slightly when 
a rack of the enemy is wiped out, prior to 
disgorging another batch to be extermi- 
nated. (The manual hints tantalizingly at 
something special that happens when 
the ship hits the ground, but I haven't 
survived that long yet.) 

That's not all, of course; as usual Atari 
has made excellent use of all the features 
of their machines. The big complaint that 
most arcade gamers have had with Apple 
and other versions of the game has been 
about the lack of sound compared to the 
arcade original. That sound, like the 
throbbing of distant drums, gradually 
speeds up as the game progresses. Atari, 
with a four-voice synthesizer to work 
with, has provided those nerve- wracking 
sounds to help spoil your concentration. 

But as good as this version is, there's 
more. We have not merely a single, un- 
changing game, but 12 versions. Differ- 
ent versions change the speed of the 
enemy laser beams, the number of laser 



Edited by Dan Muse 



guns you have (the Atari term is "lives") 
and, most diabolical of all, whether or not 
the lasers of the enemy home in on you. 

This is not a game you'll get tired of 
when you've figured out how to get the 
highest score (as is the case with Apple 
versions). In fact, the appearance of the 
"mystery ship" in this Atari version 
seems to be random. 

At $ 19.95 you'll want to add Atari Space 
Invaders to your game library. It's an easi- 
er game for kids to understand as well. Be- 
sides, think of all the quarters you'll save! 

William L. Colsher 
Lisle, IL 



Snakman 

A Pac-Man-type 
Game for the 
Commodore VIC-20 

These days a computer just isn't a 
computer unless it can play Space Invad- 
ers, Asteroids and Pac-Man. Some scorn 
the use of computers as mere game ma- 
chines, but, I admit, I love to sit in front of 
a good color monitor with a fresh new joy- 
stick in hand. 

The thrill of mastering a game, while 
all too short, is great. You see, I'm a kid. I 
saved my money and bought the Com- 
modore VIC-20 to play and write games. 

If you want a review of a game, who do 
you turn to? Ask the kids! They can tell 
you instantly if the game is any good. So 
in this article you're hearing it from the 
horse's mouth, so to speak. Do you like 
Pac-Man? Read on. 

Microdigital in Webster, NY, provides 
us with the latest version of Pac-Man — 
Snakman — for the VIC. In case you're un- 
familiar with Pac-Man, here's how a 
usual game goes. 

The Scenario 

You are placed in a maze with all the 
halls filled with white dots and an occa- 



sional gray dot. In the center of the maze 
is a chamber which contains four ghost- 
like creatures. At the start of the game 
these creatures are unleashed from their 
chamber in search of you. 

Your mission is to eat all the white dots 
while evading the ghosts. To your advan- 
tage you have the gray colored dots. 
When you eat the gray dots, the ghosts 
turn white (you thought ghosts were 
white! No, these are colors) and do their 
best to get away from you, and for good 
reason! When the ghosts turn white, you 
have the opportunity to eat them. 

The eaten ghosts return to the cham- 
ber and re-emerge ready to go after you 
again. They don't give up easily! 

After about 15 seconds a long, low note 
is sounded to warn you that the ghosts 
will soon regain their colors and resume 
the chase after you. Points are scored for 
each white dot and ghost eaten. 

You may also score bonus points by 
eating objects ranging from a star to a 
kettle. These objects appear randomly in 
a spot above the ghosts' chamber. While 
there is a certain risk in coming so close 
to the ghosts' home base, the points 
scored are well worth it. After eating a 
whole maze of dots, more dots appear 
and the ghosts get tougher. You are al- 
lowed to be eaten three times. That, la- 
dies and gentlemen, is Snakman! 

Mobility 

Mobility is an important factor in a fast- 
paced game like Snakman. You must 
have excellent control to twist your way 
through the maze eating as many dots as 
possible while evading the ghosts. 

Snakman may be played using either 
the keyboard or a joystick. Both provide 
good movement but the joystick is the 
easier of the two to use. 

The game also has somewhat of a type 
ahead feature. That is, you may make a 
turn before you actually have another 
hallway to turn onto. This way you can 
develop a sort of rhythm in "snaking" 
your way through the maze. 



104 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Peripherals 
Unlimited.. 



FANTASTIC PRICES! 

OUR FAST SERVICE, PRODUCT 
SELECTION AND OUR CUSTOMERS* 
SATISFACTION MAKE US #1. 



ZENITH 

Z-89-48K 
Z-90-64K DO 

Z-19 Terminal 
Z-121 Monitor 12" 


$2299 

$2588 

$777 

$149 



ATARI COMPUTERS 




Atari 800 16K 


$649 


Atari 400 


$318 


Atari Interface Module 


$174 


Atari 810 Single Disk 


$444 


Atari 830 Modem 


$166 


Programmer 


$59 


Entertainer 


$84 


Star Raiders 


$34 


16K Mem. Exp. for Atari 


$74 


32K Mem. Exp. for Atari 


$114 



NEC PRINTERS 



7710/30 Spinwrlter R/O 
7720 Spinwriter KSR 
3510/30 Spinwriter R/O 



CALL 
CALL 
CALL 



NEC DOT MATRIX 
PC-8023 $474 

Call for prices on ribbons, etc. 



MORE PRINTERS 




Anadex 9500/9501 


$1295 


Anadex DP-9000 


$1049 


Okidata Microline 82A 


CALL 


Okidata Microline 83A 


CALL 


Okidata Microline 84 


CALL 


Tractor (OKI80 + 82 only) 


$60 


Diablo 630 


$2044 



MONITORS 
Sanyo 12" GRN Phosphor 

Sanyo 12" Black + White 

Amdek 12" 300 GRN Phosphor 

Amdek12"Colorl 

Amdek Color II 

NEC 12" GRN Phosphor 

NEC 12" Color 



$266 
$239 
$149 
$319 
$779 
$164 
$344 



EPSON PRINTERS 




MX-80 w/Graphics 


CALL 


MX-80 FT (Friction + Tractor) 


CALL 


MX-100(15" Carriage) 


CALL 


Call for prices on 




Ribbons, Cables and Interfaces 


NEC-PC 8000 




Series Microcomputer 


• 


PC-8001 A Computer w/32K 


$888 


PC-8012Aw/32K + Exp. Slots 


$588 


PC-8031A Dual Mini Disk 


$888 


PC-8032A Add-on Mini Disk 


$777 


Call for Software Prices 





FOR THE LOWEST 
PRICE CALL 

TOLL FREE 

1 -800-343-41 1 4 



ORDERING INFORMATION 

Our order lines are open 9AM to 6PM 
EST Monday thru Friday. Phone 
orders are welcome; same day ship- 
ment on orders placed before 10AM. 
Free use of Mastercard and VISA. Per- 
sonal checks require 2 weeks 
clearance. Manufacturer's warranty 
included on all equipment. Prices sub- 
ject to revision. C.O.D.'s accepted. 



For service, quality and delivery call: 

PERIPHERALS UNLIMITED 
(617)655-7400 

62 N. Main St.* Natick, MA 01760 



Circle 19 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 105 



Playability 

One of the nice features of the original 
Pac-Man is that its ghosts are actually 
smart. They love nothing better than 
closing in on you for a tasty meal (and an- 
other quarter). Snakman is no exception. 
As the levels of play increase, the ghosts 
become increasingly harder to evade. It's 
very well done and almost like the 
original. 

Graphics and Sound 

The game screen and characters are 
obviously composed of the program- 
mable-character set available on the VIC. 
The maze graphics are fairly coarse, but 
the overall picture presented is clean and 
causes little eye strain (great for those all- 
night marathons!). 

Sound is another thing. During the en- 
tire game a high-pitched warbling sound 
accompanies your every move. I found 
that after an hour of play it was necessary 
to turn the volume down or off. A satisfy- 
ing Ka-Chunk occurs when you eat a 
white dot or ghost. 

Conclusion 

Considering the memory available on 
an unexpanded VIC (5K bytes), Snakman 
is a programming feat. The price of 
$ 16.95 is a bargain compared to versions 
for other computers, which cost upward 
of $30. The game is fun to play and defi- 
nitely a good buy. 

(Microdigital 752 John Glenn Blvd.. 
Webster, NY 1 4580.) 

Bill Price 
Mountain Lakes, NJ 



Galactic Chase 

An addicting 
Arcade game for 
The Atari 400/800 

Those of you who have enjoyed the ar- 
cade game GALAXIAN will have a blast, 
literally, with Galactic Chase. 

It runs in 16K for the Atari 400/800 
computer and uses joysticks. One or two 
players can play. It is written in machine 
language and is very fast and smooth on 
the screen. The graphics and sound are 
extremely well done and make very good 
use of the Atari graphic capabilities. 

Loading Galactic Chase is very simple. 
Just insert the tape into the 410 recorder 
and push the play button, then turn on 
the computer, while holding down the 
start button, and hit return. 

The tape will load in about two min- 
utes. The sound you hear is higher 
pitched than the usual CLOAD tape be- 
cause, according to the manufacturer, of 
the higher recording speed. 

You start the game by selecting one of 
the two options: number 1 for novice 



commanders (like myself) or number 2 
for more experienced galactic command- 
ers. Number 2 speeds up the attackers 
and slows down your missiles. 

When the screen first appears it looks 
like the game will be as easy as shooting 
fish in a barrel. Your command ship on 
the bottom of the screen has horizontal 
movement. There is a fleet of assorted 
aliens on the top of the screen, Space In- 
vaders style, but that is where the easy 
part ends. 

After you take your first few shots at 
those poor unsuspecting alien ships, they 
break out of formation and dive bomb 
your ship, dropping bombs and trying to 
crash into your command ship. 

You must move back and forth across 
the screen firing your missiles to get the 
alien ships. If you sit still too long they 
will home in on you (remember, this is a 
computer you are dealing with). If you 
must crash into an alien ship make sure 
you hit it head on and your magnetic re- 
pellers will destroy it. 

The ships are worth more points when 
they are attacking than they are in forma- 
tion. Should your command ship be de- 
stroyed, you have two more in reserve 
which will pop onto the screen at the de- 
mise of the previous ship. 

If you manage to destroy all of the alien 
ships in the fleet, you are rewarded with 
another invasion. The more fleets you de- 
stroy the more difficult they get until you 
reach the 31st (31st???) level where an 
invisible ray disables your missile 
launcher and slows down your missiles. 

This game also keeps track of your 
high score on the screen so you have 
something to shoot for. 

This game is very addicting, so be pre- 
pared for marathon sessions. I would rec- 
ommend this game for all people from 
eight to 80 who enjoy arcade-type games. 

(Spectrum Computers. 26618 South- 
Jleld. Southfield. MI 48076.) 

Richard D. Prill 
Pompano Beach, PL 



Munchkin and Invaders 

Enjoyable Heath games 

For those 

Up to the challenge 

First, I must say that these games 
should not be played by those with faint 
hearts, or weak forearms. Also, those 
with only a few hours to spend defending 
the world from an invading horde of outer 
space creatures, or avoiding little crea- 
tures with voracious appetites probably 
should not attempt these games. 

What, one might ask, are the two 
games being reviewed here? Munchkin is 



another name for Pac-Man, while Invad- 
ers pits the player against an unending 
horde of invading creatures, presumably 
from outer space. Whatever their origin, 
they have an unlimited reserve. They 
march across the screen in ranks five 
deep by ten wide. Their formation is per- 
fectly aligned and dressed, to the envy of 
any military man. 

At first glance, the immediate conclu- 
sion would be that the formation would 
make the creatures easier to destroy. Not 
so, because it is possible for the 
defender's projectile to go completely 
through the invader's ranks without 
scoring a single hit. 

The defender starts with three can- 
nons. Each time the invaders score a hit 
on the defender's cannon, it is lost. Lose 
three cannons without replenishing 
them and the fate of the world is in the 
hands of the invaders. More on how to re- 
plenish the cannon later. The defender is 
able to (and in fact must) move the can- 
non back and forth across the bottom of 
the screen (on the 24th line), firing at the 
invaders by hitting the space bar on the 
keyboard and hiding behind a set of four 
barriers. The barriers eventually suc- 
cumb to the incessant barrage of invad- 
ers' bombs and are destroyed. The de- 
gree of barrier destruction is dependent 
on the defender's proficiency: destroy the 
invaders before they destroy all three 
cannons or completely destroy the 
barriers. 

While they exist, the barriers allow the 
defender to stop for a brief respite 
(scratch an itchy nose which has never 
before itched, flex stiff fingers, etc.) or 
hide briefly against the invaders' bombs. 
Unfortunately, the barriers do not afford 
enough protection to allow the defender 
much of a respite. Some players I have 
seen playing the game actually prefer to 
destroy the barriers with their own can- 
non, thereby offering a clear field of fire at 
the invaders. 

The creatures march across the 
screen, dropping bombs which eventual- 
ly destroy the defender's barriers. At in- 
determinate intervals, the invaders ad- 
vance one row toward the defender. All 
the while, the invaders drop bombs 
which usually strike the protective barri- 
ers, although not always. All too often, 
the bombs hit the defender's cannon. As 
in baseball, three strikes and you're out. 
Unlike baseball, it is possible to increase 
the number of "outs" the defender is 
allowed. 

As the invaders march across the 
screen, they are accompanied at random 
intervals by a mother ship which moves 
from left to right across the top of the 
screen. The point value of the ship varies, 
depending, it would appear, on the num- 
ber of invaders on the screen. The mini- 
mum value is 50 points, while the maxi- 
mum seems to be 250. The higher values 



106 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 285 on Reader Service card. 



COMPUTERS 

SUPER BRAIN II $1935 

PMC-81 $565 

LNW-80 $1295 

LNW-80 II CP/M $2195 

FRANKLIN ACE $1475 

NEC 8001 $729 

TIMEX/SINCLAIR ZX-81 CALL 

PRINTERS 
EPSON 

MX-80 W. GRAFTRAX $435 

MX-80/FT. FRICT FEED $559 

MX-100 GRAFTRAX $729 

CENTRONICS 

739 SER OR PAR $499 

SMITH CORONA 

TP-1 $695 

CI TOH 

PROWRITER $459 

F-10 40CPSSERORPAR $1365 

F-10 55CPSSERORPAR $1615 

F-10TRACTOR FEED $195 

DISK DRIVES 

BASF $215 



Circle 172 on Reader Service card. 



Scotch" Diskettes 

Rely on Scotch* diskettes to keep your valu- 
able data safe. Dependable Scotch diskettes 
are tested and guaranteed error-free. The low 
abrasivity saves your read/write heads. 
They're compatible with most diskette drives. 




(800)235-4137 



MSA- 



Dealer Inquiries 
invited 




PACIFIC 
EXCHANGES 

100 root hill BWd 
San LoJs Obiapo. CA 

93401. InCal. call 
(8O0) 592 3935 or 
(SOS I 543 1037 



Circle 60 on Reader Service card. 



More than just an Assembler/Editor! 



It's a 

Professionally 

Designed 

Software 

Development 

System 




for 

PET 

APPLE 

ATARI 

$169.95 



Blast off with the software used on the space 
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• Designed to improve Programmer Productivity. 

• Similar syntax and commands - No need to relearn peculiar 
syntaxes and commands when you go from PET to APPLE 
to ATARI 

• Coresident Assembler/Editor - No need to load the Editor then the 
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• Also includes Word Processor, Relocating Loader, and much 
more. 

• Options: EPROM Programmer, unimplemented opcode circuitry 

• STILL NOT CONVINCED Send for free spec sheet 1 




PRICES YOU CAN'T BEAT!... 

TAN DON 

100-1 S/S 40 TRACKS $235 

100-2 D/S 40 TRACKS $319 

100-3 S/S 80 TRACKS $319 

100-4 D/S 80 TRACKS $375 

848 8" S/S CALL 

848 8" D/S CALL 

AM ELECTRONICS 

5 MEG HARD DISK W. DOS 

FOR TRS-80 $1675 

EXPANSIONS INTERFACES 
LNW RESEARCH 

BARE BOARD $69 

GOLD CONNECTORS ADD $25 

METAL CASE $55 

ASSM / TST / GOLD / CASE $349 

MICRO DESIGN 

MDX-2 BARE BOARD $69 

MDX-3 BARE BOARD $69 

MDX-2 ASSM/TST $349 

MDX-3 ASSM/TST $299 

ALUM CASE FOR MDX-2 $45 

NEC 

PC8012 I/O $485 

PC8031 DUAL DISK $695 



CRT MONITORS 
AMDEK 

BLK & WHT 100 $99 

GREEN 300G $159 

COLOR $359 

COLOR RGB $439 

TECO 

BLK & WHT $99 

GREEN $129 

COLOR RGB $429 

MOD CARD FOR RGB $35 

MODEMS 
MICROPERIPHERAL 

ATAR I $189 

APPLE $285 

TRS-80 $195 

TRS-80 COLOR $189 

ANCHOR AUTOMATION 

SIGNALMAN $85 

MICH. RES. ADD 4% TAX — POSTAGE: CALL FOR 
CHARGES. PRICES ARE DISCOUNTED FOR CASH & 
MONEY ORDERS (NON CERTIFIED CHECKS ALLOW 2 
WEEKS TO CLEAR). MASTERCARD AND VISA ADD 3%. 
NO COD. - NO PICK UPS; WE ARE MAIL ORDER ONLY. 




1/CCD A COMPUTER OUTLET 

f bV ■ #% 1 6727 Patton, Detroit Ml 482 1 9, (3 1 3) 53 



538-1112 



Circle 359 on Reader Service card. 



80 CHARACTER VIDEO BOARD -S-1 00 




All This on ONE BOARD: 

• Keyboard port with TYPE-AHEAD buffer 

• 8275 CRT controller with light pen port 

• Two 2716s — program & character rom's 

• Optional 2716 for CHARACTER GRAPHICS 

• All screen & keyboard ram 

• SIMULTANEOUS I/O or Memory mapped 

• Z-80 MPU-2 or 4 Mhz system clock 

• Easy to adapt Software 

• Uses only EAST-TO-GET parts 

• Use in any S- 100 system 

• 696 Bus Compliance: D8 M16 18 T200 

• Build for less than $200 

Now includes crystal & heat sink. 

Introducing The VDB-A 

Bare board with Documentation $49.50 

+ $2 s&h (III. res. add 6% tax) 

Simpiiwau PRODUCTS CO. Dept km 9 

P.O. Box 601, Hoffman Estates, IL 60195 

Dealer Inquiries Invited 

312/359-7337 



s ^^ n 



Microcomputing does not keep sub- 
scription records on the premises, 
therefore calling us only adds time 
and doesn't solve the problem. 

Please send a description of the 
problem and your most recent ad- 
dress label to: 

Microcomputing 
Subscription Dept. 
PO Box 981 
Farmingdale, NY 11737 



Circle 128 on Reader Service card. 




r 



• Supports the 
6801 micro- 
computer family 

• Only 4«6V 

Including a 4x2 " 
prototyping area 

• 2KByte* 
EPROM/2K Bytes" 
RAM RS-232 
Interface 

• Complete 
documentation 
(over 50 pages) 



MC6801 APPLICATIONS PROTOTYPE BOARD 

The APB is a small board which supports the MC6801 family of microcomputers It is 
described in Motorola s application note AN799 A typical 6801 member contains an 
enhanced 6800 processor 2K bytes of ROM 128 bytes of RAM. a 16-bit programmable 
timer parallel I/O and a serial communications interface In addition to the resources 
of the 6801 the APB provides an additional 2K bytes of EPROM (TMS2716). 2K bytes of 
RAM (2114L). and a full duplex RS-232 interface It also supports special versions such 
as the 6801 Gl with its LILbug* monitor, and provides on-board programming of the 
68701 EPROM version 

The APB is an excellent educational aid which allows for evaluation and familiarization 
of 6601 family members It is great tor prototype development. Since the nuts and 

bolts are already in place, the designer need only add the necessary interface circuits 
for a particular application It can also be used as a simple cost-effective dedicated 
controller for those limited quantity applications 

Besides being so practical it is a lun little board Order yours today 1 
• TM ol Motorola SemiconOuctor Products Inc 

APB 1 Bare board with documentation $19 

APB-2 Above assembled with all parts less microcomputer and memory $ 69 

APB-3 Above with MC6B01G1 and LILbug manual $109 

APB-4 Above with four 211 4L RAMS $129 

For the SS-30 Bus 

AD-68A A/D Converter - 8 channels. 8 bit. 0-2 5V input, 6ms conversion time - $39 A4T 

CI-68A Control Interface ■ 8 opto-isolated inputs. 8 reed relay outputs $79 kit. $98 A&T 



Terms Check MO VISA or MC In US and Canada add $3 per item for shipping Others 
add $7 per item US funds only TX add 5S lax Shipped from stock to two weeks 




INNOVATIVK TECHNOLOGY 

MO Oxford Park 

Garland, TX 75043 (2H) 270*593 



Circle 332 on Reader Service card. 



PRICE BREAK 



EPSON 
MX-80 

CARTRIDGE RIBBONS 



EA. 

$107.46 per dozen 

Minimum Order 3 Ribbons 
Price Includes Shipping 

We accept Mastercard and Visa 

^CHECK-MATE 

t^^ P.O. BOX 103, RANDOLPH. MA 02368 
V^ Call Toll Free - 1-800-343-7706 
In Massachusetts - 617-963-7694 



Microcomputing, September 1982 107 



seem to be available only when there are 
a lot of creatures on the screen, thereby 
protecting the ship and preventing a 
clean shot. 

The defender scores by hitting the in- 
vaders and as many mystery ships as 
possible. As stated earlier, there are five 
ranks of invaders. The closest rank has a 
point value of ten points per invader. 
Since it is more difficult to hit the far 
ranks, they have an increased point 
value (30 points). 

As the defender's score is increased, 
there are certain point levels at which the 
number of cannons left is increased by 
one. Since I am not, and do not profess to 
be, a proficient Invaders player, I cannot 
say with certainty at exactly what levels 
the cannons are replaced (besides, that 
would detract from the excitement of 
playing a new game). I can only say that 
one must reach 1 500 points before a can- 
non is replaced. Fifteen hundred points 
may not sound like much, but with those 
bombs raining on the defender, a rank 
novice will require a few games before 
the first cannon is replaced. Of course if 
no cannons have been lost thus far, the 
defender receives an extra one. 

After the initial 1500 point level, it 
seems that the next cannon is replaced 
about 500 points later, and in increments 



of 500 points. It is a testimony to the de- 
gree of concentration required that I was 
unable to accurately determine at what 
point level the defender is given more 
cannons. 

After one horde of invaders is defeated, 
another appears on the screen. The de- 



I personally 
cannot play 
Invaders very long 
before I get 
a headache 



fender's barriers are partially rebuilt. I 
suppose that if the game lasted long 
enough, the defender might be left with 
no protective barriers at all. It should be 
noted that the invaders release their 
bombs more rapidly with each new gen- 
eration of creatures. 

Thus, a combination of a greater fre- 
quency of bombs and fewer barriers to 
hide behind, coupled with forearm fa- 
tigue, conspire to doom the defender. If 
the defender is able to record a new high 
point score, the program asks for the de- 



fender's name, which is written to a disk 
file, there to be recorded for eternity or 
until someone beats that score. At the 
bottom of the screen is the high point 
score to beat. No fair using a text editor to 
edit the point file! 

One feature of the game which should 
appeal to anyone who has ever fired a 
weapon at a moving target is the fact that 
the defender's projectiles simulate a bal- 
listic trajectory: they have a finite time of 
flight relative to the target's speed. Thus, 
it is necessary to lead the target in order 
to hit it. That is especially true for the far- 
ther targets. Adding to the challenge is 
the fact that the creatures increase their 
speed across the screen as they get closer 
to the barriers. Therefore, it is necessary 
to judge the speed of the creature at 
which you are aiming each and every 
time. I can see that this game would have 
definite benefits in reinforcing marks- 
manship training which teaches leading 
the target. 

Munchkin is less violent in the sense 
that no one is being shot at or bombed; 
one must simply avoid being eaten by a 
pack of Munchkins (a.k.a. Pac-Men) with 
voracious appetites. As there is probably 
no kid of any age who has not seen, or at 
least heard of, Pac-Man, there is little 
need to go into much detail of the object 



Circle 68 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 82 on Reader Service card. 



TM 



"MR EDit" 

VIDEO TEXT EDITOR 

The INTELLIGENT Workhorse of CP/M & MP M 



>/ 



PARTIAL COMMAND SUMMARY: 

• Cursor Control up, down, left, right, by character, line, word, paragraph, screen, buffer; 
user defined tab stops User definable visible Tab and Carriage Return characters 

• Delete character, word, line (all bidirectional), to EOL BOL: area or paragraph 

• Ability to select any area of text for various operations 

• Automatic word wrapping at any column; automatic paragraph alignment. 

• List on Line Printer by line or area 

• Extensive search replace capabilities supports up to 10 simultaneous search replace 
arguments Local or Global search capability 

• Disk Directory and File Deletion, both selective by user, drive, and file, with wildcards 
allowed Selective Disk Reset 

• HORIZONTAL window control for easy editing of material wider than the screen 

• Primary and secondary files for both input and out. if needed 

• UNSURPASSED edit command files and iteration macros 

• Indent level control for structured programming 

• On-the-fly definition of a function key as any combination of commands 

FEATURING: 

• User Configurable to ANY non-memory mapped VDT with at least 12 lines of 64 columns 

• Fully screen oriented with comprehensive status information line 

• User defined mix of commands and function keys 

• Function keys are LIVE and screen of text stays in place and in view EVEN IN COMMAND 
MODE 

• Cursor is maintained in proper text location EVEN IN COMMAND MODE 

• Can reference any combination of Drives and User Numbers 

• English language commands can be abbreviated as desired 

• Insert, Overwrite, and Command modes 

• Can be used Standalone or with a Text Processor for Word Processing 

• Handies MBASIC Line continuation 

• User may specify ANY command as a command key via configuration program. Special 
prefix keys (also definable) allow multi-function command keys THE ENTIRE COMMAND 
KEY STRUCTURE. BOTH LAYOUT AND CONTENT. IS USER-CONFIGURABLE 

ONLY $119.95 with complete documentation and installation 

instructions. Manual is available separately for $15.00 (Tn 

residents add 6.75% sales tax). VISA and MasterCard welcome. 

Order today by letting us know the disk format desired. 

Free technical summary available on request. 

Micro Resources Corporation 

6922 Harding Road, Suite 1 1 7-A 

Nashville, Tennessee 37221 

615-352-4605 

Dealer inquiries welcome 

CP M and MP M are trademarks of Digital Research Inc 

MR EDit is a trademark of Micro Resources Corporation 



MICROSTAT® - Release 3.0 

MICROSTAT® + baZic® - PERFORMANCE 

The best just got better! MICROSTAT has been the 
leader in the statistics field for microcomputers since 
1979, and the new release 3.0 outperforms and is 
noticeably faster than previous versions. Just a few 
of the features include: 

GREATER ACCURACY 

BCD with up to 14 digit precision; 

PROGRAM ENHANCEMENTS 

Missing data capabilities and many more; 

FASTER EXECUTION 

Calculation time greatly reduced; 

DYNAMIC FILE ALLOCATION 

Data can be inserted, added, or deleted; 

SPECIAL PRICE: 

For a limited time get MICROSTAT plus baZic 
complete with program disk and documen- 
tation for each for $395.00, save $50.00! 

The MICROSTAT - baZic version requires: a Z80 CPU, 
CP/M™ and 48K of memory. Available formats: 8" SD 
disk or 5V*" North Star only. Check with your dealer for 
other formats. Also available for: Microsoft's Basic-80™, 
North Star DOS and IBM. For more information, call 
or write: 

ECOSOFT INC. 

P.O. Box 68602 

Indianapolis, IN 46268-0602 

(317) 255-6476 

MICROSTAT is a registered trademark of ECOSOFT. INC 

baZic is a registered trademark of MICROMIKES. INC 

CP/M is a registered trademark of DIGITAL RESEARCH 

Basic-80 is a registered trademark of MICROSOFT 





vtsa- 



108 Microcomputing, September 1982 



of the game. Munchkin seems to have 
very accurately captured the Pac-Man ac- 
tion, less, of course, the sound effects. 

There are books on the market which 
detail a strategy to outsmart the little 
creatures. I have not purchased one, so I 
cannot vouch for whether or not the 
same strategy will work here. I have no- 
ticed, however, a very welcome flaw in 
the game. If the player puts his creature 
in one of the blind areas of the maze and 
does not move him, the creatures we are 
trying to eat become disoriented. This 
lets the player retire to the refrigerator for 
a much-needed libation, stretch, or to 
soothe an upset spouse who wishes to 
hear a human voice rather than inces- 
sant beeps from the terminal. 

Munchkin uses slightly different 
graphics characters than Pac-Man. When 
the Munchkin has acquired a power 
point, the face of the Munchkin changes, 
and a prompt appears at the bottom of 
the screen. This signifies that the Munch- 
kin is able to eat the bad guys. The 
prompt at the bottom of the screen is dif- 
ficult to see because of the concentration 
required, but the face change of the 
Munchkin partly compensates for that. 

Both games have the same scorekeep- 
ing methods, and offer the opportunity to 
better one's score or try to beat another's. 



The instructions which accompany the 
disk (dual formatted for HDOS and CP/M 
on the same disk) are excellent. They 
even tell how to modify the game to cre- 
ate different versions (change the speed 
of play, change what the creatures look 
like, what the maze looks like, etc). In the 
event that the player wishes to change 
the graphics, such as the appearance of 
the creatures, a graphics editor, such as 
The Software Toolworks' ED-A-SKETCH, 
is required. 

Both games pit the player against him- 
self, and therein lies the appeal. Because 
the highest score attained is displayed on 
the 25th line, it is always there as a re- 
minder that improvement is possible. 

Both games use graphics extensively. 
Invaders, by its very nature, uses more 
graphics. The creatures are constantly 
moving, which means that each creature 
must be drawn in one position, left there 
for a predetermined period of time, then 
erased and moved to the next position. 
Because of the relatively low data rate of 
the H-19 terminal (compared to the re- 
paint rate of the graphics), the screen ap- 
pears to tear from time to time. 

I personally cannot play Invaders very 
long before I get a headache, although 
my experiences do not seem to be univer- 
sal in that respect. Forearm fatigue, men- 



tioned earlier, is a result of having to keep 
the fingers of the right hand poised above 
the right-hand keypad, ready to press 
any of the arrow keys to move the cannon 
or creature left or right, or in the case of 
Munchkins, up or down. I have found 
that my nerves become rather frayed 
also. Therefore, for me at least, the games 
are not relaxing if played for more than 
half an hour at one sitting. 

I must say in all honesty that I have 
thoroughly enjoyed reviewing these two 
video games from The Software Tool- 
works. My two-and-a-half-year-old 
daughter takes great delight in sitting on 
my lap, pounding on the keyboard space 
bar, and shouting, "I got one!" when 
playing Invaders. While I would not rec- 
ommend playing them as a steady diet, 
they certainly have their place in any 
well stocked library of home computer 
programs. 

Invaders is catalogue number 214; 
Munchkin is catalogue number 217. 
Both cost $19.95 plus $2 per order for 
shipping and handling. Both will run on 
any H-8/H- 1 7/H- 19 system or any H/Z-89 
running HDOS or CP/M. 
(The Software Toolworks, 14478 Gloriet- 
ta Drive, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423.) 

J.C. Hassall 
Blacksburg, VA 



Circle 249 on Reader Service card. 



APPLE SPEAKS 
INTELLIGENTLY! 



The people who dared to teach Atari to talk are again 
challenging the microcomputer establishment with the 
VOICEBOX Speech Synthesizer for Apple. This low cost intel- 
ligent peripheral can speak thousands of words unassisted, 
generated directly from its firmware ROM dictionary lo- 
cated on its plug-in card. This means that speech, with 
variable intonation and speed, can be used in any of your 
apple programs without ever having to bother loading a 
disk. And, in case you want to expand your dictionary to 
include unusual words or words in foreign languages, you 
can easily define them with our 64 phonemes and store 
them by the thousands on one of the six special dictionaries 
provided for on our disk. 

In addition your VOICEBOX for Apple can be easily coded to 
sing on key with uniform barlengths and you can store 
(record) your songs on disk, retrieving and modifying sec- 
tions whenever you want. With the disk system, you'll also 
enjoy an educational random sentence generator and 
graphic speech animation! The VOICEBOX for Apple will 
run on 32K Apple II with Applesoft or Apple II Plus systems 
equipped with sixteen-sector disk drives. VOICEBOX for 
Apple comes with loudspeaker and disk. The Alien Group 
also makes a less expensive VOICEBOX for Apple with all 
features (including expandable disk dictionary), but ex- 
cluding firmware ROM and singing capability. Speaker is 
optional on this unit. 




For Atari users, 
the VOICEBOX for 
16K and up Atari 
plugs directly into the 
serial port. No extra cables are 

needed and no speaker is needed since the speech comes 
directly over your TV monitor. This unit has all speech syn- 
thesis features except singing and firmware ROM. 

AL-3001 VOICEBOX for Apple. With firmware ROM, singing 

capability and speaker $215.00 

AL-3501 VOICEBOX for Apple. Without firmware ROM, 

singing capability and speaker $1 39.00 

AL-4001 Speaker for AL-3501 (the AL-3501 will also work 

with any other speaker) $15.00 

AL-5001 VOICEBOX for Atari $169.00 

All mail orders are on a 10 day moneyback guarantee if 
you're not completely satisfied. When ordering enclose 
check or money-order or state VISA or MASTERCARD num- 
ber. Send mail orders to: 

THE ALIEN GROUP 

27 West 23rd Street 

Dept. MC-3 

New York, New York 1 00 1 



or Telephone orders 
from 1 AM to 6 PM 
New York time 
(212)924-5546 



ALSO AVAILABLE AT LEADING COMPUTER STORES 
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 109 



A Quick and Dirty 

Input Port 



Convert an unused ROM space to add another input port 

to a single board computer. 

By Ladimer S. Nagurney 



While adapting a single board 
computer to an instrumenta- 
tion system, I needed an additional 
eight-bit input port. Although I could 
have added another PIA using the ex- 
pansion capabilities of the board, I 
searched for a simpler means of ex- 
panding. Lacking on-board wire- 
wrapping area or additional IC space 
I wondered if some of the unused 
programmable read-only memory 
(PROM) space could be converted 
into an input port. 

The spare on-board ROM socket 
was for one of the generic, byte- wide 
ROMs (2316, 2332) or EPROMs 
(2708, 2716) that use +5 V and 





2316B 


2332 


2708 


2716 




2Kx8 


4Kx8 


1KX8 


2Kx8 


01 


9 


9 


9 


9 


02 


10 


10 


10 


10 


03 


11 


11 


11 


11 


04 


13 


13 


13 


13 


05 


14 


14 


14 


14 


06 


15 


15 


15 


15 


07 


16 


16 


16 


16 


08 


17 


17 


17 


17 


CE* 


20 


20 


20 


20 


+ 5V 


24 


24 


24 


24 


GND 


12 


12 


12 


12 


•Note: CEis 


enabled when low. 


Table 1. Pinout diagrams for poput 


ar memo- 


ry chips. 











ground. Except for the number of ad- 
dress lines, they have identical 
pinouts (Table 1). Replacing the 
ROM with tri-state buffers gated by 
the ROM chip enable provides a port 
that takes up a lot of address space, 
but no additional board space. Tri- 
state buffers, such as the Octal 
74LS240 (inverting) or 74LS241 (non- 
inverting), can be used to buffer the 
input data. 
Because I wanted the system to be 



Function 


ROM pin 


74LS240(l)pin 


CE* 


20 




1,19 


Dl 


9 




5 


D2 


10 




7 


D3 


11 




9 


D4 


13 




12 


D5 


14 




14 


D6 


15 




16 


D7 


16 




18 


D8 


17 




3 


+ 5V 


24 




20 


GND 


12 




10 


Dl in 






15 


D2in 






13 


D3 in 






11 


D4in 






8 


D5in 






6 


D6in 






4 


D7in 






2 


D8 in 






17 


Table 2. Pinout connections for 


ROM socket 


assembly. 









one-board and was unsure of the 
driving capabilities of the bus, I did 
not want to extend the bus. A 20-pin 
DIP socket was mounted on top of a 
24-pin DIP header attached by short 
bare wires (see Table 2). This 
assembly was plugged into the ROM 
socket. A cable of nine wires for the 
data plus ground was attached to the 
input pins of the buffer and routed to 
a connector on the computer enclo- 
sure. After testing, the space between 
the socket and the header was potted 
with five-minute epoxy to insure 
both mechanical stability and elec- 
trical insulation. 

The port is enabled whenever a 
read operation to the address space of 
the ROM occurs. For example, if the 
ROM was a 2716 located beginning at 
A000 this would be any address be- 
tween A000 and A7FF. Any instruc- 
tion that reads from these memory 
locations may be used to input data. 

This idea can be used with any 
system that has an extra ROM socket 
or on the ROM board of a larger sys- 
tem. Even if the memories do not use 
only + 5 V and ground, this idea may 
be used. For example, with a 1702 
board all you have to do is provide a 
separate ground connection. ■ 



Address correspondence to Ladimer S. Nagurney, 
123 Burlington St., Providence, RI 02906. 



110 Microcomputing, September 1982 



• 



Diskettes 



Single User System 



Single Board Computer 



PREMIUM DISKETTES - Jade 

We proudly put our name on these high quality diskettes - 

5%" Diskettes. Box of Ten 

MMD-5110103 SS, SD, 01S $29.00 

MMO-5111003 SS, SD, 10S $29.00 

MMD-5111603 SS, SD. 16S $29.00 

MMD-5120103 SS.DD.01S $31.00 

MMD-5121003 SS. DD, 010 $31.00 

MMD-5121603 SS, DD, 16S $31.00 

8 Diskettes, Box of Ten 

MMD-8110103 SS, SD, 01S $31.00 

MMD-8120103 SS, DD, 01S $39.00 

MMD-8220103 DS.DD.01S $48.00 

BARGAIN DISKETTES 

MMD-51 10105 5V 4 " SS. DD. 01 S $19.95 

MM D- 5220 105 5 1 / 4 " DS. DD. 01S $32.95 

MMD-81 10105 8" SS. SD. 01S $24.95 

MMD-8120105 8" SS, DD. 01S $32.95 

MMP-8220105 8" SS. DD, 01S $35.95 



Video Monitors 



HI-RES 12" GREEN - Zenith 

75 MHz bandwith 700 lines/ inch, P31 green phosphor, 
switchable 40 or 80 columns, small, light-weight & portable. 
VDM-201201 List price $189 95 $129.95 



12" GREEN SCREEN - NEC 

20 MHz bandwidth, P31 phosphor ultra- high resolution 

video monitor with audio. 

VDM-561200 List price $289 95 $199.95 

12" COLOR MONITOR - NEC 

High resolution color monitor with audio. 

VDC-651212 Color monitor $389.95 

NEC-1202D RGB color monitor $999.95 

13" COLOR MONITORS - BMC 

18 MHz RGB A composite video color monitors. 

VDC-421320 13" RGB Color $329.95 

VDC-421310 13" Composite video $299.95 

VDX-420090 RGB card for Apple $149.95 

COLOR MONITORS - Amdek 

Reasonably priced color video monitors. 

VDC-80130 13" Color I $379.95 

VDC-801320 13" Color II $894.95 

IOV-2300A DVM board for Apple $199.95 

AMBER or GREEN MONITORS - Jade 

High resolution 18 MHz compact video monitors. 

VDM-751210 12" Amber phosphor $149.95 

VDM-751220 12" Green phosphor $139.95 

VDM-750910 9" Amber phosphor $149.95 

VDM-750920 9" Green phosphor $139.95 



Modems 



SIGNALMAN - Anchor 

Direct-connect automatic answer/originate selection, 300 
Baud full duplex, Bell 103. includes RS-232 cable 
IOM-5600A Signalman $98.50 

SMARTMODEM - Hayes 

Sophisticated direct-connect auto-answer/auto-dial 
modem, touch-tone or pulse dialing. RS-232C interface, 
programmable 

IOM-5400A Smartmodem $248.95 

IOK-1500A Hayes Chronograph $218.95 

IOM-2010A Micromodem II $328.95 

IOM-1100A Micromodem 100 $368.95 



EPROM Erasers 



ULTRA-VIOLET EPROM ERASERS 

Inexpensive erasers for industry or home 

XME-3100A Spectronics wlo timer $69.50 

XME-3101A Spectronics with timer $94.50 

XME-3200A Economy model $39.95 



THREE BOARD SET - SD Systems 

4 MHzZ-80A CPU, 64K RAM (optional 256K), serial I/O port, 
parallel I/O port, double density disk controller, CP/M 2.2 & 
manual set, system monitor, control & diagnostic software. 
Includes SBC-200. 64K ExpandoRAM II, Vorsafloppy II, & 
CP/M 2.2 - all boards are assembled & tested. 

Board set with 64K of RAM $1095.00 

Board set with 256K of RAM $1295.00 



Apple II Accessories 



16K RAM CARD - for Apple II 

Expand your Apple to 64K, 1 year warranty 
MEX-16700A Save $125.00 Iff $69.95 



ADD-ON DISK DRIVE - for Apple II 

Inexpensive direct replacement for Apple Disk II, works with 
Apple II controller as first or second drive. 

MSM-123200 Add On Drive $319.95 

MSM-123100 Controller $94.95 



Z-80 CPU CARD - for Apple II 

Two computers in one, Z-80 & 6502, more than doubles the 
power and potential of your Apple, includes Z-80 CPU card 
CP/M and complete manual set. 
CPX-62800A A & T with software $249.95 



8" DISK CONTROLLER - Vista 

New from Vista Computer, single or double sided, single or 
double density, compatible with DOS 3.2/3.3, Pascal, & 
CP/M 2.2, Shugart & Qume compatible 
IOD-2700A A & T $499.95 



2 MEGABYTES for Apple II 

Complete package includes: Two 8" double-density disk 

drives, Vista double-density 8" disk controller, cabinet, 

power supply, & cables, DOS 3.2/3.3, CP/M 2.2, & Pascal 

compatible. 

1 MegaByte Package Kit $1495.00 

1 MegaByte Package A & T $1695.00 

2 MegaByte Package Kit $1795.00 

2 MegaByte Package A & T $1995.95 



APPLE-CAT - Novation 

Software selectable 1200 or 300 baud, direct connect, auto- 
answer/auto-dial, auxiliary 3- wire RS232C serial port for 
printer. 
IOM-5232A Save $50.00!!! $325.95 



VISION 80 - Vista Computer 

80 column x 24 line video card for Apple II. 128 ASCII 
characters, upper and lower case, 9 x 10 dot matrix with 3 dot 
descenders, standard data media terminal control codes, 
CP/M Pascal & Fortran compatible, 50/60 Hz 
IOV-2400A Vista Vision 80 $299.95 



CPS MULTICARD - Mtn. Computer 

Three cards in one! Real time clock/calendar, serial 
interface. & parallel interface - all on one card. 
IOX-2300A A & T $179.95 



HI-RES GRAPHICS CARD - Genie 

Intelligent printer interface and control card allows full high 
resolution graphics and screen dumps. 

IOP-2405A Genie for Epson $119.95 

IOP-2410A Genie for Okidata $119.95 

IOP-2415A Genie for NEC/C. Itoh $119.95 



Power Strips 



ISOBAR - GSC 

Isolates & protects your valuable equipment from high 
voltage spikes & AC line noise, inductive isolated ground. 15 
amp circuit breaker, U.L. listed 

EME-115103 3 socket $39.50 

EME-115105 4 socket $49.50 

EME-115100 8 socket $54.50 

EME-115110 9 socket rackmount $74.50 



SUPERQUAD - Adv. Micro Digital 

Single board, standard size S-100 computer system. 4 MHz 
Z-80A. single or double density disk controller for 5'/ 4 " or 8" 
drives. 64K RAM, extended addressing, up to 4K of EPROM, 
2 serial & 2 parallel I/O ports, real time interrupt clock. CP/M 
compatible. 

CPC-30800A A & T $724.95 

IOX-4232A Serial I/O adapter $29.95 



Z-80 STARTER KIT - SD Systems 

Complete Z-80 microcomputer with RAM. ROM. I/O. 
keyboard, display, kludge area, manual. & workbook. 

CPS-30100K Kit with workbook $299.95 

CPS-30100A A & T with workbook $469.95 



AIM-65 - Rockwell International 

Complete 6502 microcomputer with alphanumeric display, 
printer, keyboard. & instruction manual. 

CPK-50165A 1K AIM-65 $424.95 

CPK-50465A 4K AIM-65 $474.95 

SFK-74600008E 8K Basic ROM $64.95 

SFK-64600004E 4K assembler ROM $43.95 

SFK-74600020E PL 65 ROM $84.95 

SFK-74600010E Forth ROM $64.95 

SFK-74600030E Instant Pascal $99.95 

PSX-030A Power supply $64.95 

ENX-000002 Enclosure $54.95 

SPECIAL PACKAGE 

4K AIM-65. 8K Basic, power supply, & enclosure 
Special Package Price $649.95 



S-100 EPROM Boards 



PROM-100 - SD Systems 

2708. 2716. 2732 EPROM programmer with software 

MEM-99520K Kit with software $189.95 

MEM-99520A A & T with software $249.95 

PB-1 - SSM Microcomputer 

2708. 2716 EPROM board with on-board programmer. 

MEM-99510K Kit with manual $154.95 

MEM-99510A A & T with manual $219.95 

EPROM BOARD - Jade 

16K or 32K uses 2708 or 2716 EPROMs. 1K boundary 

MEM-16230K Kit wo EPROMs $79.95 

MEM-16230A A & T wio EPROMs $119.95 



S-100 Video Boards 



SPECTRUM COLOR - CompuPro 

Full-function color graphics board, up to 8 colors. 256 x 192 
graphics, parallel I/O port. 8K RAM. 

IOV-1870A A & T $348.95 

IOV-1870C CSC $398.95 

MICROANGELO - Scion 

Ultra-high-resolution 512 x 480. 256 color or black & white S- 

100 video board 

IOV-1500A A & T $999.95 



S-100 MotherBoards 



ISO-BUS - Jade 

Silent, simple, and on sale - a better motherboard 
6 Slot {§%" x 8*/,") 

MBS-061B Bare board $19.95 

MBS-061 K Kit $39.95 

MBS-061A A & T $59.95 

12 Slot (93/« * 8%") 

MBS-121B Bare board $29.95 

MBS-121K Kit $69.95 

MBS-121A AS, T $99.95 

18 Slot (14y 3 " x tfifs") 

MBS-181B Bare board $49.95 

MBS-181K Kit $99.95 

MBS-181A A & T $139.95 

ACTIVE TERMINATOR - CompuPro 

A true mother's helper. 
TSX-100A A & T $59.45 



Prices may be slightly higher at our retail locations. Please call the store nearest you for local price and availability. 



Circle 48 on Reader Service card. 



S-100 CPU Boards 



8086/8087 - CompuPro 

16 bit. 8 or 10 MHz 8086 CPU with provisions for 8087 & 
80130 

CPU-70520A 8 MHz 8086 A & T $624.95 

CPU-70520C 8 MHz 8086 CSC $764.95 

CPU-70530A with 8087 A & T $1224.95 

CPU-70530C with 8087 CSC $1455.95 

8085/8086 - CompuPro 

Both 8 & 16 bit CPUs, standard 8 bit S-100 bus, up to 8 MHz. 
accesses 16 Megabytes of memory. 

CPU-20510A 6 MHz A & T $398.95 

CPU-20510C 68 MHz CSC $497.95 

CPU-Z - CompuPro 

2/4 MHz Z80A CPU. 24 bit addressing 

CPU 30500A 2 4 MHz A & T $279.95 

CPU-30500C 3 6 MHz CSC $374.95 

SBC-200 - SD Systems 

4 MHz Z-80 A CPU with serial <& parallel I/O. 1K RAM. 8K 

ROM space, monitor PROM included 

CPC-30200A A & T $399.95 

THE BIG Z - Jade 

2 or 4 MHz switchable Z-80 CPU board with serial I/O. 
accomodates 2708. 2716. or 2732 EPROM. baud rates from 
75 to 9600 

CPU-30201B Bare board wi manual $35.00 

CPU-30201K Kit with manual $149.95 

CPU-30210A A & T with manual $199.95 

CB-2 - SSM Microcomputer 

2 or 4 MHz Z-80 CPU board with provision for up to 8K of 
ROM or 4K of RAM on board, extended addressing. IEEE S- 
100. front panel compatible 

CPU-30300K Kit with manual $229.95 

CPU-30300A A & T with manual $274.95 

2810 Z-80 CPU - CCS. 

2 or 4 MHZ Z-80 CPU with serial I/O port & on-board monitor 

PROM, front panel compatible 

CPU-30400A A & T with PROM $289.95 

2820 Z-80 DMA CPU - CCS. 

4 MHz Z-80 CPU board with 2 serial I/O ports & Centronics 
parallel 10 port, separate data & status ports. DMA daisy 
chain compatible 
CPU-30420A A & T with manual $569.95 



S-100 Disk Controllers 



DISK 1 - CompuPro 

8" or 5V 4 " DMA disk controller, single or double density, 
single or double sided. 10 MHz. 

IOD-1810A A & T .... $449.95 

IOO-1810C CSC $554.95 

SFC-52506580F 8" CP/M 2 2 for Z-80 $174.95 

SFC-52506586F 8" CP/M 2 2 for 8086 $299.95 

SFO-54158000F Oasis single user $499.95 

SFO-54158002F Oasis multi-user $849.95 

VERSAFLOPPY II - SD Systems 

Double density disk controller for any combination of 5 1 / 4 " 
and 8" single or double sided, analog phase-locked loop 
data separator, vectored interrupts. CP/M 22 & Oasis 
compatible, control/diagnostic software PROM included 

IOD-1160A A & T with PROM $359.95 

SFC-55009047F CP/M 2 2 with VF II $99.95 

2242 DISK CONTROLLER - CCS. 

5V 4 " or 8" double density disk controller with on-board boot 

loader ROM. free CP/M 2 2 & manual set 

IOD-1300A A & T with CP/M 2 2 $399.95 

DOUBLE D - Jade 

High rehabhty double density disk controller with on-board 
Z-80 A. auxiliary printer port, IEEE S-100. can function in 
mult i- user interrupt driven bus 

IOD-1200B Bare board & hdwr man $59.95 

IOD-1200K Kit w I hdwr & sftwr man $299.95 

IOD-1200A A & T whdwr & sftwr man $359.95 

SFC-59002001F CP/M 2 2 with Double D $99.95 



S-100 Memory Boards 



256K RAMDISK - SD Systems 

ExpandoRAM III expandable from 64K to 256K using 64K x 1 
RAM chips, compatible with CP/M, MP/M, Oasis. 
Cromemco, & most other Z-80 based systems, functions as 
ultra-high speed disk drive when used with optional 
RAMDISK software. 

MEM-65064A 64K A & T $474.95 

MEM-65128A 128K A & T $574.95 

MEM-65192A 192K A & T $674.95 

MEM-65256A 256K A & T $774.95 

SFC-55009000F RAMDISK sftwr CP/M 22 $44.95 

SFC-55009000F RAMDISK with EXRAM III $24.95 

128K RAM 21 - CompuPro 

128K x 8 bit or 64K x 16 bit static RAM board, 12 MHz, 24 bit 
addressing. 

MEM-12810A A & T $1609.95 

MEM-12810C CSC $1794.95 



64K RAM 17 - CompuPro 

64K CMOS static RAM board. 10 MHz. low power less than 4 
watts. DMA compatible. 24 bit addressing. 

MEM-64180A 64K A & T $549.95 

MEM-64180C 64K CSC $698.95 

64K RAM 16 - CompuPro 

32K x 16 bit or 64K x 8 bit low power static RAM board, 10 
MHz, 24 bit addressing. 

MEM-32180A RAM 16 A & T $598.95 

MEM-32180C RAM 16 CSC $698.95 



64K STATIC RAM - SSM 

IEEE 696/S- 100 standard, up to 6MHz/8 Bit. 12MHz/16Bit. 24 
Bit extended addressing, disable-able in 2K increments 
MEM-64300A A & T $499.95 

64K STATIC RAM - Mem Merchant 

64K static S-100 RAM card, 4 to 16K banks up to 8 MHz 
MEM-64400A 64K A & T $499.95 

2065 64K RAM - CCS. 

4 MHz bank port /bank byte selectable, extended addressing. 
16K bank selectable, front panel compatible. 
MEM-64565A 64K A & T $349.95 

2066 64K RAM - CCS. 

64 K RAM board with bank and block select switching 
functions for Cromemeco Cromix & Alpha Micro 
MEM-64566A 64K A & T $424.95 

64K EXPANDORAM II - SD Systems 

Expandable RAM board from 16K to 64K using 4116 RAM 
chips. 

MEM-16630A 16K A & T $344.95 

MEM-32631A 32K A & T $364.95 

MEM-48632A 48K A & T $384.95 

MEM 64633A 64K A & T $399.95 

MEMORY BANK - Jade 

4 MHz S-100 bank selectable expandable to 64K. 

MEM-99730B Bare board w /manual $49.95 

MEM-99730K Kit with no RAM $179.95 

MEM-32731K 32 K kit $199.95 

MEM-64733K 64K kit $249.95 

Assembled & Tested add $50.00 

32K RAM 20 - CompuPro 

32K static RAM, up to 10 MHz. disable-able in 4K banks, bank 
select or 24 bit addressing. 

MEM-16180A 16K A & T $259.95 

MEM-16180C 16K CSC $324.95 

MEM-24180A 24K A & T $324.95 

MEM-24180C 24K CSC $384.95 

MEM-32185A 32K A & T $384.95 

MEM-32185C 32K CSC $449.95 



16K STATIC RAM - Mem Merchant 

4MHz lo-power static RAM board, IEEE S-100. bank 
selectable, addressable in 4K blocks, disable-able in 1K 
segments extended addressing 
MEM-16171 A 16K A A T $149.95 



S-100 I/O Boards 



SYSTEM SUPPORT 1 - CompuPro 

Real time clock, three 16 bit interval timers, dual interrupt 
controlled 15 levels), up to 4K EPROM/RAM. RS-232C 
serial channel, provision for 951 1 A 9512 math chip. 

IOX-1850A SS1 A & T $359.95 

IOX-1850C SS7 CSC $459.95 

IOX-1855A with 9511 A & T $554.95 

IOX-1855C with 9511 CSC $654.95 

IOX-1860A with 9512 A & T $554.95 

IOX-1860C with 9512 CSC $654.95 

INTERFACER 1 - CompuPro 

2 serial I/O ports 50-19 2K baud. 

IOI-1810A A & T $218.95 

IOI-1810C CSC $288.95 



INTERFACER 2 - CompuPro 

3 parallel. 1 serial. <& interrupt timer 

IOI-1820A A & T $218.95 

IOI-1820C CSC $288.95 



INTERFACER 3 - CompuPro 

5 or 8 channel serial I/O board for interrupt driven multi-user 
systems up to 250K baud. 

I0I-1835A 5 port A & T $558.95 

IOI-1835C 5 port CSC $628.95 

IOI-1838A 8 port A & T $628.95 

IOI-1838C 8 port CSC $749.95 



INTERFACER 4 - CompuPro 

3 serial. 1 parallel. 1 Centronics parallel 

IOI-1840A A & T $314.95 

IOI-1840C CSC $414.95 



MPX - CompuPro 

Multi-use, I/O multiplexer & interrupt controller with on- 
board 8085A-2 CPU 4 4K or 16K of RAM 

IOI-1875A 4K MPX A & T $444.95 

IOI-1875C 4K MPX CSC $534.95 

IOI-1880A 16K MPX A & T $584.95 

IOI-1880C 16K MPX CSC $674.95 



I/0-8 - SSM Microcomputer 

Eight software programmable serial 10 ports. 110 -19 2K 

Baud, ideal for multi-user systems 

IOI-1018A A & T $469.95 



1/0-5 - SSM Microcomputer 

Two serial A 3 parallel I/O ports. 1 10-19 2K Baud 
IOI-1015A A & T $289.95 



MPC-4 - SD Systems 

Intelligent 4-port serial I O card, onboard Z-80A. 2K RAM. 
4K PROM area, on-board firmware, fully buffered, vectored 
interrupts, four CTC channels, add to SD Board set tor 
powerful multi-user system 

IOI-1504A A & T w software $495.00 



I/0-4 - SSM Microcomputer 

2 serial I O ports plus 2 parallel I O ports 

IOI-1010B Bare board w/manual $35.00 

IOI-1010K Kit with manual $179.95 

IOI-1010A A & T with manual $249.95 

2830 6 PORT SERIAL - CCS. 

Six asynchronous RS-232C serial I'O ports with 

programmable baud rates 

IOI-1040A A & T with manual $529.95 

2710 4 PORT SERIAL - CCS. 

Four RS-232C serial I O ports with full handshaking. 
IOI-1060A A & T with manual $319.95 

2719 2 SER & 2 PAR - CCS. 

Two RS-232C serial I O ports plus two 8 bit parallel 10 ports 
IOI-1080A A & T with manual $349.95 



Prices may be slightly higher at our retail locations. Please call the store nearest you for local price and availability. 



Circle 48 on Reader Service card. 



Dot Matrix Printers 



NEW EPSONS with GRAFTRAX-plus 

Epson has improved and upgraded their best selling line of 
printers to include their new GRAFTRAX-plus graphics 
package Features now include; 9x9 matrix, bi- 
directional/logic seeking, line spacing to n/216. 
programmable forms length and horizontal tabs, skip over 
perl, italics fonts, international symbols, 
superscript/subscript, normal, emphasized, double-strike, 
and double-emphasized print, underlining, line drawing 
graphics. 60 120 DPI bit image, software reset, adjustable 
right margin, and true back space. 

MX -80 With GRAFTRAX-plus 80/132 column. 80 CPS. 

adjustable pin feed, parallel interface 

PRM-28080 MX-80 w GRAFTRAX-plus $479.95 

MX-80FT with GRAFTRAX-plus same as MX-80 with 

friction feed and pin feed. 

PRM-28082 MX-80FT w'GRAFTRAX-plus $559.95 

MX- 100 with GRAFTRAX-plus 132/232 column, 
correspondence quality, up to 15" paper, friction feed & 
adiustable pin feed. 18 x 18 dot matrix. 80 CPS. 
PRM-28100 MX-100 w/GRAFTRAX-plus $754.95 

PRA-27084 Serial interface $54.95 

PRA-27088 Serial mtf & 2K buffer $99.95 

PRA-27081 Apple card $39.95 

PRA-27082 Apple cable $19.95 

PRA-27086 IEEE 488 card $59.95 

PRA-27087 TRS-80 cable $24.95 

PRA-27097 GRAFTRAX-plus MX-80. FT $59.95 

PRA-27197 GRAFTRAX-plus MX-100 $64.95 

PRA-27090 MX-80. FT print head $44.95 

PRA-27190 MX-100 print head $49.95 

PRA-27083 MX-80 ribbon cart $13.95 

PRA-27101 MX- 100 ribbon only $9.95 

BETTER THAN EPSON ! - Okidata 

Micro line 82 A 80 132 column. 120 CPS. 9 x 9 dot matrix, 
friction feed, pin feed, adjustable tractor feed (optional), 
handles 4 part forms up to 9 5" wide, rear & bottom feed, 
paper tear bar. 100% duty cycle/200.000.000 character print 
head, bi-directional/logic seeking, both serial & parallel 
Interface* Included, front panel switch & program control of 
10 different form lengths, uses inexpensive spool type 
ribbons, double width & condensed characters, true lower 
case descenders & graphics 
PRM-43082 Friction & pin feed $499.95 

Mlcrollne 83A 132 232 column. 120 CPS. forms up to 75" 
wide, removable tractor, plus all the features of the 82 A. 
PRM-43083 with FREE tractor $744.95 

Mlcrollne 84 132/232 column. Hi-speed 200 CPS. full dot 
graphics built in. plus all the features of the 83A 

PRM-43084 Centronics parallel $1149.95 

PRM-43085 Serial with 2K buffer $1249.95 

PRA-27081 Apple card $39.95 

PRA-27082 Apple cable $19.95 

PRA-27087 TRS-80 cable $24.95 

PRA-43081 2K hi speed serial card $99.95 

PRA-43082 Hi-res graphics ROMs 82A $49.95 

PRA-43083 Hi-graphics ROMs 83A $49.95 

PRA-43088 Tractor option for 82A $49.95 

PRA-43080 Extra ribbons pkg. of 2 $9.95 

8023 DOT MATRIX - NEC 

700 CPS. proportional spacing, hi-resolution graphics, 
correspondence quality printing, bi-directional tractor & 
friction feed 

NEC-8023A 8023 parallel $499.95 

NEC-8023-01 8023 ribbon $11.95 

PRINTER PALS - F.M.J. Inc. 

Desk top printer stand and continuous form paper holder. 
PRA-99080 for MX-80. MX-80FT. Oki 82A. NEC . . $29.95 

PRA-99100 for MX-100. Oki 83A & 84 $34.95 

PRA-99700 for letter quality printers $49.95 



Jade Bus Probe 



THE BUS PROBE - Jade 

Inexpensive S-100 Diagnostic Analyzer 

Double-high S-100 board which displays all 96 IEEE S-100 
signals without the expense of an ocilloscope or a front panel 

TSX-200B Bare board $59.95 

TSX-200K Kit $119.95 

TSX-200A A&T $149.95 



Dual Disk Sub-Systems 



Disk Sub-Systems - Jade 

Handsome metal cabinet with proportionally balanced air 
flow system, rugged dual drive power supply, power cable 
kit. power switch, line cord, fuse holder, cooling fan, never- 
mar rubber feet, all necessary hardware to mount 2-8" disk 
drives, power supply, and fan. does not include signal cable. 

Dual 8" Sub-Assembly Cabinet 

END-000420 Bare cabinet $59.95 

END-000421 Cabinet kit $225.00 

END-000431 A&T $359.95 

8" Sub-Systems - Single Sided, Double Density 

END-000423 Kit w/2 FD100-8Ds $975.00 

END-000424 A & T w/2 FD100-8Ds $1175.00 

END-000433 Kit w/2 SA-801RS $999.95 

END-000434 A & T w/2 SA-801 Rs $1195.00 

8" Sub-Systems - Double Sided, Double Density 

END-000426 Kit w/2 DT-8s $1224.95 

END-000427 A & T w/2 DT-8s $1424.95 

END-000436 Kit w/2 SA-851RS $1274.95 

END-000437 A & T w/2 SA-851 Rs $1474.95 



5 1 / 4 " Disk Drives 



Tandon TM100-1 single-sided double-density 48 TPI 
MSM-551001 $248 95 ea 2 for $219.95 ea 

Shugart SA400L single-sided double-density 40 track 
MSM-104000 $234 95 ea 2 for $224.95 ea 

Shugart SA455 half-size double-sided 48 TPI 

MSM-1 04550 $349 95 ea 2 for $329.95 ea 

Shugart SA46S half-size douie-sided 96 TPI 

MSM-1 04650 $399 95 ea 2 for $379.95 ea 

Tandon TM 100-2 double-sided double-density 48 TPI 
MSM-551002 $324 95 ea 2 for $298.95 ea 

Shugart SA450 double-sided double-density 35 track 
MSM-104500 $349 95 ea 2 for $329.95 ea 

Tandon TM100-3 single-sided double-density 96 TPI 
MSM-551003 $324 95 ea 2 for $298.95 ea 

Tandon TM 100-4 double-sided double-density 96 TPI 
MSM-551004 $448 95 ea 2 for $419.95 ea 

MPI B-S1 single-sided double-density 40 track 

MSM-1 551 00 $234 95 ea 2 for $224.95 ea 

MPI B-S2 double-sided double-density 40 track 
MSM-1 55200 $344 95 ea 2 for $334.95 ea 

MPI B-91 single-sided double-density 77 track 

MSM-1 55300 $369 95 ea 2 for $359.95 ea 

MPI B-92 double-sided double-density 77 track 
MSM-1 55400 $469 95 ea 2 for $459.95 ea 

5%" Cabinets with Power Supply 

END-000216 Single cab w/power supply $69.95 

END-000226 Dual cab w/power supply $94.95 



8" Disk Drives 



Shugart SA810 half-size single-sided double-density 
MSF-108100 $424 95ea 2 for $394.95 ea 

Shugart SA860 half-size double-sided double-density 
MSF-108600 $574 95 ea 2 for $549.95 ea 

Shugart SA801R single-sided double-density 
MSF-10801R $394 95 ea 2 for $389.95 ea 

Shugart SA851R double-sided double-density 
MSF-10851R $554 95 ea 2 for $529.95 ea 

Tandon TM848-1 single-sided double-den thin-line 
MSF-558481 $424 95 ea 2 for $394.95 ea 

Tandon TM848-2 double-sided double-den thin-line 
MSF 558482 $574 95 ea 2 for $549.95 ea 

Qume DT-8 double-sided double-density 
MSF-750080 $524 95 ea 2 for $498.95 ea 

Mitsubishi M2894-63 double-sided double-density 
MSF-289463 $549 95 ea 2 for $524.95 ea 

Siemens FDD 100-8 single-sided double-density 
MSF-201 120 $384 95 ea 2 for $349.95 ea 

Prices may be slightly higher at our retail locations. Please 
contact the store In your area tor exact pricing. 



Hard Disk Drives 



12 MEGABYTE SUB-SYSTEM - DayStar 

72 Megabyte Winchester sub-system for most CP/M based 
microcomputers including Apple II, S-100. IBM PC. NEC, 
Xerox, TRS-80 II. Heath H-89. and others Sub-system 
includes interface, controller, cabinet, power supply, CP/M 
software patch. & cables - ready to just plug in and run. A 1 
Megabyte back-up drive is also available. 

MSH-531010 S- 700 sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531020 Apple II sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531030 NEC sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531040 Xerox sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531050 TRS-80 II sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531060 IBM PC sub-system $2095.00 

MSH-531099 7 Megabyte back-up $699.95 

12 MEGABYTE WINCHESTER - Tandon 

5'/ 4 " hard disk drive for hi-speed mass storage. 
MSH-550603 Bare 5%" drive $1094.95 



Letter Quality Printers 



TP-1 LETTER QUALITY - SCM 

70 CPS daisy wheel printer from Smith Corona 

PRD-45101 Centronics parallel $699.95 

PRD-45102 RS-232C serial $749.95 

LETTER QUALITY PRINTER - Jade 

Uses standard daisy wheels and ribbon cartridges, 16 CPS 
bi-directional printing, semi-automatic paper loader (single 
sheet or fan fold). 10/12/15 pitch, up to 16" paper, built-in 
noise suppression cover. 

PRD-11001 Centronics parallel $959.95 

PRD-11002 RS-232C serial model $999.95 

STARWRITER F-10 - C. Hon 

New 40 CPS daisy wheel printer with full 75" carriage, uses 
standard Diablo print wheels and ribbons, both parallel and 
serial interfaces included. 
PRD-22010 Starwriter F-10 $1495.95 

80 CPS LETTER QUALITY - Fujitsu 

High speed daisy wheel printer with both RS-232C serial & 
Centronics parallel interfaces, emulates NEC 5510. Diablo 
630. Qume. and will interface to the IBM Personal Computer, 
features include Z-80 CPU. 16K buffer (48K optional), bi- 
directional printing, & baud rates up to 19.2K 

PRD-86100 Fu/itsu with 16K $2895.00 

PRD-86200 Fujitsu with 48K $3195.00 

PRA-86000 Adjustable tractor $190.00 



Software 



PLANNER CALC - Target Software 

Spread sheet (what if ?) program designed with the user in 
mind, user oriented (simple english) commands allow you to 
quickly master this powerful software package, supplied on 
disk for most CP/M based systems. 

SFA-12251052M Apple II 5%" CP/M $49.95 

SFC-12251050F SS SD 8" CP/M $49.95 

SFC-12251053F Xerox 8" CP/M $49.95 

SFC-12251053M Xerox 5'/," CP/M $49.95 

SFX-12251051M NEC 5y 4 " CP/M $49.95 

PAC MAN - Atari 

Atari's best selling game for your 800 or 400 computer. 
SFI-31254022E Pac Man cartridge $37.95 



Place Orders Toll Free 

Continental U.S. Inside California 

800-421-5500 800-262-1710 

For Technical Inquires or Customer Senice call: 

213-973-7707 



Computer Products 

4901 W. Rosecrans, Hawthorne, Ca 90250 

TKRMS of SALK: Cash, checks, credit cards, or 
Purchase Orders from qualified firms and institutions. 
Minimum Order $15.00. California residents add 6% 
tax. Minimum shipping & handling charge $3.00. 
Pricing & availibility subject to change 



Circle 48 on Reader Service card. 





MICRO 



P. 0. Box 280298 Dallas, Texas 75228 

(214) 271-5546 

Visa • MasterCard • American Express 



Computer Mfg. Dumps New Equipment 

Forget that the company that bought these TRIPLE OUTPUT power supplies paid over $300.00 each in truck load 
quantity. Disregard the advanced engineering and high efficiency switching outputs. Overlook the built in overvoltage 
protection and tight regulation. Don't even consider the little extras like thermal shutdown, status LED's and built in 
fuses. With all that out of mind ask yourself if a Triple Output Power Supply with good regulation and high current 
capability is worth our low price. If your answer is "yes'' or "maybe ", then go ahead and read the details. If your 
answer is "no", then you must not need a power supply! 

This is the perfect supply for almost any computer application and gives you one supply that can drive logic, bipolar 
and MOS circuitry. Read the specs and think about owning one — but don't think too long. We have a limited quantity 
and this is a one time buy. 

FEATURES: 



Output voltages: 


+12V @ 7A 




+ 5V @ 10A 




(remote sense) 




-12V @ 7A 


Regulation: 


2% Line & Load 


Ripple: 


200mv @ full load 


Fuses: 


3 (one primary, two DC 




sections) 


Input: 


1 1 7VAC 


Overvoltage 




Protection: 


SCR type all 3 outputs 


Overcurrent: 


Automatic foldback 


TU -rx..-— > _ 1 


non-latching 


Thermal 
Protection: 


Klixon® sensor shuts down 




all 3 voltages 


Output 




Section: 


High efficiency Switching 




Darlingtons 


Packaging: 


Open frame, common 




chassis unitized 


Weight: 


21 pounds 


Size: 


6 x 5-1/2 x 12 




*67.$0* 



*This Item Only 

Outside Continental United States 

call or write for specific freight charges. 




i 



* < 



At no extra charge we include 
complete schematics and a detailed 
theory of operation. Also included are 
instructions for simple modifications 
that allow operation of the +1 2V section 
at any voltage from .5V to 25V. 

By changing 4 parts the +12 section 
can be raised to +24 @ 5A with the same 
regulation and features. If you need 
power for your floppies (or hard disk) 
this Mod Kit will fill the bill. 

24 Volt Mod Kit w/ instructions 

$5.00 

All units are guaranteed for 30 days 
after receipt. Repair parts and service 
available. 



MODEMS 

General DataComm direct-connect, auto-answer/originate. FCC Type Approved. Bell 1 03 standard tones (300 baud). 
Like new with 90-day warranty. Full documentation provided (schematics $2.50 extra). Normal/loopback self-checks 
data in/out on both digital and analog basis. Compatible with any terminal or computer with RS-232C serial I/O 
port. LIMITED SUPPLY! $127.50 



TERMS: Add $1 50 postage, we pay balance. Orders over $50.00 add 85c for insurance. No C.O.D. Texas Res. add 5% lax. 90 Day Money Back Guarantee on 
all items. All items subject to prior sale. Prices subject to change without notice. Foreign order - U.S. funds only. We cannot ship to Mexico. Countries other 
than Canada, add $3.50 shipping and handling. 



114 Microcomputing, September 1982 



lircle 297 on Reader Service card. 



COMPUTERS 

ATARI" 800™ 
COMPUTER SYSTEM 

400 w 16K * 350 00 
800 w 16K * 699 00 

^800 Computer w/48K 
**$ $825.00 

ATARI PERIPHERALS: 



CONCORD 



i 




• 



1971 SO STATE COLLEGE 
ANAHEIM. CALIF 92806 



(714)937-0637 

___ ^^ CHECK — M/O 



5 10MINORDtR CARtSADD6 



'''%**&* 



Printer 825"- 650PO 
Disk Dr~810 - 485P© 
Record "410- 82PO 
Paddle (pr.) ^ 1695 
Joysticklpr.) 7 
32k RAM- 179195 
Basic Cart - 49P° 



Asteroids ^ 
M.sste Com^ 32 50 
Sup Brk Out 
Assam Edit - 49P° 
Star Raiders- 45P° 
Basketball- 28P° 
Chess -329° 



no 

50 ■ 

100 2A0 8 



*200 *250 






« FREIGHT 



up call 



Otfctr 'WWr toil WM*t tail. !! 

MONITORS 
ZENITH *ZVM-121 

12in. 15MHz./GREEN Phos. 

♦1 13.00 ... 
j.C.S.#kG-12 

12in. 19MHz. /GREEN Phos. 
Non-Glare Screen $134. 50 

BMC*BM-12A 

12in. 15MHz /GREEN Phos 

♦95.00 

AMDEK#CM-i3 (COLOR i j 

13in. /COLOR '. ! *,_._l_ ^^ 

♦375.00 

Diskette Storage BOX 

4 HARD PLASTIC* 

nch *" 4-m cJOGd. 

8 inch— *4.75ea. & jw 

oirr AVAII v* 



5V 4 i 



QTY. PRICE AVAIL. 



Bare Bones APPLE II 



7° 

1 Keyboard 



48KRAM 



M» 



Diskette SALE!! 

"Wabash* 

5V4 8mch 

SS/SD* 22.00 *25.00 
SS/DD 27.40 3040 
DS/SD • 34.90 
DS/DD 32.40 37.40 

[QTY^CEAVAfL| 
Authorized Wabash Dist. 

Hc^PECIALS^ 

3inch Mini FAN —►^8.95 
2111— *245 

8155—^*11.50 
ER2501 — ► *4.95 
AY51013A— ►*1IS 
8202— ►$29.95 
6522— ► *5.25 
2716H-5V) — ► *4.50 
2732— ► *895 
50pin Connectors — ►'3. 25 
EPROM Eraser — ►* 69.95 
APPLE Joystick — ►M2.95 



REAL-TIME CLOCK 
CALENDAR (MSM 5832) 

DescriptiM Mono Metal Gate CMOS I C 

Futures 

Time, Month, Date, Year, A 

'Day of Week 

* Bus Oriented 

•4 Bit Data Bus 

' 4 Bit Address 

•R/WHoldSelec ♦ 



Pwr. Supply 



* Inter. Signal 
•32 768Khz xtal Control 

* 5 v Pow Sup 

* Low Power Dissipation 



*7.45 

V/ SPEC'S 

XTAL 
*2.85 



Microswitch: Power Supply '• APPLE 
Keyboard / Pad* : 5amp.: '-Reference Manl. 

$95PO i il24po : $18.00 



NO P.O. BOX 
SHIPMENTS 



8255 — 

8748-8 - 

3341PC- 

MM5060 

MC6800 

MC6802 

MC6850 

MC6821 



COMPONENTS 



^31XX> 
-•2.00 

-^7.75 

•1495 

-•4.50 

-M.95 



8Pos DIP 
SWITCH 

*1.35ea. 

1 0pcs /$1O. OO 

CARDS 

Z80< 

*295°° 

16K RAM 

* 105°° 

VIDEX 

VIDEOTERM 

80 column 

$295°° 

KEYBOARD 
ENHANCER 

$120°o 

CALIF COMPSYS 

APPLE 
CLOCK 

S124QQ 
TERMINAL 



SOPOC 





10 Suites it iitiiiidici 

THE MPD 117 

turns an ordinary 
outlet into a cont- 
rolled power source 

*79l50 

GLOBAL 
LPK- 1: 

Logic Probe 
Kit -complete 
nothing extra 
to buy. Min. 
pulse width 

300nsec- 

n&95 




U 



SERIES 







H t 





74S 


semes 




74SOO 


35 


74S66 


110 


74S02 


36 


74S112 


145 


74S03 


3ft 


74S132 


1 10 


MS04 


45 


74S136 


95 


74 SOS 


65 


74S140 


1 25 


74SOS 


40 


74S1S8 


1 25 


74S10 


55 


MSI 74 


96 


74S15 


56 


MS 175 


96 


74S20 


56 


74S161 


400 


74S22 


25 


MS162 


2 75 


74S30 


36 


74S166 


350 


74S37 


1 25 


MS240 


350 


74S51 


ao 


74S244 


3 50 


74S65 


96 


MS471 


950 


74S74 


56 


74S472 


1500 


74S8S 


200 







I PROMS 

1702 4 25 

2706 2 96 

271615V) 500 

TMS2716 5 96 

2732ISV) 10SO 

TMS2532 11 SO 



I'IMm 
8'2 6SM 
6/4 50 m 
6'6 00*4 
6'9 25 m 
ft/10 2*«» 



DYNAMIC NAM* 



««:««* 



STATIC RAMS 

2111 2 

2114 

21141 2QQns 5 

hm«116 200ns 11 

MISC 



4/10 




CPUS 



6T26 

• T2« 



•1S6 
8256 

MC1330 
MC13SO 
MC13S6 

MC1456 

LM3SO 

IMSSft 

LMSS6 

IM741 

LM1310 

LMIftOO 

LM1669 

1468 
1489 

S212 
0216 
1103A 




198? 
IC MASTER] 

2 vols. 

$ S9.9S 



Microcomputing, September 1982 115 



Circle 84 on Reader Service card. 



16K DYNAMIC 250NS 
ALL MERCHANDISE 100% GUARANTEED! 



SET 



1U. 1 KX4 STATIC Q /$-| C 9£ 

41 It LOW POWER 200NSO/ I vJse 

CALL US FOR VOLUME QUOTES I 



STATIC RAMS 



2101 

5101 

2102-1 

2102L-2 

2102L-4 

2111 

2112 

2114 

2114L-2 

2114L-3 

2114L-4 

2147 

TMS4044-4 

TMS4044-3 

TMS4044-2 

MK4118 

TMM2016-200 

TMM2016-150 

HM6116-4 

HM6116-3 

HM6116-2 

HM6116LP-4 

HM6116LP-3 

HM6116LP-2 

Z-6132 



256x4 
256x4 
1024 x 1 
1024 x 1 
1024 x 1 
256x4 
256x4 
1024 x 4 
1024 x 4 
1024x4 
1024x4 
4096 x 1 
4096 x 1 
4096 x 1 
4096 x 1 
1024 
2048 
2048 
2048 
2048 
2048 
2048 
2048 
2048 
4096 



LP Low Power 



Each 

(450ns) 1.95 

(cmos) (450ns) 4.95 

(450ns) .89 

(LP) (250ns) 1.69 

(LP) (450ns) 1.29 

(450ns) 2.99 

(450ns) 2.99 

(450ns) 8/16.95 

(LP) (200ns) 8/15.95 

(LP) (300ns) 8/18.95 

(LP) (450ns) 8/17.95 

(55ns) 9.95 

(450ns) 3.49 

(300ns) 3.99 

(200ns) 4.49 

(250ns) 9.95 

(200ns) call 

(150ns) call 

(cmos) (200ns) call 

(cmos) (150ns) call 

(cmos) (120ns) call 

(LP)(cmos)(200ns) call 

(LP)(cmos)(150ns) call 

(LP)(cmos)(120ns) call 

(Qstat)(300ns) 34.95 

Qstat Quasi-Static 



DYNAMIC RAMS 



TMS4027 

MK4108 

MM5298 

4116-120 

4116-150 

4116-200 

4116-250 

4116-300 

2118 

MK4816 

4164-200 

4164-150 



4096 x 
8192 x 
8192 x 
16384 x 
16384 x 
16384 x 
16384 x 
16384 x 1 
16384 x 1 
2048 x 8 
65536 x 1 
65536 x 1 



(250ns) 

(200ns) 

(250ns) 

(120ns) 

(150ns) 

(200ns) 

(250ns) 

(300ns) 

(5v) (150ns) 

(5v) (300ns) 

(5v) (200ns) 

(5v) (150ns) 



Each 

2.50 

1.95 

1.85 

8/29.95 

8/18.95 

8/13.95 

8/11.95 

8/13.80 

4.95 

24.95 

call 

call 



EPROMS 



1702 

2708 

2758 

TMS2516 

2716 

2716-1 

TMS2716 

TMS2532 

2732 

2732A-2 

2764 

TMS2564 

MC68764 



256 x 8 
1024 x 8 
1024 x 8 
2048 x 8 
2048 x 8 
2048 x 8 
2048 x 8 
4096 x 8 
4096 x 8 
4096 x 8 
8192 x 8 
8192 x 8 
8192 x 8 



(1us) 

(450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (350ns) 

(450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (200ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) 
(5v) (450ns) (24p 



Each 
4.95 
3.75 
9.95 
6.95 
4.95 
9.00 
9.95 
9.95 
9.95 
call 
call 
call 
in) call 



5v Single 5 Volt Supply 



EPROM ERASERS 



PE-14 

PE-14T 

PE-24T 

PL- 265T 

PR-125T 

PR-320 



Capacity 
Timer Chip 



X 
X 
X 
X 
X 



6 

6 

9 

20 

16 

32 



Intensity 
(uW/Cm 2 ) 

5,200 
5,200 
6,700 
6,700 
15,000 
15,000 



100 
pes 
1.85 
3.95 
85 
1.55 
1.15 
2.49 
2.79 
1.95 
1.90 
2.25 
2.10 
call 
3.25 
3.75 
4.25 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 



100 
pes 
2.00 
call 
call 
call 
1.95 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 
call 



8 

pes 
4.50 
3.50 
8.95 
5.95 
3.95 
8.50 
8.95 
7.95 
7.95 
call 
call 
call 
call 



83.00 
119.00 
175.00 
255.00 
349.00 
595.00 



Z-80 
2.5 Mhz 

Z80-CPU 3.95 

Z80-CTC 5.95 

Z80-DART 15.25 

Z80-DMA 17.50 

Z80-PIO 5.75 

Z80-SIO 18.50 

Z80-SIO/1 18.50 

Z80-SIO/2 18.50 

Z80-SIO/9 16.95 

4.0 Mhz 

Z80A-CPU 6.00 

Z80A-CTC 8.65 

Z80A-DART 18.75 

Z80A-DMA 27.50 

Z80A-PIO 6.00 

Z80A-SIO/0 22.50 

Z80A-SIO/1 22.50 

Z80A-SIO/2 22.50 

Z80A-SIO/9 19.95 

6.0 Mhz 

Z80B-CPU 17.95 

Z80B-CTC 15.50 

Z80B-PIO 15.50 

ZILOG 

Z6132 34.95 
Z8671 39.95 



8200 



8202 

8205 

8212 

8214 

8216 

8224 

8226 

8228 

8237 

8238 

8243 

8250 

8251 

8253 

8253-5 

8255 

8255-5 

8257 

8257-5 

8259 

8259-5 

8272 

8275 

8279 

8279-5 

8282 

8283 

8284 

8286 

8287 

8288 

8289 



34.95 
3.50 
1.85 
3.85 
1.80 
2.50 
1.80 
4.90 

19.95 
4.95 
4.45 

14.95 
4.75 
9.25 
9.85 
4.75 
5.25 
8.50 
8.95 
6.90 
7.50 

39.95 

29.95 
9.50 

10.00 
6.65 
6.65 
5.70 
6.65 
6.50 
25.00 
49.95 



ORDER TOLL FREE 

800-538-5000 
800-662-6279 

(CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS) 

IF YOU CAN FIND A PRICE LOWER 

ELSEWHERE. LET US KNOW AND 

WE LL MEE T OR BE A T THEIR PRICE' 
'SEE TERMS BELOW) 

* Computer managed inventory- 
virtually no back orders! 

* Very competitive prices! 

* Friendly staff! 

* Fast service — most orders 
shipped within 24 hours! 



MONTHLY SPECIALS 

CPU SALE 

8 BIT 

Z-80 cpu 2mhz $ 3.95 (10/ 3.75 ea> 

6502 1 mhz $ 5.95 (10/ 5.75 ea) 

6809 int. clock $ 12.95 (10/11.25 ea> 

16 BIT 

8086 $ 29.95 

68000 8mhz s 99.95 

SALE ENDS SEPTEMBER 30, 1982 
PLEASE STATE 
r EMBER SPECIALS" WHEN ORDERING, 



8000 



8035 

8039 

INS-8060 

INS-8073 

8080 

8085 

8085A-2 

8086 

8088 

8089 

8155 

8156 

8185 

8185-2 

8741 

8748 

8755 



7.25 

7.95 

17.95 

29.95 

3.95 

7.95 

11.95 

29.95 

39.95 

89.95 

7.95 

8.95 

29.95 

39.95 

39.95 

29.95 

32.00 



DISC CONTROLLERS 



1771 

1791 

1793 

1795 

1797 

6843 

8272 

UPD765 

1691 

2143 



20.95 
29.95 
38.95 
54.95 
54.95 
34.95 
39.95 
39.95 
18.95 
18.95 



INTERFACE 

8T26 1.69 

8T28 2.49 

8T95 .99 

8T96 99 

8T97 .99 

8T98 .99 

OM8131 2.95 

DP8304 2.29 

MISC. 

3341 4.95 

76477 3.95 

AY3-8910 12.95 

MC3340 1.49 

95H90 7.99 

11C90 13.95 

8202A 34.95 

3242 7.95 

MC3480 9.00 

8038 3.95 

2513-001 UP 9.95 

2513-002 LOW 9.95 

3205 3.50 
BIT-RATE 
GENERATORS 



14411 

BR1941 

4702 

COM5016 

MM5307 

UARTS 
AY3-1014 
AY5-1013 
PT1472 
TR1602 
2350 

TMS6011 
IM6402 
IM6403 
INS8250 



11.95 
11.95 
12.95 
16.95 
10.95 

6.95 
3.95 
9.95 
3.95 
9.95 
5.95 
7.95 
8.95 
14.95 
KEYBOARD CHIPS 
AY5-2376 11.95 

AY5-3600 11.95 

74C922 5.25 

74C923 5.50 

CLOCK CIRCUITS 



MM5314 
MM5369 
MM5375 

MM58167 
MM58174 
MSM5832 



4.95 
3.95 
4.95 
8.95 
11.95 
6.95 



6800 



68000 
6800 
6802 
6808 
6809E 
6809 
6810 
6820 
6821 
6828 
6840 
6843 
6844 
6845 
6847 
6850 
6852 
6860 
6862 
6875 
6880 
6883 
68047 
68488 
6800 

68B00 
68B02 
68B09E 
68B09 
68B10 
68B21 
68B45 
68B50 
68B00 



99.9J 

4.9J 

10.9! 

13.9C 

19.951 

12.951 

2.95 

4.95 

4 95 

14.951 

12.951 

34.95 

25.95 

16.95 

12.25 

3.45 

5.75 

10.95 

11.95 

6.95 

2.95 

24.95 

24.95 

19.95 

1MHZ 

10.95 
22.25 
29.95 
29.95 
7.95 
12.95 
35.95 
12.95 
2 MHZ 



6500 

1 MHZ 



6502 
6504 
6505 
6507 
6520 
6522 
6532 
6545 
6551 

6502A 
6522A 
6532A 
6545A 
6551A 

6502B 



2 MHZ 



3 MHZ 



5.95 

6.95 

8.95 

9.95 

4.35 

8.75 

11.25 

22.50 

11.85 

9.95 
11.70 
12.40 
28.50 
12.95 



CRYSTALS 



32.768 khz 

1.0 mhz 

1.8432 

2.0 

2.097152 

2.4576 

3.2768 

3.579535 

4.0 

5.0 

5.0688 

5.185 

5.7143 

6.0 

6.144 

6.5536 

8.0 
10.0 

14.31818 
15.0 
16.0 
18.0 
18.432 
20.0 
22.1184 
32.0 



1.95 
4.95 
4.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 



m f 9°5 U sat 13 JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. 

VISIT OUR 1224 S. Bascom Avenue 

RETAIL STORE San Jose, CA 95128 

800-538-5000 • 800-662-6279 (CA) 
(408) 995-5430 • Telex 171-110 



VISA 



MasterCard 



PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING 
TERMS: For shipping include $2 for UPS Ground or $3 for UPS Blue 
Label Air. Items over 5 pounds require additional shipping charges. 
Foreign orders, include sufficient amount for shipping. There is a $10 
minimum order. Bay Area and Los Angeles Counties add 6V 2 % Sales 
Tax. Other California residents add 6% Sales Tax. We reserve the 
right to substitute manufacturer. Not responsible for typographical 
errors. Prices are subject to change without notice. We will match or 
beat any competitor's price provided it is not below our cost. 



116 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 84 on Reader Service card. 



k 



16K EPROMS 



EACH 



32K EPROMS 



EACH 



ALL MERCHANDISE 100% GUARANTEED! 



IC SOCKETS 



















1-99 100 


74LS00 


.25 


74LS85 


1.15 


74LS168 


1.75 


74LS295 


1.05 


8 pin ST .13 .11 
14 pin ST .15 .12 


P4LS01 


.25 


74LS86 


40 


74LS169 


1.75 


74LS298 


1.20 I 


74LS02 


.25 


74LS90 


.65 


74LS170 


1.75 


74LS324 


1.75 I 


16 pin ST .17 13 
18 pin ST 20 .18 


74LS03 


.25 


74LS91 


.89 


74LS173 


80 


74LS352 


1.55 I 


74LS04 


.25 


74LS92 


.70 


74LS174 


.95 


74LS353 


1.55 


20 pin ST .29 .27 


74LS05 


25 


74LS93 


.65 


74LS175 


.95 


74LS363 


1.35 


22 pin ST .30 .27 


74LS08 


.35 


74LS95 


.85 


74LS181 


2.15 


74LS364 


1.95 


24 pin ST .30 .27 


74LS09 


.35 


74LS96 


.95 


74LS189 


9.95 


74LS365 


95 


28 pin ST .40 32 


74LS10 


.25 


74LS107 


40 


74LS190 


1.00 


74LS366 


.95 


40 pin ST .49 39 


74LS11 


.35 


74LS109 


.40 


74LS191 


1.00 


74LS367 


.70 




74LS12 


.35 


74LS112 


.45 


74LS192 


85 


74LS368 


.70 


ST SOLDERTAIL 


74LS13 


.45 


74LS113 


.45 


74LS193 


.95 


74LS373 


1.75 


8 pin WW .59 .49 


74LS14 


1.00 


74LS114 


.50 


74LS194 


1.00 


74LS374 


1.75 


14 pin WW .69 .52 


74LS15 


.35 


74LS122 


.45 


74LS195 


95 


74LS377 


1.45 


16 pin WW .69 .58 


74LS20 


.25 


74LS123 


.95 


74LS196 


.85 


74LS378 


1.18 


18 pin WW .99 .90 


74LS21 


.35 


74LS124 


2.99 


74LS197 


.85 


74LS379 


1.35 


20 pin WW 1.09 98 


74LS22 


.25 


74LS125 


.95 


74LS221 


1.20 


74LS385 


1.90 


22 pin WW 1.39 1.28 


74LS26 


.35 


74LS126 


.85 


74LS240 


1.29 


74LS386 


.65 


24 pin WW 1.49 1.35 


74LS27 


.35 


74LS132 


.75 


74LS241 


1.29 


74LS390 


1.90 


28 pin WW 1.69 1.49 


74LS28 


.35 


74LS136 


.55 


74LS242 


1.85 


74LS393 


1.90 


40 pin WW 1.99 1.80 


74LS30 


.25 


74LS137 


.99 


74LS243 


1.85 


74LS395 


1.65 


WW WIREWRAP 


74LS32 


.35 


74LS138 


.75 


74LS244 


1.29 


74LS399 


1.70 


16 pin ZIF 6.75 call 
24 pin ZIF 9.95 call 
ZIF TEXTOOL 
i (Zero Insertion Force) 


74LS33 
74LS37 


.55 
.55 


74LS139 
74LS145 


.75 
1.20 


74LS245 
74LS247 


1.90 
.75 


74LS424 
74LS447 


2.95 
.37 


74LS38 


.35 


74LS147 


2.49 


74LS248 


1.25 


74LS490 


1.95 


74LS40 


.35 


74LS148 


1.35 


74LS249 


.99 


74LS624 


3.99 


74LS42 


.55 


74LS151 


.75 


74LS251 


1.30 


74LS668 


1.69 




74LS47 


.75 


74LS153 


.75 


74LS253 


85 


74LS669 


1.89 




74LS48 


.75 


74LS154 


2.35 


74LS257 


.85 


74LS670 


2.20 


[CONNECTORS 


74LS49 


.75 


74LS155 


1.15 


74LS258 


.85 


74LS674 


9.65 


RS232MALE 3.25 


74LS51 


.25 


74LS156 


.95 


74LS259 


2.85 


74LS682 


3.20 


RS232 FEMALE 3.75 


74LS54 


.35 


74LS157 


.75 


74LS260 


.65 


74LS683 


2.30 


RS232 FEMALE 


74LS55 


.35 


74LS158 


.75 


74LS266 


.55 


74LS684 


2.40 


RIGHT ANGLE 5.25 


74LS63 


1.25 


74LS160 


.90 


74LS273 


1.65 


74LS685 


2.40 


RS232 HOOD 1.25 


74LS73 


40 


74LS161 


.95 


74LS275 


3.35 


74LS688 


2.40 


S-100ST 3.95 


74LS74 


.45 


74LS162 


.95 


74LS279 


.55 


74LS689 


2.40 


ls-100 WW 4.95 


74LS75 


.50 


74LS163 


95 


74LS280 


1.98 


74LS783 


24.95 




74LS76 


.40 


74LS164 


.95 


74LS283 


1.00 


81LS95 


1.69 




74LS78 


.50 


74LS165 


.95 


74LS290 


1.25 


81LS96 


1.69 


r dip 


74LS83 


.75 


74LS166 


2.40 


74LS293 


1.85 


81LS97 
81LS98 


1.69 

1 69 J 


SWITCHES 

4 POSITION 85 


















5 POSITION 90 


















6 POSITION .90 

7 POSITION 95 
L 8 POSITION 95 








74 


son 









74S00 
74S02 
74S03 
74S04 
74S05 
74S08 
74S09 
74S10 
74S11 
74S15 
74S20 
74S22 
74S30 
74S32 
74S37 
74S38 
74S40 
74S51 
74S64 
74S65 
74S74 



.44 

48 

48 

.79 

.79 

48 

98 

.69 

88 

.70 

.68 

98 

48 

.98 

1.87 

1.68 

.44 

.78 

.79 

1.25 

69 



74S85 

74S86 

74S112 

74S113 

74S114 

74S124 

74S132 

74S133 

74S134 

74S135 

74S138 

74S139 

74S140 

74S151 

74S153 

74S157 

74S158 

74S161 

74S162 

74S163 

74S168 



2.39 
1.44 
1.59 
1.98 
1.50 
2.77 
1.24 
98 
.69 
1.48 
1.08 
1.25 
1.45 
1.19 
1.19 
1.19 
1.45 
2.85 
3.70 
3.75 
4.65 



LED DISPLAYS 



HP 5082-7760 


.6 


CC 


1.29 


MAN 72 


.3" 


CA 


.99 


MAN 74 


.3" 


CC 


.99 


FND-357 (359) 


.375 


CC 


.75 


FND-500 (503) 


.5" 


CC 


.99 


FND-507 (510) 


.5 


CA 


.99 



74S169 5.44 74S274 19.95 

745174 1.09 74S275 19.95 

745175 1.09 74S280 2.90 

745181 4.47 74S287 4.75 

745182 2.95 74S288 445 

745188 3.95 74S289 6.98 

745189 14.95 74S301 6.95 

745194 2.95 74S373 3.45 

745195 1.89 74S374 3.45 

745196 4.90 74S381 7.95 

745197 4.25 74S387 5.75 
74S201 14.95 74S412 2.98 
74S225 8.95 74S471 9.95 

745240 3.98 74S472 16.85 

745241 3.75 74S474 17.85 
74S244 3.98 74S482 15.60 
74S251 1.90 74S570 7.80 
74S253 7.45 74S571 7.80 

745257 1.39 

745258 1.49 
74S260 1.83 



LED LAMPS 

1-99 100-up 
Jumbo 

Red .10 .09 

Jumbo 

Green .18 .15 

Jumbo 

Yellow .18 15 



9000 SERIES 



9316 
9334 
9368 
9401 
9601 
9602 
96S02 



1.00 
2.50 
3.95 
9.95 
.75 
1.50 
1.95 



DATA 
ACQUISITION 



ADC0800 
ADC0804 
ADC0809 
ADC0817 
DAC0800 
DAC0808 
D AC 1020 
DAC1022 
MC1408L8 



15.55 
4.95 
5.25 

10.95 
4.95 
4.95 
8.25 
8.25 
4.95 



INTERSIL 



ICL7103 

ICL7106 

ICL7107 

ICL8038 

ICM7107A 

ICM7208 



9.50 
9.95 

12.95 
3.95 
5.59 

15.95 



CALL US FOR VOLUME QUOTES 



7400 

7401 

7402 

7403 

7404 

7405 

7406 

7407 

7408 

7409 

7410 

7411 

7412 

7413 

7414 

7416 

7417 

7420 

7421 

7422 

7423 

7425 

7426 

7427 

7428 

7430 

7432 

7433 

7437 

7438 

7440 

7442 

7443 

7444 

7445 

7446 

7447 

7448 

7450 

7451 

7453 

7454 

7460 

7470 

7472 

7473 

7474 

7475 

7476 

7480 

7481 

7482 

7483 

7485 

7486 

7489 

7490 

7491 

7492 

7493 

7494 

7495 

7496 

7497 

74100 

74107 

74109 

74110 

74111 

74116 

74120 

74121 

74122 

74123 

74125 

741 2* 

.74128 



7400 



CMOS 



.19 
.19 
.19 
.19 
.19 
.25 
.29 
.29 
.24 
.19 
.19 
.25 
30 
.35 
.55 
.25 
.25 
.19 
.35 
.29 
.29 
.29 
.29 
.29 
.45 
.19 
.29 
.45 
.29 
.29 
.19 
.49 
.65 
.69 
.69 
.59 
.69 
.69 
.19 
.23 
.23 
.23 
.23 
.35 
.29 
.34 
.35 
.49 
.35 
.59 
1.10 
.95 
.50 
.65 
.35 
4.95 
.35 
.40 
.50 
.49 
.65 
.55 
.70 
2.75 
1.00 
.30 
.45 
.45 
.55 
1.55 
1.20 
.29 
.45 
.55 
.45 
.45 
.55 



74136 

74141 

74142 

74143 

74145 

74147 

74148 

74150 

74151 

74152 

74153 

74154 

74155 

74156 

74157 

74159 

74160 

74161 

74162 

74163 

74164 

74165 

74166 

74167 

74170 

74172 

74173 

74174 

74175 

74176 

74177 

74178 

74179 

74180 

74181 

74182 

74184 

74185 

74132 

74190 

74191 

74192 

74193 

74194 

74195 

74196 

74197 

74198 

74199 

74221 

74246 

74247 

74248 

74249 

74251 

74259 

74265 

74273 

74276 

74279 

74283 

74284 

74285 

74290 

74293 

74298 

74351 

74365 

74366 

74367 

74368 

74376 

74390 

74393 

74425 

74426 

74490 



.50 
65 
2.95 
2.95 
.60 
1.75 
1.20 
1.35 
65 
.65 
.55 
1.40 
.75 
.65 
55 
1.65 
.85 
.70 
.85 
85 
.85 
.85 
1.00 
2.95 
1.65 
5.95 
.75 
.89 
89 
.89 
.75 
1.15 
1.75 
.75 
2.25 
.75 
2.00 
2.00 
.45 
1.15 
1.15 
.79 
.79 
.85 
.85 
.79 
.75 
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
1.25 
1.85 
1.95 
.75 
2.25 
1.35 
1.95 
1.25 
.75 
2.00 
3.75 
3.75 
.95 
.75 
.85 
2.25 
65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
2.20 
1.75 
1.35 
3.15 
.85 
2.55 



FUNCTION GENERATORS 

MC4024 Dual VCO 3.95 

LM566 Function Gen. 1.49 

XR2206 Function Gen. 3.75 

8038 Waveform Gen. 3.95 



4000 


.35 


4528 


1.25 


4001 


.35 


4531 


.95 


4002 


.25 


4532 


1.95 


4006 


.95 


4538 


195 


4007 


.29 


4539 


1.95 


4008 


.95 


4543 


270 


4009 


.45 


4555 


.95 


4010 


.45 


4556 


.95 


4011 


.35 


4581 


1.95 


4012 


.25 


4582 


1.95 


4013 


.45 


4584 


.95 


4014 


.95 


4585 


.95 


4015 


.95 


4702 


12.95 


4016 


.45 


74C00 


.35 


4017 


1.15 


74C02 


.35 


4018 


.95 


74C04 


.35 


4019 


.45 


74C08 


.35 


4020 


.95 


74C10 


.35 


4021 


.95 


74C14 


1.50 


4022 


1.15 


74C20 


.35 


4023 


.35 


74C30 


.35 


4024 


.75 


74C32 


.50 


4025 


.35 


74C42 


1.75 


4026 


1.65 


74C48 


1.20 


4027 


.65 


74C73 


.65 


4028 


80 


74C74 


.85 


4029 


.95 


74C76 


80 


4030 


.45 


74C83 


1.95 


4034 


2.95 


74C85 


1.95 


4035 


85 


74C86 


.95 


4040 


.95 


74C89 


4.50 


4041 


1.25 


74C90 


1.75 


4042 


.75 


74C93 


1.75 


4043 


.85 


74C95 


1.75 


4044 


.85 


74C107 


1.00 


4046 


.95 


74C150 


5.75 


4047 


.95 


74C151 


2.25 


4049 


.55 


74C154 


3.25 


4050 


.55 


74C157 


1.75 


4051 


.95 


74C160 


2.00 


4053 


.95 


74C161 


2.00 


4060 


1.45 


74C162 


2.00 


4066 


.75 


74C163 


2.00 


4068 


.40 


74C164 


2.00 


4069 


.35 


74C165 


2.00 


4070 


.35 


74C173 


2.00 


4071 


.30 


74C174 


2.25 


4072 


.30 


74C175 


2.25 


4073 


.30 


74C192 


2.25 


4075 


.30 


74C193 


2.25 


4076 


.95 


74C195 


2.25 


4078 


.30 


74C200 


5.75 


4081 


.30 


74C221 


2.25 


4082 


.30 


74C373 


2.75 


4085 


.95 


74C374 


2.75 


4086 


.95 


74C901 


.80 


4093 


.95 


74C902 


85 


4098 


2.49 


74C903 


85 


4099 


1.95 


74C905 


10.95 


14409 


12.95 


74C906 


.95 


14410 


12.95 


74C907 


1.00 


14411 


11.95 


74C908 


2.00 


14412 


12.95 


74C909 


2.75 


14419 


4.95 


74C910 


9.95 


4502 


.95 


74C911 


10.00 


4503 


65 


74C912 


10.00 


4508 


1.95 


74C914 


1.95 


4510 


.95 


74C915 


2.00 


4511 


.95 


74C918 


2.75 


4512 


.95 


74C920 


17.95 


4514 


1.25 


74C921 


15.95 


4515 


2.25 


74C922 


5.59 


4516 


1.55 


74C923 


5.95 


4518 


1.25 


74C925 


6.75 


4519 


1.25 


74C926 


7.95 


4520 


1.25 


74C927 


7.95 


4522 


1.25 


74C928 


7.95 


4526 


1.25 


74C929 


19.95 


1.4527 


1.95 


74C930 


19.95 



mf ES2 13 JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. 

VISIT OUR 1224 S. Bascom Avenue 

RETAIL STORE San Jose, CA 95128 

800-538-5000 • 800-662-6279 (CA) 
(408) 995-5430 • Telex 171-110 



VISA 



MasterCard 



PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING 
TERMS: For shipping include $2 for UPS Ground or $3 for UPS Blue 
Label Air. Items over 5 pounds require additional shipping charges. 
Foreign orders, include sufficient amount for shipping. There is a $10 
minimum order. Bay Area and Los Angeles Counties add 6Vo Sales 
Tax. Other California residents add 6% Sales Tax. We reserve the 
right to substitute manufacturer. Not responsible for typographical 
errors. Prices are subject to change without notice. We will match or 
beat any competitor's price provided it is not below our cost. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 117 



Circle 84 on Reader Service card. 



4116 16K DYNAMIC RAMS 



250 NS 



SET 



ALL MERCHANDISE 100% GUARANTEED! 



CALL US FOR VOLUME QUOTES 



LINEAR 



Bl FET EXAR 



LM301 

LM301H 

LM307 

LM308 

LM308H 

LM309H 

LM309K 

LM310 

LM311 

LM311H 

LM312H 

LM317K 

LM317T 

LM318 

LM318H 

LM319H 

LM319 

LM320(see 

LM322 

LM323K 

LM324 

LM329 

LM331 

LM334 

LM335 

LM336 

LM337K 

LM337T 

LM338K 

LM339 

LM340(see 

LM348 



34 

.79 

.45 

98 

1.15 

1.95 

1.49 

1.75 

.64 

.89 

1.75 

3.95 

1.95 

1.49 

1 59 

1.25 

1.25 

7900) 

1.65 

4.95 

59 

69 

395 

1.30 

1 40 

1 75 

3 95 

2.95 

695 

.99 

7800) 

1 20 



LM350K 

LM350T 

LM358 

LM359 

LM376 

LM377 

LM378 

LM379 

LM380 

LM380N- 

LM381 

LM382 

LM383 

LM384 

LM386 

LM387 

LM389 

LM390 

LM392 

LM394H 

LM399H 

NE531 

NE536 

NE555 

NE556 

NE558 

NE561 

NE562 

NE564 

LM565 

LM566 

LM567 



5.60 
4.60 

.98 
1.79 
3.75 
2.29 
2.50 
4.50 
1.29 
1.10 
1.60 
1.60 
1.95 
1.95 
1.50 
1.40 
1.35 
1.95 
69 
3.60 
5.00 
3.75 
6.00 

.39 

69 

1.50 

19.95 

6.00 

395 

.99 
1.49 
1 29 



NE570 

NE571 

NE592 

LM703 

LM709 

LM710 

LM711 

LM723 

LM723H 

LM733 

LM741N-8 

LM741N-14 

LM741H 

LM747 

LM748 

LM1014 

LM1303 

LM1304 

LM1305 

LM1307 

LM1310 

MC1330 

MC1349 

MC1350 

MC1358 

LM1414 

LM1458 

LM1488 

LM1489 

LM1496 

LM1558H 



4.75 

3.95 

2.75 

89 

.59 

.75 

.79 

.49 

.55 
98 

.35 

.35 

.40 

.79 

.59 
2.75 
1.95 
1.19 
1.49 
85 
2.90 
1.89 
1.89 
1.29 
1.79 
1.59 

.69 

.99 

.99 

.85 
3.10 

H TO 



LM1800 

LM1812 

LM1815 

LM1818 

LM1820 

LM1830 

LM1871 

LM1872 

LM1877 

LM1889 

LM1896 

LM2877 

LM2878 

LM2900 

LM2901 

LM3900 

LM3905 

LM3909 

LM3911 

LM3914 

LM3915 

LM3916 

MC4024 

MC4044 

RC4136 

RC4151 

LM4250 

LM4500 

LM13080 

LM13600 

LM13700 

5 CAN 



2.99 
8.25 
5.20 
2.90 
3.50 
3.50 
5.49 
5.49 
3.25 
2.49 
1.75 
2.05 
2.25 

.85 
1.00 

.59 
1.25 

.98 
2.25 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
4.50 
1.25 
3.95 
1.75 
3.25 
1.29 
1.49 
1.49 



TL071 
TL072 
TL074 
TL081 
TL082 
TL083 
TL084 
LF347 
LF351 
LF353 
LF355 
LF356 
LF357 



Tl 



TL494 

TL496 

TL497 

75107 

75188 

75189 

75450 

75451 

75452 

75453 

75454 

75491 

75492 

75493 

75494 



79 
1.19 
2.19 

.79 
1.19 
1.19 
2.19 
2.19 

.60 
1.00 
1.10 
1.10 
1.40 



4.20 

1.65 

3.25 

1.49 

1.25 

1.25 

.59 

.39 

.39 

.39 

.39 

.79 

.79 

89 

89 



XR 2206 
XR 2207 
XR 2208 
XR 2211 
XR 2240 



3.75 
3.85 
3.90 
5 25 
3.25 



VOLTAGE 
REGULATORS 



RCA 



T TO-220 



CA 3010 
CA 3013 
CA 3023 
CA 3035 
CA 3039 
CA 3046 
CA 3053 
CA 3059 
CA 3060 
CA 3065 
CA 3080 
CA 3081 
CA 3082 
CA 3083 
CA 3086 
CA 3089 
CA 3096 
CA 3130 
CA 3140 
CA 3146 
CA 3160 
CA 3401 
CA 3600 

K TO-3 



99 
2 00 
2.75 
2.49 
1.29 
1.25 
1.45 
2.90 
2 90 
1.75 
1.10 
1.65 
1.65 
1.55 
80 
2.99 
3.49 
1.30 
1.15 
1.85 
1.19 
.59 
3.45 



EXPAND 
YOURTRS-80 

16 DYNAMIC 

RAM KITS 

SET OF 8 

4116-200ns RAMS 
S-J395 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
Model I 
Model III 

Color Computer to 16K 
Color Computer to 32K 

S 1 00 EACH 

DIP SHUNTS FOR YOUR 
MODEL I KEYBOARD j 



SET OF 2 



ORDER TOLL FREE 

800-538-5000 
800-662-6279 

(CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS) 

IF YOU CAN FIND A PRICE LOWER 

ELSEWHERE. LET US KNOW AND 

WE'LL MEET OR BE A T THEIR PRICE 7 
(SEE TERMS BELOW) 

* Computer managed inventory- 
virtually no back orders! 

* Very competitive prices! 

* Friendly staff! 

* Fast service — most orders 
shipped within 24 hours! 



CABINET FOR 5 1 /»" 
DISK DRIVE 

* COLOR MATCHES APPLE 

• FITSSHUGART 

SPECIAL — *29 95 



7805T 


89 


7905T 


99 


7808T 


89 


7908T 


99 


7812T 


89 


7912T 


99 


7815T 


89 


7915T 


99 


7824T 


.89 


7924T 


99 


7805K 


1 39 


7905K 


1.49 


7812K 


1.39 


7912K 


1 49 


7815K 


1 39 


7915K 


1 49 


7824K 


1.39 


7924K 


1 49 


78L05 


69 


79L05 


79 


78L12 


69 


79L12 


79 


78L15 


69 


79L15 


79 


78H05K 


995 


LM323K 


4 95 


78H12K 


995 


UA78S40 


1.95 


T 


TO-220 


K TO-3 






L 


TO-92 





TRANSISTORS 
DIODES 



PN2222 


TO-92 


10 1.00 


100 8 99 


PN2907 


TO-92 


10 1.25 


100 10 99 


2N2222 


TO-18 


.25 


50 10 99 


2N2907 


TO-18 


25 


50 10 99 


2N3055 


TO-3 


79 


10 6 99 


3055T 


TO-220 


.69 


10 599 


2N3904 


TO 92 


TO 1 00 


100 8 99 


2N3906 


TO 92 


10 1.00 


100 8 99 


IN4148 (IN914) 


I 


25 1 00 


1000 35 00 


IN4004 




10 1 00 


100 8 99 



THE MICROPROFESSOR 

FROM MULTITECH $149 
Complete microprocesser training course 
— Teaches both hardware and machine 
language programming techniques — 
Includes Z80 computer! 

* Z80 based microcomputer with 36 

y pad. 6 digit display up to 4K on 
board RAM or 8K Eprom 

* 140 page manual describes theory 
of operation and includes many 

■ penments 

Optional Eprom programmer and 
speech synthesizer boards availble 



MICROCOMPUTER 
HARDWARE HANDBOOK 

FROM ELCOMP — $14.95 
Over 800 pages of manufacturers data 
sheets on most commonly used IC s 

Includes 

* TTL — 74 74LSand 74F 

CMOS 

Voltage Regulators 

Memory - RAM. ROM. EPROM 

CPUs — 6800. 6500. Z80. 8080. 8085 

8086 8 

MPU support & interface — 6800. 

6500 Z80. 8200. etc 



HOURS: 
M-F, 9-5; Sat. 11-3 

VISIT OUR 
RETAIL STORE 



MasterCard 




JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. 

1224 S. Bascom Avenue 

San Jose, CA 95128 

800-538-5000 • 800-662-6279 (CA) 

(408) 995-5430 • Telex 171-110 



PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING 
TERMS: For shipping include $2 for UPS Ground or $3 for UPS Blue 
Label Air. Items over 5 pounds require additional shipping charges. 
Foreign orders, include sufficient amount for shipping. There is a $10 
minimum order. Bay Area and Los Angeles Counties add 6' . Safes 
Tax. Other California residents add 6% Sales Tax. We reserve the 
right to substitute manufacturer. Not responsible for typographical 
errors. Prices are subject to change without notice. We will match or 
beat any competitor's price provided it is not below our cost. 



118 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 84 on Reader Service card. 



ALL MERCHANDISE 100% GUARANTEED 



CALL US FOR VOLUME QUOTES 



APPLE* II COMPUTER USERS 

DISK DRIVE &&5F ^f> 



* Includes metal cabinet 

* Color matches Apple 

* 35 Tracks/single side 

* Includes cable 

* Use with Apple II Controller 



^ 






+*&*<*" 



16K RAM CARD s 69 95 



• 
• 



Upgrade your 48K Apple II to full 64K of RAM. 

Fully software and hardware compatible with the Apple 

language card and microsoft Z80 card. 

* Eliminates the need for the Applesoft or Integer Basic 
ROM card when used in conjunction with DOS 3.3. 

* Allows you to run Apple Fortran or Pascal with no 
difficulty. 

* Available as bare board, kit, or assembled and tested 
board. 

BARE PC CARD — $28.00 KIT — $59.95 

COOLING FAN $ 69 95 

* Easy installation. 

* No modification of Apple required 

* Color matches Apple. 

* Switch on front controls fan, 
computer and monitor. 

* Ultra-quiet, reliable fan. 

* Completely eliminates problems 
caused by overheating. 

Apple is a trademark of APPLE COMPUTER, INC. 



EPSON 
PRINTERS 

MX-80 

MX-80FT 

MX-100 

CALL FOR PRICE 

WE HAVE APPLE AND TRS-80 
INTERFACE CARDS AND CABLES 



MONITORS 



N 



JB-1201 M 



NITH 



ZVM-121 



s 169 
$ 119 



00 



95 





Dl 

5 1 / 4 " 

ATH AN A ss so soft 24.95 

MEMOREX sssd soft 26.95 

VERBATIM sssd soft 29.95 

VERBATIM 10 SECTION HARD . . 29.95 

8" 

VERBATIM sssd soft 44.95 



IBM* PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS 



• 
• 



MEMORY 
EXPANSION CARD 

64K-192K. 

Full single-bit error correction circuitry (ECC) assures 

reliable memory. 

Fully IBM hardware and software compatible. 

Highest quality PC card. 

Price includes: PC card, card guide, ECC ROM, and 

manual 

BARE PC CARD $120.00 



DUAL SERIAL CARD 
WITH GAME ADAPTER 

• 2 Asynchronous RS232 Serial Ports. 

• Game adapter port. 

• Fully IBM compatible. 

• Replaces 2 IBM Asynchronous Communication 
Adapter cards. 

• Price Includes: PC card, Prom, Mounting Bracket 
and Manual. 

BARE PC CARD $60.00 



TM100-1 DISK DRIVE $ 229 

•IBM is a trademark of INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES 



00 



HOURS: 
M-F, 9-5; Sat. 11-3 

VISIT OUR 
RETAIL STORE 




JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. 

1224 S. Bascom Avenue 
San Jose, CA 95128 
. 800-538-5000 • 800-662-6279 (CA) 
(408) 995-5430 • Telex 171-110 



PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING 
TERMS: For shipping include $2 for UPS Ground or $3 for UPS Blue 
Label Air. Items over 5 pounds require additional shipping charges. 
Foreign orders, include sufficient amount for shipping. There is a $10 
minimum order. Bay Area and Los Angeles Counties add 6'/}% Sales 
Tax. Other California residents add 6% Sales Tax. We reserve the 
right to substitute manufacturer. Not responsible for typographical 
errors. Prices are subject to change without notice. We will match or 
beat any competitor's price provided it is not below our cost. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 119 



UJ 



DIGITAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS 

(214) 271-3538 



32K S-100 EPROM CARD 
NEW! 




$79.95 

KIT 



SPECIAL: 2716 EPROM s (450 NS) 



KIT FEATURES 

1 Uses +5V only 2716 (2Kx8) EPROM s 

2 Allows up to 32K of software on line' 

3 IEEE S-100 Compatible 

4 Addressable as two independent 16K 
blocks 

5 Cromemco extended or Northstar bank 
select 

6 On board wait state circuitry if needed 



8 



USES 2716s 

Blank PC Board - $34 

ASSEMBLED & TESTED 
ADD $30 

Are $9.95 Ea. With Above Kit. 

Any or all EPROM locations can be 

disabled 

Double sided PC board, solder-masked, 

silk-screened 

Gold plated contact fingers 

Unselected EPROM's automatically 

powered down for low power. 

Fully buffered and bypassed. 

Easy and quick to assemble. 



16K STATIC RAM KIT-S 100 BUSS 

PRICE CUT! 



i ii ii ilium ii i 

K\: ■--■-'-■ -' 



— .. —AiJth. 



$ 1 49 9 k 5 , t 




*!• >"►'"•. 




KIT FEATURES 

1 Addressable as four separate 4K Blocks 

2 ON BOARD BANK SELECT circuitry (Cro- 
memco Standard 1 ) Allows up to 512K on line' 

3 Uses 2114 (450NS) 4K Static Rams 

4 ON BOARD SELECTABLE WAIT STATES 

5 Double sided PC Board, with solder mask and 
silk screened layout Gold plated contact fingers 

6 All address and data lines fully buffered 

7 Kit includes ALL parts and sockets 

8 PHANTOM is jumpered to PIN 67 

9 LOW POWER under 1 5 amps TYPICAL from 
the +8 Volt Buss 

10 Blank PC Board can be populated as any 
multiple of 4K 





>M !lftllfh 





BLANK PC BOARD W/DATA-$33 
LOW PROFILE SOCKET SET-$12 

SUPPORT IC'S & CAPS-$19.95 
ASSEMBLED & TESTED-ADD $35 



OUR #1 SELLING 
RAM BOARD! 



STEREO! a,*- 

S-100 SOUND COMPUTER BOARD 



COMPLETE KIT! 



(WITH DATA MANUAL) 



At last, an S-100 Board that unleashes the full power of two 
unbelievable General lnstrumentsAY3-8910NMOS computer 
sound ICs Allows you under total computer control to 
generate an infinite number of special sound effects for 
games or any other program Sounds can be called in BASIC. 
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE, etc. 
KIT FEATURES: 

* TWO Gl SOUND COMPUTER ICS. 

* FOUR PARALLEL I/O PORTS ON BOARD 

* USES ON BOARD AUDIO AMPS OR YOUR STEREO 

* ON BOARD PROTO TYPING AREA 

* ALL SOCKETS. PARTS AND HARDWARE ARE INCLUDED 

* PC BOARD IS SOLDERMASKED. SILK SCREENED, WITH GOLD CONTACTS 

* EASY. QUICK. AND FUN TO BUILD WITH FULL INSTRUCTIONS 

* USES PROGRAMMED I/O FOR MAXIMUM SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY. 
Both Basic and Assembly Language Programming examples are included 

SOFTWARE: 

SCL™ is now available' Our Sound Command Language makes writing Sound Effects programs 
a SNAP! SCL™ also includes routines for Register-Examine-Modify. Memory-Examine-Modify. 
and Play-Memory. SCL" 1 is available on CP/M* compatible diskette or 2708 or 2716. Diskette - 
$24.95 2708 - $19.95 2716 - $29.95. Diskette includes the source. EPROM'S are ORG at 
E0OOH (Diskette it 8 Inch Soft Sectored) 



BLANK PC 
BOARD W/DATA 
$31 



64K S100 STATIC RAM 

$Q£Q00 

<J*T*J ki 



4K STATIC RAM 

National S C^ J#^^ 7 Arranged 4K x 1. +5V, 18 PIN DIP A 
Lower Po^j^fliJl Rj^ertpat for TMS 4044. 450 NS. 
Several Boards WHfc|j^Jw W ; *Mm> t*9Btfarr\ s SUPER 
SURPLUS PURCHASE! PRIME M|/r| J J 

8 for $16 32 for $59.95 * m 



Digital Research Computers 

w (OF TEXAS) r 

P.O. BOX 401565 • GARLAND, TEXAS 75040 • (214) 271-3538 



KIT 

NEW! 

LOW POWERI 

RAM OR EPROM! 

BLANK PC BOARD 

WITH DOCUMENTATION 

$55 

SUPPORT ICs -i- CAPS 
$17.50 

FULL SOCKET SET 
$14.50 

FULLY SUPPORTS THE 

NEW IEEE 696 S 100 

STANDARD 

(AS PROPOSED) 

FOR56K KIT $299 

ASSEMBLED AND 
TESTED ADD $40 




FEATURES: 

* Uses new 2K x 8 (TMM 2016 or HM 6116) RAMs. 

* Fully supports IEEE 696 24 BIT Extended 
Addressing. 

* 64 K draws only approximately 500 MA. 

* 200 NS RAMs are standard. (TOSHIBA makes 
TMM 2016s as fast as 100 NS. FOR YOUR HIGH 
SPEED APPLICATIONS.) 

* SUPPORTS PHANTOM (BOTH LOWER 32K 
AND ENTIRE BOARD). 

* 2716 EPROMs may be installed in any of top 48K. 

* Any of the top 8K (E000 H AND ABOVE) may 
be disabled to provide windows to eliminate 
any possible conflicts with your system monitor, 
disk controller, etc. 

* Perfect for small systems since BOTH RAM and 
EPROM may co-exist on the same board. 

* BOARD may be partially populated as 56K. 



64K SS-50 STATIC RAM 



(48K KIT) 



NEW! 



LOW POWER! 

RAM OR EPROM! 

BLANK PC BOARD 

WITH 

DOCUMENTATION 

$52 

SUPPORT ICs ♦ CAPS 
$18.00 

FULL SOCKET SET 
$15.00 

56K Kit $309 

64K Kit $359 

ASSEMBLED AND 
TESTED ADD $40 




FEATURES: 

* Uses new 2K x 8 (TMM 2016 or HM 6116) RAMs. 

* Fully supports Extended Addressing. 

* 64K draws only approximately 500 MA. 

* 200 NS RAMs are standard. (TOSHIBA makes 
TMM 2016s as fast as 100 NS. FOR YOUR HIGH 
SPEED APPLICATIONS.) 

* Board is configured as 3-1 6K blocks and 8-2K 
blocks (within any 64K block) for maximum 
flexibility. 

* 2716 EPROMs may be installed anywhere on 
Board. 

* Top 16K may be disabled in 2K blocks to avoid 
any I/O conflicts. 

* One Board supports both RAM and EPROM. 

* RAM supports 2MHZ operation at no extra 
charge! 

* Board may be partially populated in 16K 
increments. 



SPECIAL PURCHASE! 

UART SALE! 

TR1 602B - SAME AS TMS601 1 , 
AY5-1 01 3, ETC. 40 PIN DIP 



TR1602B 



EACH 



4 For *10 00 



CRT CONTROLLER CHIP 
SMC #CRT 5037. PROGRAMMABLE FOR 80 x 24, ETC. VERY RARE 
SURPLUS FIND. WITH PIN OUT. $12.95 EACH. 



NEW! G.I. COMPUTER SOUND CHIP 

AY3-8910. As featured in July, 1979 BYTE! A fantastically powerful Scund & Music 
Generator. Perfect for use with any 8 Bit Microprocessor Contains. 3 Tone Channels. 
Noise Generator, 3 Channels of Amplitude Control. 16 bit Envelope Period Control, 2-8 
Bit Parallel I/O. 3 D to A Converters, plus much more" All in one 40 Pin DIP. Super easy 
interface to the S-100 or other busses. $11.95 PRICE CUT! 

SPECIAL OFFER: $ 1 4 . 95 each Add $3 for 60 page Data Manual. 



TERMS: Add $2.00 postage. We pay balance Orders under $15 add 75C 
handling. No C.O.D. We accept Visa and MasterCharge. Tex. Res. add 5% 
Tax. Foreign orders (except Canada) add 20% P & H. Orders over $50, add 
85C for insurance. 



'TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH. 



WE ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIGITAL RESEARCH OF CALIFORNIA, THE SUPPLIERS OF CPM SOFTWARE 



WA M ECO 

THE COMPLETE PC BOARD HOUSE 
EVERYTHING FOR THE S-100 BUSS 



TWO NEW BOARDS 

CRT-1 VIDEO BOARD 

* SIMULATES INTELLIGENT TERMINAL 

* SEPARATE & COMPOSITE VIDEO 
*LT.PEN INTERFACE 

* 4KX8 DISPLAY RAM 
*APL PROM LOCATION 
*4K X 4 ATTRIBUTE RAM 

* 2K OR 4K OF PROGRAM LOCATION 

* KEYBOARD INTERFACE 

PCBD $40.95 

KIT $259.95 

A&T $319.95 



MEM-4. RAM/ROM 65K X 8 

* USES TMN 2016 - TMS 4016 RAMS OR 
2716 EPROM IN ANY LOCATION 

* EXTENDED ADDRESSING 

* EXPANDABLE IN 2K BLOCKS 

* HCMOS COMPATABLE FOR ALL SUPPORT 

* Bl - DIRECTIONAL BUSSING AVAILABLE ON 
Dl OR DO LINES (SAME MEM-3) 

* BANK SELECTABLE USING EXTENDED ADDRESS- 
ING ON UPPER PORTION OF MEMORY 

PCBD $40.95 

KIT (LESS RAM) $1 09.95 

A&T LESS RAM $1 39.95 



NOW DISTRIBUTING FOR EXTEK. EXTEK-64 EXPANSION FOR SSM'S PB-1. PROGRAMS 2732, 2732A 
AND 2764. ON THE PB-1 BANK DISABLE FOR PROGRAMMING SOCKET, SOCKETS EXTENDS ABOVE THE 
PB-1 SO NO EXTENDER IS REQUIRED. CP/M COMPATABLE SOFTWARE DISC IS INCLUDED. 
KIT $1 15.95, A&T $129.95 

FOR 24 X 80 OR 36 X 80 INITIALIZATION FIRMWARE CHANGES FOR CRT-1 
PLEASE SEND SELF ADDRESSED STAMPED ENVELOPE. 



wmc 



/• 

/nc. 



WAMECO INC. P.O. BOX 877 • EL GRANADA. CA 94018 • (415) 728-9114 



€ 



CALIFORNIA COMPUTER SYSTEMS 

SIN 

2032 32K STATIC RAM A& T 
200NSEC 

2116 16K STATIC RAM A & T 



$46800 



200NSEC 


$279.50 


2065 64K DYNAMIC RAM A & T 


$351 00 


2200 S-100 MAIN FRAM A & T 


$50000 


2422A FLOPPY DISC WITH CP/M 2 2 " 


S372.50 


2831 A ARITHMETIC PROCESSOR A&T 


$55250 


2610AZ80 CPU A& T 


$281 25 


27I0A4 SERIAL 1/0 A& T 


S291 95 


2501A 12 SLOT MOTHER BOARD 


$180 00 


2720A 4 PARALLEL A & T 


S214 95 


PHOTO BOARDS WW 


S39 95 


APPLE PRODUCTS 




7114A 12K R0M/PR0M 


$9995 


7424A CALENDAR/CLOCK 


S106 95 


7440A PROGRAMMABLE TIMER 


S106.95 


7470A A TO D CONVERTER 


S105 95 


7490A GPIB (IE 488) INTERFACE 


$182.00 


7710A ASYNC SERIAL 


S125 95 


7712A SYNC SERIAL 


$148 50 


7720A PARALLEL STANDARD 


$10500 


7720B PARALLEL CENTRONICS 


$10500 


781 1 B ARITHMETIC PROCESSOR W DISC 


$32500 


761 1 C ARITHMETIC PROCESSOR W ROM 


S325 00 


7520A EXTFNDER 


$2350 


7300A APPLE CLIP 


$8 00 


SOFTWARE 




23-01 CP/M 'MACRO ASSEMBLER ON DISK 


$76 95 


24-01 CP/M "SYMBOLIC INSTRUCTION DEBUGGER 


$64 25 


25-01 CP/M 'TEXT F0RMATER 


$64 25 


26-01 CP/M 'BACKGROUND PRINT UTILITY 


S42 95 



OTHER CCS PRODUCTS ARE AVAILABLE 
CALL FOR PRICE 



SSiV 



MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS 
S100 PRODUCTS 
CBIA 8080 PROCESSOR PCBD 
KIT $15595 A& T 

CB-2 280 PROCESSOR BOARD 
KIT S19895 A & T 



S32 95 
$21595 



VBIC 64 x 16 VIDEO PCBD 

KIT S15395 A& T 

VB2 64 x 16 VIDEO PCBD 

KIT S17595 A&T 

VB3 80 CHARACTER VIDEO 4MHZ 
KIT S345 95 A& T 

UPGRADE RAMS FOR VB-3 

104 2 PARALLEL 2 SERIAL PCBD 
KIT $160.95 A& T 

PB-1 2708 2716 PROGRAMMER BOARD 
KIT $140 95 A & T 

MB-10 16K STATIC RAM 

KIT $299 95 A& T 

APPLE PRODUCTS 
A488 IEEE 488 INTERFACE 

AI0 - II SERIAL7PARALLEL INTERFACE 
A&T 

ASIO SERIAL I 

A&T 

APIO PARALLEL 10 W/0 CABLES 

A&T 



OTHER SSM PRODUCTS ARE AVAILABLE 
CALL FOR PRICES 



S269 95 

$32 95 
S199 95 

$32 95 
$234 95 



$425 95 

S42 00 

S32 95 
$19995 



$18995 
S339 95 

S399 95 

$178 00 

$11595 

$87 95 





MONDAY FRIDAY 8 OO TO 1 2 OO 1 OO TO 5 30 
THURSDAYS 8 OO TO 9 OO P M 

(415) 728-9121 
P.O. BOX 955 • EL GRANADA. CA 94018 

PLEASE SEND FOR IC XIST0R AND COMPUTER PARTS Lib' 



SEPT SPECIAL SALE 
ON PREPAID ORDERS 

ARGE CARDS COD OR P0 S NOT AVAHABl.fi 

MUST MENTION AD FOR SPECIAL PRICES 

WAMECO CRT-1 WITH MIKOS PARTS. 

KIT $199.95. A&T $259.95 

WAMECO MEM - 3 WITH MIKO PARTS LESS RAM 

KIT $85.95. A&T SI 19.95 



W777C 



inc. WAMECO INC. 



BOARDS WITH MIKOS PARTS 

MEM-3 32K STATIC RAM. PCBD 

KIT LESS RAM $95 95 A&T 

CPU-2 Z80 PROCESSOR. PCBD 

KIT LESS ROM S10995 A& T 

EPM-2 16K/32K EPROM PCBD 

KIT LESS ROM S65 95. A& T 

FPB-1 FRONT PANEL PCBD 

KIT $144 95 A& T 

CRT-1 36 OR 24 x 80 VIDEO BOARD, PCBD 
KIT $249 95, A&T 



S36 95 
$135 95 

S32 95 
S149.95 

S32 95 
S99 95 

$48 50 
S184 95 

$38.95 
$29995 



MEM-4 65K RAM/ROM BOARD, PCBD $38.95 

KIT LESS MEMORY $99.95, A& T LESS MEMORY $1 29 95 

OTHER WAMECO PRODUCTS ARE AVAILABLE. 
CALL FOR PRICES. 

MIKOS PARTS ASSORTMENTS ARE ALL FACTORY MARKEO PARTS KITS INCLUDE 
ALL PARTS LISTED AS REQUIRED FOR THE COMPLETE KIT LESS PARTS LISTED 
ALL SOCKETS INCLUDED 

LARGE SELECTION OF LS TTL AVAILABLE. 

PURCHASE $50.00 WORTH OF LS TTL AND GET 1 0% CREDIT 
TOWARD ADDITIONAL PURCHASES PREPAID ORDERS ONLY 



VISA or MASTERCHARGE Send account number, interbank number, expiration date 
and sign your order Approx postage will be added Orders with check or money order 
will be sent post paid in U S If you are not a regular customer, please use charge 
cashier's check or postal money order Otherwise there will be a two-week delay for 
checks to clear Calif residents add 6 5% tax Money back 30-day guarantee We 
cannot accept returned IC'S that have been soldered to Prices subiect to change without 
notice $20 minimum trier 12 00 service chirfe n orders less thin $20 00 



Microcomputing, September 1982 121 



Circle 256 on Reader Service card. 



WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD 



SOFTWARE 


MICROPRO 




Wordstar 


$269.00 


Mailmerge 


89.00 


Customization Notes 


$359.00 


Spellstar 


$239.00 


Datastar 


$199.00 


Calcstar 


$199.00 


MICROSOFT 




Basic Interpreter 


$349.00 


Basic Compiler 


$389.00 


Fortran 80 


$499.00 


Cobol 80 


$695.00 


DATA BASE 




FMS80 


$595.00 


dBase II 


$599.00 


NEW! IBM PC SOFTWARE 


NEW! 


INFORMATION UNLIMITED 




Easy Writer 


$289.00 


Easy Speller 


$149.00 


Easy Filer 


$319.00 


VISICORP 




Visicalc 256K 


$190.00 


VisiDex 


$199 


VisiFile 


$229 


VisiTrend/VisiPlot 


$229 


MICROPRO 




Wordstar 


$299.00 


MISCELLANEOUS 




Supercalc by Sorcim 


$229.00 


Superwriter by Sorcim 


$289.00 


Home Accountant Plus 


$139.00 


ENTERTAINMENT 




Deadline 


$39.00 


Temple of Apshai 


$29.00 


Curse of Ra 


$15.99 


Call For More IBM Software And Accessories 


DISK DRIVES 


CCI 100 for the TRS-80 Model 1 




5 1 A 40 track 


$299.00 


CCI 189 for the Zenith Z-89 




5 1 A 40 track 


$379.00 


CORVUS 5M with Mirror 


$3089.00 


CORVUS 10M with Mirror 


$4489.00 


CORVUS 20M with Mirror 


$5389.00 


CORVUS Interfaces 


CALL 


RANA SYSTEMS add-on Disc Drive for the Apple II 


Elite One 40 Track 


CALL 


Elite Controller 


CALL 


Elite Two 80 Track 


CALL 


Elite Three 80 Track double-sided 


CALL 


DISKETTES 


Maxell 5 1 /4 single side 


$39.00 


Maxell 8 single side 


$49.00 


Maxell 5V4 double side 


$45.00 


Maxell 8 double side 


$55.00 


BASF 5 1 A 


$26.95 


BASF 8 


$36.00 


Verbatim 5V* 


$26.95 


Verbatim 8 


$36.00 


Wabash 5 1 A 


$24.95 


Wabash 8 


$29.95 


IBM PC ACCESSORIES 



APPLE SOFTWARE 



COMPUTERS 



64K Card by Microsoft 

Joystick by T & G 

128KCard 

192K Card 

256K Card 

Combo Card by Apparat 

Call for more IBM PC add-ons 



$435.00 
$49.00 
$579.00 
$629.00 
$699.00 
$249.00 



For fast delivery, send certified checks, money 
orders, or call to arrange direct bank wire 
transfers. Personal or company checks require 
one to three weeks to clear. All prices are 
mail order only and are subject to change 
without notice. Call for shipping charges. 



MICROPRO 

Wordstar 

MailMerge 

Spellstar 

DataStar 

Calcstar 

Supersort I 

VISICORP 

VisiCalc 

VisiTerm 

VisiDex 

VisiPlot 

VisiFile 

VisiSchedule 

VisiTrend/Plot 

VisiPac 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Micro Courier 

Screen Director 

Executive Briefing System 

Supercalc 

Personal Filing System 

PFS Report Writer 

Word Handler 

CP/M Power 

ENTERTAINMENT 

Wizard and Princess 

Twerps 

Beer Run 

Zork I, II 

Deadline 

Chop Lifter 

Pinball 

Cannonball Blitz 

Knights of Diamonds 

Midnight Magic 

Wizardry 

Time Zone 

Tuesday Morning Quarterback 

Crush, Crumble & Chomp 

Datestones of Ryn 

Morloc's Tower 

Star Warrior 

Snack Attack 

Star Blazer 

Kabul Spy 

Cyclod 



$269.00 
$99.00 
$149.00 
$199.00 
$189.00 
$159.00 

$199.00 
$79.00 
$199.00 
$169.00 
$199.00 
$259.00 
$239.00 
$539.00 

$219.00 
$129.00 
$169.00 

$!99.00 
$115.00 

$75.00 
$169.00 

$59.00 

$29.00 
$28.00 
$28.00 
$26.95 
$39 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$29.95 
$29.95 
$32.00 
$45.00 
$79.00 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$15.99 
$15.99 
$31.99 
$23.95 
$24.95 
$29.95 
$23.95 



APPLE ACCESORIES 



ADVANCED LOGIC 

Add-Ram 16K Card $99.00 

Z-Card CP/M for the Apple II $225.00 
Smarterm 80 Column Board w/Softswitch $249.00 
The Synergizer 

All of the above plus The CP/M Handbook" $545.00 

Z-80 Card by Microsoft $319.00 

16K Card by Microsoft $159.00 

32K Card by Saturn $199.00 

Keyboard Enhancer II by Videx $1 25.00 

Videoterm by Videx $259.00 

Game Paddles by TG $49.00 

Joystick by TG $49.00 

Numeric Keypad by Keyboard Co. $139.00 

ALF 9 Voice Board $1 59.00 

ALF 3 Voice Board $229.00 

System Saver by Kensington $75.00 

Versacard by Prometheus $229.00 

8088 Card by Coprocessor $789.00 

Microbuffer II 16K w/graphics $259.00 

Microbuffer II 32K w/graphics $299.00 
APPLE INTERFACE CARDS BY CCS 

Serial Asynch. #7710 $139.00 

Serial Synch.#7712 $149.00 
Call for other CCS cards 



16K Ram Kit for Apple II; TRS80 
200 nano seconds, 41 16 chips 



$17.50 



$485.00 
$265.00 
$569.00 
$359.00 



CALIFORNIA COMPUTER SYSTEM 

Mainframe 2200a 

Z-80 CPU 2810a 

64K RAM 2065 

Floppy Controller 2422a 

ZENITH 

Z-89 48K CALL 

Z-90 64K CALL 

Call For Prices On The Complete Zenith Line 

CASIO FX702P Pocket Computer $179.00 

Sanyo MBC 1 000 64K $1 649 

Call For Prices On Complete Sanyo Computer Line 

PRINTERS 



NEC 7710 Serial 

NEC 7720 KSR 

NEC 7730 Parallel 

NEC 3510 Serial 

NEC 3530 Parallel 

NEC 8023 Dot Matrix 100cps 

Olivetti DY21 1 Letter Quality 

Daisy Wheel Printer 

Parallel Only 
Epson MX-80 
Epson MX-80FT 
Epson MX- 100 
IDS 560 
IDS Prism 80 
IDS Prism 132 
Okidata Microline 80 
Okidata Microline 82A 
Okidata Microline 83A 
Okidata Microline 84 
Centronics 739 
Datasouth 180 cps 
Zenith Z-25 1 50 cps 



$2395.00 
$2749.00 
$2395.00 
$1850.00 
$1850.00 
$539.00 

$1095.00 
$995.00 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
CALL 
$675.00 
CALL 
CALL 



MONITORS 



Amdek 12" B&W 
Amdek 13" Color 
Sayno 9" B&W 
Sanyo 9" Green 
Sayno 12" B&W 
Sayno 1 2" Green 
Sanyo 13" Color 
Zenith 12" Green 
Zenith 13" Color 
Electrohome 13" HI-RES 

Color Monitor 
Electrohome 1 3" Color 
Electrohome 12" B&W 
Electrohome 1 2" Green 
Electrohome 9" B&W 
Electrohome 9" Green 



$109.00 
$329.00 
$135.00 
$140.00 
$179.00 
$189.00 
$359.00 
$99.00 
$339.00 

$829.00 
$349.00 
$179.00 
$189.00 
$149.00 
$159.00 



SPECIAL OF THE MONTH 
RANA SYSTEMS 
add-on disk drive lor Apple II 
Elite One 40 track CALL 



TERMINALS 



ADDS Viewpoint 

Zenith Z-1 9 
Televideo 910 
Televideo 925 
Televideo 950 



$495.00 
$679.00 
$595.00 
$779.00 

$969.00 



TELECOMMUNICATIONS 



Prentice Star Modem 
Novation Cat Modem 
Novation D-CAT 
Novation AUTO-CAT 
Novation APPLE CAT 
Hayes Smart Modem 
Hayes Micro-Modem 
Hayes Chronograph 



$129.00 
$139.00 
$149.00 
$199.00 
$299.00 
$249.00 
$295.00 
$225.00 



master charge 

IH« MUHBtlW C«RO 



£_y 



The CPU Shop 

TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 1 -800-343-6522 * 



420-438 Rutherford Ave., Dept. 



Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 



VISA 9 



Hours 9 AM - 9 PM (EST) Mon.-Fri. (Sat. till 6) 
Technical information call 617/242-3361 



TWX- 71 0-348-1 796 



Massachusetts Residents call 617/242-3361 
Massachusetts Residents add 5% Sales Tax 



Circle 44 on Reader Service card. 



FULL LINE ALL PARTS & COMPUTER PRODUCTS 



ELECTRONICS 



P.O. Box 4430S 

Santa Clara, CA 95054 

Will calls: 2322 Walsh Ave. 

(408) 988-1640 

Same day shipment. First line parts only. Factory tested. Guaranteed 
money back. Quality IC's and other components at factory prices. 

WTtfaRKTEO CIRCUITS Phone orders only (800) 538-8196 



7400TTL 

7400N 19 

7402N 19 

7404N 22 

7409N 19 

7410N 19 

7414N 55 

7420N 19 

7430N 19 

7442N 49 

7445N 69 

7447N 69 

7448N 69 

7474N 35 

7475N 49 

7485N 65 

7489N 1 70 

7490N 35 

7495N 55 

7410ON 1 00 

74107N 30 

74123N 55 

741 25N 45 

74145N 60 

74150M 1 20 

74151N 65 

741 54N 1 25 

741 57N 55 

74161N 70 

74162N 85 

74163N 85 

74174N 89 

741 75N 85 

74190N 1 15 

74192N 79 

74193N 79 

74221N 1 25 

74298N 85 

74365N 65 

74366N 65 

74367N 65 

74LSMTTI 

74LS00N 25 

74LS02N 25 

74LS04N 25 

74LS05N 25 

74LS08N 35 

74LS10N 25 

74LS13N 45 

74LS14N 99 

74LS20N 25 

74LS22M 25 

741S28N 35 

74LS30N 25 

74LS33M 55 

74LS38N 35 

74LS74N 45 

74LS75N 50 

74LS90N 60 

74LS93N 65 

74LS95N 85 

74LS107N 40 

74LS112N 45 

74LS113N 45 

74LS132N 75 

74LS136N 49 

74LS151N 75 

74LS155M 79 

74LS157N 75 

74LS162N 95 

74LS163N 95 

74LS174N 95 

74LS190N 1 00 

74LS221N 1 19 

74LS258N 69 

74LS367N 69 



CA3045 
CA3046 1 
CA3081 1 
CA3082 1 
CA3089 3 
LM301AN AH 
LM305H 
LM307N 
LM308N 
LM309K 1 
LM311HN 



LM3177 165 

LM317K 3 75 

LM318 1 49 

LM320K 5 1 35 

LM320K 12 1 35 

LM320K-15 1 35 

LM320T5 85 

LM320T-B 85 

LM320M2 85 

LM320T-15 85 

LM323K-5 4 95 

LM324N 59 

LM339N 99 

LM340K-5 1 35 

LM340K-8 1 35 

LM340K 12 1 35 

LM340K-15 1 35 

LM340K 24 1 35 

LM340T5 75 

LM340T-8 75 

LM340T12 75 

LM340T15 75 

LM340T 18 75 

LM340T-24 75 

LM350 5 50 

LM377 2 29 

LM380N 1 00 

LM381 1 60 

LM382 1 60 

LM709H 59 

LM723HN 49 

LM733N 85 

LM741CH 35 

LM741N 35 

LM747H/N 75 

LM748N 50 

LM1303N 1 75 

LM1304 1 10 

LM1305 1 27 

LM1307 1 10 

LM1310 2 75 

LM14S8 55 

LM1812 8 25 

LM1889 2 49 

LM2111 1 75 

LM2902 2 25 

LM3900N 59 

LM3905 1 25 

LM3909N 95 

MC 1458V 55 

NE550N 1 30 

NE555V 39 

NE556A 65 

NE565A 1 00 

NE566V 1 50 

NE567V 1 00 

NE570B 4 75 

76L05 60 

78L06 60 

78M05 85 

75108 1 49 

75491CN 50 

75492CN 55 

75494CN 89 

A to CONVERTER 



80388 

8700CJ 

670 1CN 

6750CJ 

9400CJVF 

ICL7103 

ICL7107 



C04000 
C04001 
C04002 
C04006 
C04007 
CD4008 
CD4009 
CD4010 
CD4011 
C04012 
C04013 
C04014 
CD4015 
C04016 
CD4017 
C04018 



4 50 
1395 
22 00 

13 95 
740 
950 

14 25 



CD4019 

C04020 

CD4021 

C04022 

CD4023 

CD4024 

CO4025 

C04026 

CD4027 

CD4028 

CD4029 

CD4030 

C04035 

C04040 

CD4042 

CD4043 

C04044 

CD4046 

CD4049 

CD4050 

CD4051 

C04060 

CD4066 

CD4068 

CD4069 

CD4070 

C04071 

C04072 

C04073 

CD4075 

CD4076 

CD4078 

CD4081 

CD4082 

CD4116 

C04490 

CO4507 

CD4508 

CO4510 

C04511 

C04515 

C04516 

CD4518 

CU4520 

CD4527 

C04528 

CD4553 

C04566 

CD4583 

C04585 

C040192 

74CO0 

74C04 

74C10 

74C14 

74C20 

74C30 

74C48 

74C74 

74C76 

74C90 

74C93 

74C154 

74C160 

74C175 

74C192 

74C221 

74C905 

74C914 

74C922 

74C923 

74C925 

74C926 

74C927 

INTERFACE 

6095 

8096 

8097 

8098 

8T09 

8T10 

8T13 

8T20 

8T23 

8T24 

8T25 

8T26 

8T28 

8T97 

8T98 



MOS MEMORY RAM 



2101-1 

2102-1 

2102AL 4 

2102AN-2L 

2104A-4 

2107B-4 

2111-1 

2112-2 

2114 

21141300ns 

21141450ns 

4116 200ns 

84116200ns 

8 4116150ns 

MM5280 

MM5321 

MMS330 

P5101L 

4200A 

9368 

4100 

416 

TMM2016 

HM6116P3 

HM6116LP3 

4164 200ns 

MK4816 

CLOCKS 

MM5311 

MM5312 

MM5314 

MM5369 

MM5641 1 

MM5865 

CT7010 

CT7015 

MM5375AA7N 

MM5375AC/N 

7205 1 

7207 

7208 1 

7209 

MSM5832 



MICROPROCESSOR 



1 95 

85 

1 25 

1 65 
495 
3 75 
299 
299 

2 24 
250 
2 37 
2 25 

13 75 

18 50 
300 
9 95 
5 94 
8 95 

11 50 
350 

10 00 
250 
995 

10 95 

11 95 
8 95 

24 50 



UARTFIEO 

AV5-1013 3 95 

AY5-1014A 1612 6 95 

3341 6 95 

PROM 

1702A 



2532 
270 



0E9S 

0A15P 

0A15S 

Complete Set 

Stopaalch Kll 
Auto Clock Kit 



2708 3 75 

2716TI 8 50 

2716 5 Volt 4 95 

8/2716 5 Voll 4 25 

2732 8 95 

2758 7 49 

8741A 39 95 

8748 29 95 

8755 31 95 

N82S23 2 95 

N82S123 3 95 

N82S126 5 75 

N82S129 475 

N82S131 4 95 

N82S136 8 75 

N82S137 8 75 

0M8577 2 90 

2716-1 8 95 

CONNECTORS 

30 pin edge 2 50 

44 pin edge 2 75 

86 pin edge 4 00 

100 pin edge 3 95 
100 pin edge w/w 4 95 

IC SOCKETS 

Solder Tin Low Profile 

PIN 1UP PIN 1UP 

6 13 22 30 



MM 

17 95 
Digital Clock KN 19.76 

RESISTORS Vd wall S% 

10 per type 05 

100 per type 015 

1000 per type 012 

5000 per type 0085 

350 piece pack 

5 per type 8 95 



3W 

COMPUTER 

FAN 

$7.75 



v> wan 5% per type 05 

DIP SWITCHES 

4 position 85 

S-posidon 90 

6 position 90 

7 position 95 

8 position 95 

KEYBOARDS 

56 key ASCII keyboard kit 

Fully assembled 

Enclosure Plastic 

Metal Enclosure 



MONITORS 

12 GREEN 
$129 00 
12 IW 
S11S.M 



S74 95 
84 50 
19 95 
69 95 



20 29 40 49 
WIRE WRAP LEVEL 3 



LEOS 

Red T0 18 15 

Green Yellow T018 20 

Jumbo Red 25 

Green. Orange. Yellow Jumbo 25 

Cliplite LEO Mourning CHps 4 80 

(spec red. amber green, yellow clear) 

CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES in «loek 

Complete line ot breadboard test equip 

OK WIRE WRAP TOOLS III ftort 
Complete line ot AP Products in stock 

SPECIAL PROOUCTS 

2 5 MHz Freq Counter Kit 37 50 

30 MHz Freq Counter Kit 47 75 



6502 

6502A 

6502B 

6504 

6522 

6530 

6532 

6551 

6800 

6820 

6850 

8080A 

8085A 

Z80A 

Z80B 

Z80P10 

Z80A P10 

Z80CTC 

Z80ACTC 

Z80 DART 

Z80A DART 

Z80DMA 

Z80A DMA 

Z80S10 

Z80AS10 

Z80S10 1 

Z80AS10 1 

Z80 S10/2 

Z80AS10/2 

Z80BCTC 

Z806P10 

8212 

8214 

8216 

8224 

8228 

8251 

8253 

8255 

8257 

8259 

1802CEplas 

1802E plas 

1861P 



6 95 

7 25 
14 95 

695 

8 75 

9 50 

14 95 
11 85 

5 70 

4 95 
350 

3 95 
750 
600 

16 95 
650 

5 95 
5 95 
8 65 

15 25 
18 75 

17 50 

27 50 

18 50 
21 95 
15 00 
23 90 
23 95 

28 95 
15 50 
15 50 

1 85 
375 
1 80 
250 

4 95 
4 75 
895 
4 75 
8 75 
690 

13 95 

1795 

595 



CRYSTALS 

1 MHz 

2 MHz 

4 MHz 

5 MHz 
10 MHz 
18 MHz 
20 MHz 
32 MHz 
32768 Hz 

1 8432 MHz 
3 5795 MHz 1 20 

2 0100 MHz 1 95 
2 097152 MHz 3 95 

2 4576 MHz 3 95 

3 2768 MHz 3 95 
5 0688 MHz 3 95 
5 185 MHz 3 95 

5 7143 MHz 3 95 

6 5536 MHz 3 95 
14 31818 MHz 3 95 
18 432 MHz 3 95 
22 1184 MHz 3 95 

KEYBOARD ENCODERS 

AY5-2376 11 95 

AY5 3600PRO 11 95 

74C922 5 49 

74C923 5 50 

HD0165-5 7 95 

Connector* RS232 

DB25P 2 95 

DB25S 3 50 

0E9P 1 95 

Cover 1 25 



AC TRANSFORMERS 

FRAME 

6V500 ma $4 

6 3V CT 600 ma 4 

12V 250 ma 1 

12 6V CT 600 ma 4 

12 6V CT 2 amps 5 

12 6V CT 4 amp 8 

l2 6VCT8amp 10 

24V CT 100 ma 3 

24V CT 600 ma 4 



WALL PLUG 
00 10V 2 amp $7 95 
60 12V 250 ma 2 95 
95 12V CT 250 ma 3 75 
95 12V 500 ma 4 50 
95 12V 1 amp 5 95 
60 12V 2 amp 7 95 
806 9 12VOC 
95 300 ma 8 95 
95 9 VOC 500 ma 3 75 



Constant Voltage Tranttormert 12V 11 amp. 
5V 23 amp. 24V 11 amp 15 00 



DISPLAY LEOS 

MAN 72 74 CA CA 

0L704 CC 

DL707DL707R CA 

DL727 728 CA/CC 

0L747750 CA/CC 

FN0359 CC 

FND500/507 CC CA 

FND503/510 CC/CA 

FND8O0/807 CC/CA 
10 digit display 
7520 Clairex photocells 
TIL311 Hex 

MAN4610 CA 

MAN4640 CC 

MAN4710 CA 

MAM 740 CC 

MAN6640 CC 

MAN6710 CA 

MAN6740 CC 

TELEVIOEO TERMINAL 
Model 950 



300 75 

300 1 25 

300 1 00 

500 1 90 

600 1 49 

357 70 

500 99 

500 90 

800 2 20 
1 25 



S980 00 



4116 200ns Dynamic RAM 8/S13.75 



Apple Peripheral Kits 

SERIAL I/O INTERFACE to 30,000 baud, 
D.T.R., Input & output from monitor or basic, or 
use Apple as intelligent terminal, Bd only (P/N 2) 
$14.95, Kit (P/N 2A) $51.25, Assembled (P/N 
2C) $62.95. 

PROTOTYPING BOARD (P/N 7907) $21.95. 
PARALLEL TRIAC OUTPUT BOARD 8 triacs, 
each can switch 110V, 6A loads, Bd only (P/N 
210) $19.20. Kit (P/N 210A) $119.55. 
APPLE II GAME PADDLES Adam and Eve $38.00. 

Interlace Kits 

SERIAL PARALLEL INTERFACE Bidirectional, 
Baud rates from 110 to 19. 2K, sw selectable 
polarity of input and output strobe, 5 to 8 data 
bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, parity odd or even or none, 
all characters contain a start bit, +5 & -12V 
required. Bd only (P/N 101) $11.95, Kit (P/N 
101A) $42.89. 

RS-232/TTL INTERFACE Bidirectional, re- 
quires ±12V. Kit (P/N 232A) $9.95. 
RS-232 20mA INTERFACE Bidirectional, 2 
passive opto-isolated circuits, Kit (P/N 7901 A) 
$14.95. 

PROM Eraser 

Will erase 25 PROMs in 15 minutes. Ultraviolet, 
assembled. 25 PROM capacity $37.50 (with 
timer $69.50). 6 PROM capacity OSHA/UL ver- 
sion $83.00 (with timer $119.00). 

Z80 MicroProfessor $149.00 

Single board computer. Learning, teaching, pro- 
totyping. 2K RAM, keyboard, displays; cassette 
interface. Tiny BASIC $19.00. All fully 
assembled. 



Z80 Microcomputer Kit $69.00 

16 bit I/O, 2 MHz clock, 2K RAM, ROM Bread- 
board space. Excellent for control. Bare Board 
$28.50. Full Kit $79.00. Monitor $20.00. Power 
Supply Kit $35.00. Tiny Basic $30.00. 

Modem Kit $60.00 

State of the art, orig. , answer. No tuning neces- 
sary. 103 compatible 300 baud. Inexpensive 
acoustic coupler plans included. Bd. only 
$17.00. Article in June, July, Aug. Radio 
Electronics, 1981. 

60 Hz Crystal Time Base Kit $4.40 

Converts digital clocks from AC line frequency to 
crystal time base. Outstanding accuracy. 

Video Modulator Kit $9.95 

Convert TV set into a high quality monitor w/o 
affecting usage. Comp. kit w/full instruc. 

Multi-volt Computer Power Supply 

8v 5 amp, ±18v .5 amp, 5v 1.5 amp, -5v 
.5 amp, 12v .5 amp, -12v option. ±5v, ±12v 
are regulated. Basic Kit $35.95. Kit with chassis 
and all hardware $51.95. Add $5.00 shipping. Kit 
of hardware $16.00. Woodgrain case $10.00. 
$1.50 shipping. 

Type-N-Talk by Votrax 

Text to speech synthesizer with unlimited vocabu- 
lary, built-in text to speech algorithm, 70 to 100 
bits per second speech synthesizer, RS232C 
interface $359.00. Speech IC $72.00. 

Direct Connect Modem $99.00 

Fully assembled in case with RS232 cable. 
rig/answer, 103 compatible, 9V battery or 
wallplug. 



INTRODUCING A BRAND NEW MICROCOMPUTER 



mutt*-'' 



VENTURE is a single 
board computer that is an 
adventure for the hobbyist. It 
is a learning, training com- 
puter as well as just plain fun 
for anyone who wants to get 
into a state-of-the-art com- 
puter at reasonable cost. 

VENTURE comes in kit 
form or fully assembled and 
tested. You can get it in its 
minimum configuration for 
as little as $195.00 or take it all the way to floppy 
disks and voice. II can be expanded as a kit or fully 
assembled, at your own pace and choice. 

VENTURE is a 16" by 20" main board with 
separate ASCII and HEX keyboards. It runs fast, 
almost 4 MHz, and has the capability of putting 
almost 1 megabyte of RAM and ROM on the board 
along with a variety of inexpensive options. 

A 16-channel analog-to-digital converter allows 
use of joysticks, control functions, instrumenta- 
tion, temperature sensing, etc. T1 sound 
generator, software controlled music, Votrax 
voice synthesizer and real time clock calendar add 
to its versatility. 

A standard 60-pin bus with 5 slots, parallel 
ports and 2 serial ports with full handshaking (75 
to 9600 BAUD) allow expansion into floppy disks, 
color, EPROM programmer, printer, modem of your 
choice. Later expansion will add a light pen, a 
universal user programmable music sound board, 
General Purpose Instrument Bus, and a high 
resolution color/grayscale pixel mapped video 
board. 

VENTURE connects directly to a monitor or to 
your TV set through an RF modulator. And now for 
the heart of VENTURE ... its video display. VEN- 
TURE has a high resolution programmable video 
display with up to 4096 user-defined characters, 
alphanumeric symbols, special graphics or ob- 
jects, such as space ships, etc. Each character is 
8 pixels wide by 15 pixels high, with 2 grayscale 



Wenture 



maps; it has 64 levels of 
grayscale plus video in- 
vert/compliment and hidden 
screen update for a "snow" 
free display. The display is 
512 x 512 pixel mapped with 
2 planes of video RAM per 
display. VENTURE video is in 
short . . . astounding! 

VENTURE has complete 
software support with full 
BASIC, 3 ROM monitors, 
disassembler/assembler/editor. It will run real- 
time video games, all RCA chip 8 programs and all 
current Quest 1802 software. VENTURE DOS will 
accommodate up to three 5'/4" double density 
floppies. A complete 1802 programming book is 
available. All versions of VENTURE are shipped 
with a set of manuals written to be understood by 
the inexperienced as well as experienced user. 
On-Board Options 

16 channel A to D; 5 slot 60 pin bus, 2 serial 
ports, parallel ports; 3 video options, 48K RAM, 
Votrax voice synthesizer, sound generator, 
EPROM; full BASIC dissassembler, editor, assem- 
bler; metal cabinet, additional power supply, 
ASCII keyboard real time clock calendar. 
Expansion Options 

Floppy disk, EPROM programmer, light pen, 
universal user programmable music, sound board 
high resolution color/grayscale pixel mapped 
video board, General Purpose Instrument Bus. 
Minimum VENTURE System $195.00 
Kit includes CPU and control with 4K of RAM, 1K 
of scratchpad, 2K monitor, 1861 video graphics, 
cassette interface and separate HEX keyboard 
with LED displays for address and output. Power 
supply is included along with 2 game cassettes. 
The main board is 16" x 20" and includes space for 
all of the previously discussed on-board options. 
Full on-board expansion can be completed for 
under $1000.00. Call for further details, option 
prices, etc. 



RCA Cosmac 1802 Super Elf Computer $106.95 



The Super Elf is a tremendous value as it combines 
video, digital displays, LED displays, and music, 
all on a single board for $106.95. 

The Super Elf expansion capability is virtually un- 
limited and you can do it inexpensively one step at 
a time. Expansion includes casstte interlace, addi- 
tional memory, color video, Basic, ASCII key- 
board, printer, floppy, S-100 bus, RS232, etc. 

The Super Elf comes complete with power supply 
and detailed 127 page instruction manual which 
includes over 40 pages of software, including a 
series of lessons to help get you started and a 
music program and graphics target game. Many 
schools and universities are using the Super Elf as 
a course of study. OEM's use it for training and 



R&D. A monthly newsletter. Questdata is devoted 
exclusively to software for the Super Elf and there 
are many software books available at low cost. 

The Super Elf computer system is now available as 

a series of bare boards as well as full kits and 

assembled. 

Bare Boards: Super Elf $35.00. Super Expansion 

$35.00. Power Supply $10.00. S-100 Color 

$35.00. Dynamic RAM $40.00. Manuals $10.00. 

Super Basic $45.00. 

Free 14 Page Brochure 

Send or call for a free brochure on all 
details and pricing of the Super Elf and its 
expansion. We will get it right out to you! 



Voltage Mate $18.50 

$1.25 shipping. Switching regulator kit with 
adjustable AC DC voltage conversion . 3 modes 
of operation; step up, step down, inversion. 
Jumper selectable modes of operation. Input 
voltage 5-15 VDC, output voltage 24 to + 30 
VDC, current draw 30-250 ma. 



UHF Preamplifier Kit $34.95 

$2.00 shipping. Improves uhf reception dra- 
matically, 25 db gain assem. version $57.50. 
Articles Radio Elect. Mar, May, 1981 . 



Rockwell AIM 65 Computer 

6502 based single board with full ASCII key- 
board and 20 column thermal printer. 20 char, 
alphanumeric display ROM monitor; fully ex- 
pandable $439.00. 4K version $454.00. 4K 
Assembler $35.00, 8K Basic Interpreter $65.00. 

Special small power supply 5V 2A 24V 5A 
assem. in frame $59.00. Molded plastic enclo- 
sure to fit both AIM 65 and power supply 
$52.50. AIM 65 1K in cabinet with power sup- 
ply, switch, fuse, cord assem. $571.00. 4K 
$586.00. A65 40-5000 AIM 65/40 W/16K RAM 
and monitor $1295.00. RAM Board Kit (16K. 
$195) (32K, $215). VD640 Video Interface Kit 
$119.00. A&T $149.00. Complete AIM 65 in 
thin briefcase with power supply $532.00. 
Special Package Price: 4K AIM, 8K Basic, power 
supply, cabinet $615.00. 

AIM 65/KIM/SYM/Super Elf 44 pin expan- 
sion board; board with 3 connectors $22.95. 
'Send for complete list of all AIM products. 



. »_• 



••^..^ 



Elf II Adapter Kit $24.95 

Plugs into Elf II providing Super Elf 44 and 50 pin 
plus S-100 bus expansion. (With Super Ex- 
pansion). High and low address displays, state 
and mode LED's optional $18.00. 



Super Color S-100 Video Kit $99.00 

Expandable to 256 x 192 high resolution color 
graphics. 6847 with all display modes computer 
controlled. Memory mapped. 1K RAM expand- 
able to 6K. S-100 bus 1802, 8080, 8085, Z80, 
etc. Dealers: Send for excellent pricing margin 
program. 



TERMS: $5.00 min. order U.S. Funds. Calif, residents add 6% tax. Prices 

$10.00 min. VISA and MasterCard accepted. $1.00 insurance optional. subject 

Shipping: Add 5%; orders under $25.00—10%. to change 



FREE: Send for your copy of our NEW 1982 
QUEST CATALOG. Include 88c stamp. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 123 



Circle 41 on Reader Service card. 



EW llllttllHl 

a7>"» *rt***m 




JE600 

Hexadecimal 

Encoder Kit 

FULL 8-BIT 
LATCHED OUTPUT 
19-KEY KEYBOARD 



The JE600 Encoder Keyboard Kit provides two separate 
hexadecimal digits produced from sequential key entries 
to allow direct programming for 8-bit microprocessor 
or 8-bit memory circuits. Three additional keys ara pro- 
vided for user operations with one having a bistable 
output available. The outputs are latched and monitored 
with 9 LED readouts. Also included is a key entry strobe. 
Features: Full 8-bit latched output for microprocessor 
use. Three user-define keys with one being bistable 
operation. Oebounce circuit provided for all 19 keys. 
9 LEO readouts to verify entries. Easy interfacing with 
standard 16-pin IC connector. Only +5VDC required 
for operation. Size: 1H"H x 8Vi"W x 8VD 

JE600/D T E 'HK as pictured above) . • • ■ $99.95 

,r Cnn *,•- 19-Key Hexadec. Keyboard. *cq qc 
JbbUU Kit PC Board tCmpnts. (no case) . >>Ol7.»0 

K19 19-Key Keyboard (Keyboard only) .... $14.95 

DTE-HK (case only -3ft"HxSW"Wx8VD) $44.95 



JE610 ASCII Encoded Keyboard Kit 



tftnnnn 




The JE610 ASCII Keyboard Kit can be interfaced into 
most any computer system. The kit comes complete 
with an industrial grade keyboard switch assembly 
(62 keys), IC's, sockets, connector, electronic compo- 
nents and a double-sided printed wiring board. The 
keyboard assembly requires ♦5V @> 150mA and —12V 
<°> 10 nrtA for operation. Features: 60 keys generate the 
126 characters, upper and lower case ASCII set. Fully 
buffered. Two user-define keys provided for custom 
applications. Caps lock for upper-case-only alpha charac- 
ters. Utilizes a 2376 (40-pin) encoder read-only memory 
chip. Outputs directly compatible with TTL/OTL or 
MOS logic arrays. Easy interfacing with a 16-pin dip or 
18-pin edge connector. Size: 3yj"H x 14VVV x 8K"D 

JE610/PTEAK iK&uVXYSti) .. .$124.95 

ICfim Ir*;* 62-Key Keyboard, PC Board. ^ -, n ntz 
JtDlU MI & Components (no case) $ 79.95 

K62 62-Key Keyboard (Keyboard only) . . .$ 34.95 

DTE-AK (case only — 3W"Hxir'Wx8*"D)$ 49.95 



JE212 - Negative 12VDC Adapter Board Kit 

for JE610 ASCII KEYBOARD KIT Kit/ 

T'wwx" 4 Provides -12V DC from incoming 5V DC . $9.95 



jvvVrWi 
4NEW1S 



JE21 5 Adjustable Dual Power Supply 

General Description: The JE215 is a Dual Power 
Supply with independent adjustable positive and nega- 
tive output voltages. A separate adjustment for each 
of the supplies provides the user unlimited applications 
for IC current voltage requirements. The supply can 
also be used as a general all-purpose variable power 
supply. 



> 



FEATURES: 

• Adjustable regulated power supplies, 
pos. and neg. 1.2V DC to 15V DC. 

• Power Output (each supply): 
5VDC &> 500mA. 10VDC@ 750mA, 
12VDC@> 500mA. and 
15VDC® 175mA. 

• Two, 3 terminal adj. IC regulators 
with thermal overload protection. 

• Heat sink regulator cooling 

• LED "on" indicator 

• Printed Board Construction 

• 120VAC input 

• Si/e: 3 1/2"w x 5 1/16"L x 2"H 

JE21 5 Adj. Dual Power Supply Kit (as shown) . . $24.95 

(Picture not shown but similar in construction to above) 
JE200Reg. Power Supply Kit (5VDC. lamp) . . $14.95 
JE205 Adapter Brd. (to JE200) ±5,19 & ±12V. . $12.95 
JE210Var.Pwr.Sply. Kit, 5 15VDC.to1.5amp. . $19.95 




^ 



HP-Display Sale-National 

5082 Series — 0.43 Inch — 7 Segment 



Part 
Number 


Color 


Description 


1-3 
Price 


SALE 
PRICE 


5082-7650 


Hi Eff Red 


CA - LHD 


.99 


4/S2.49 


5082-7651 


Hi Eff Red 


CA - RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7653 


Hi Eff Red 


CC - RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7656 


Hi Eff Red 


Overflow ±1 RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7660 


Yellow 


CA - LHD 


.99 


4/$2.49 


5082-7661 


Yellow 


CA - RHD 


99 


4/$2.49 


5082-7663 


Yellow 


CC - RHD 


.99 


4/$2.49 


5082-7670 


Green 


CA - LHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7671 


Green 


CA - RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7673 


Green 


CC - RHD 


99 


4/$2 49 


5082-7676 


Green 


Overflow ±1 RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7750 


Red 


CA - LHD 


.99 


4/ $2 49 


5082-7751 


Red 


CA - RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7756 


Red 


Overflow ±1 RHD 


.99 


4/ $2.49 


5082-7760 


Red 


CC - RHD 


.99 


4/$2.49 



CA-Comm. Anode CC-Comm. Cathode LHD/RHDLeftVnght hand dec. 



KEYBOARDS — POWER SUPPLIES 




9V."Lx4V4 ,, Wx1"H 




16VLx5'/i"Wx1V'H 




16V4"L x 5Vi"W x 1%"H 



23"Lx5Va"Wx1-3/8"H 




1BV."Lx5V4"Wx 1V'H 



UTIC 





AM/FM J c *-Os* 
Receiver ^%^0(jy-f 



WITH HEADPHONES 

For Joggers, Cyclists, 

Skaters a Sports Events 



FEATURES: Lightweight headphones. Left/right 
balance control. Full fidelity stereo sound. Addi- 
tional black soft carrying case & shoulder strap. Belt 
clip (hands free). Operates on 3 AA cell batteries (not 
incl.). Compact size: 3%" x 4\" x 1". Wt. 6 oz. 

Model 2830 $29.95 






ASM 



ALPS 26-KEY CALCULATOR KEYBOARD 

Features 7 Position, 3 Position and 2 Position Switches (0N/0FF). These sn from Olivetti s Top of 
the Uno. Mechanical SPST Switching: 22-pin Edgo Card Connection 

Part No. KB26 $1.95 each or 2/S3.49 



MICRO SWITCH 69-KEY KEYBOARD 

Data Entry Keyboard Encoded Output: 8-bit Parallel EBC DIC Switching: Hall Effect 24-pin Edgo 
Card Connection. Complete with Pin Connection 

Part No. KB69SD12-2 $19.95 each 



DATANETICS 74-KEY KEYBOARD 

ASCII Encoded Keyboard Output: Even Parity ASCII. Supply voltage +5. -12 voN Switching: 
Mechanical SPST — 50-pin Connection Complete with Pin Connection 

Part No. KB354 $29.95 each 



MICRO SWITCH 85-KEY KEYBOARD 

Word Processing Keyboard, 26 Pin Edgo Card Connection Supply Voltage + 5VDC Main Keyboard 
if QWERTY. Additional Key Pads tor Cursor and word processing functions 

Part No. 85SD18-1 $29.95 each 



MICRO SWITCH 88-KEY KEYBOARD (PARALLEL ASCII) 

Data Entry Keyboard used in a Diablo 1640 Terminal Supply Voltage + 5V -12V. Switching: Hall 

Effect - 10-pin Edgo Card Connection Schematic included Uses 8048 Encoder Chip. 

Part No. 88SD22 $69.95 each 



POWER SUPPLY - 5VDC @ 1 AMP REGULATED Transection Tech 

Output +5V0C @ 1 amp (also + 30VDCI rog. Input 115VAC 60Hz. Two tone (black /beige) sell- 
enclosed cass. 6 It., 3 cond. black power cord. Slzo: 6'/.' W a 7"D x 2VH. Wt. 3 lbs. 

Part No. PS51194 $19.95 each 



POWER SUPPLY - 5VDC @ 1 AMP REGULATED B industries 

Output +5VDC @ 1 amp, + 36-42V0C adj. 400mA or tost, 30VAC (iset.) (ft 1.5 amp Input 115VAC 
60Hz Circ brkr re-set button. Blk. self-end case w/4 rubber feet 6 ft.. 3 cond. blk pow. cord. 
On/oft switch. 6 VW x 7% '0 i 3-7/8 "H - wt. 7 lbs. 

Part No. PS407D $24.95 each 



POWER SUPPLY - 5VDC @ 7.5 AMP, 12VDC @ 1.5 AMP SWITCHING 

Input: 115VAC. 50-60HZ @ 3 amp/230VAC, 50Hz @ 1.6 amp. Fan volt. /power supply select twit- 
ches (115/ 230 VAC). Output: 5V0C & 7.6 amp. 12VDC @ 1.6 amp. Sit. blk. pew. cord. IIVi'Wi 
13V x 3VH. Wt. 6 lbs. 

Part No. PS94V0 $49.95 each 



POWER PAC — Heavy Duty Multi-Voltage Power Supply - 5V0C, 12VDC. 24VDC 
Output: + 5VDC @ 30A. + 12VDC @ 2A, -12VDC @ 4A 6 + 24VDC @ 3A. Input: 115VAC. 7A, 
220VAC. 3.5A. Reg.: ± 15% line & load comb Ripple: 10MV peak to psak (3MV RMS) Overvolt 
protect.: 5V. + 12V, -12V. Overcur protect Incl. 15V»"L x «''H » 11-7/8"D Wt 40 lbs 

Part No. 285-016 $89.95 each 




SOC 2-6 (Pictured) 



Regulated Power Supplies 

Sorensen's open construction (SOC) power supplies are series- 
regulated solid-state systems, designed to provide reg. DC 
voltages at 6 levels (2-28 v/range). These units are open-framed 
on sturdy black anodized aluminum for excellent mounting. 

FEATURES: 115/208/230VAC Input @ 50-63HZ. Low Ripple 1 5mVrms 5mV P-P maximum. Ad- 
justable current limit. Voltage adjustment control. All schematics and specifications supplied with unit 
Series A.B.C.E have throe mounting surfaces (Series F, bottom mounting only) 



Pan Mo. 


** 


Output Votttf. 

Aoiuttinarit H anfa 


Output Currant 

empe i Adci 


Siiallnctiaal 


0*8* 


'" 


mm 


man. 


ewe 


eeo-c 


eeo-c 


SOC 24 





10 


2.1 


60 


49 


3.0 


6.62 x 4.88 x 2.60 


4 3 lb. 


tire* 


soc 2 as 


F 


1.0 


2.1 


25 


21 5 


17.6 


10.00 x 4.88 x 4 JO 


16lt» 


ze.se 


SOC53 


A 


4 75 


5 25 


30 


2 4 


1.0 


4.00x4.88x1.62 


2 lb. 


24.08 


SOC SIS 


E 


425 


5 25 


180 


15 


12.0 


14.00 x 4.88x2.76 


121b. 


se.es 


SOCS-2S 


r 


4 25 


8.2S 


26.0 


21.8 


17.6 


16.00 x 4 08 x 4 88 


16lb». 


48.86 


SOC 12-11 


E 


11.4 


126 


11.0 


92 


CO 


14 00 « 4 88 » 1 62 


12 ib. 


44.88 


SOC 12 IS 


F 


11.4 


126 


15 


12.7B 


0.6 


16 00,488.488 


16 lb. 


40.88 


SOC1S-S 


C 


14 25 


15 75 


SO 


4.2 


3.6 


7.00x4.00x3.37 


6.6 Ib*. 


se.es 


SOC IS 9 5 


E 


14 25 


15 75 


96 


26 


56 


14.00 x 4.88 x 1 62 


12 lb. 


44.88 


SOC IS 13 


f 


14 25 


15 75 


130 


105 


8.0 


1600x488.488 


16 lb. 


4»»5 


SOC 2*4 


A 


20.0 


20.4 


0.0 


64 


4S 


4 00x4.88x162 


2 1b. 


24 K 




220300 (Pictured) 



Powertec Sub-Modular DC Power Supplies 

SM Series power supplies include rectifying, filtering, 
regulating, overload and overvoltage protection functions. You 
need only connect the sub-module to the appropriate secondary 
transformer tap and bolt the unit to a heatsink. 

REGULATION: LINE; 10% tor a change trom -10% to + 10% Input voltage LOAD; 15% lor a 0-100% 
load change (units below 5V output maintain 5V regulation) OUTPUT RIPPLE: 1mV RMS. 3mV P-P 
typical. SmV P-P maximum INPUT CHARACTERISTICS: Requires low-level AC Input. Derate output 
current 15% tor operations at 50Hz. 



Part 


-100 

•4 76V to 

7.0V 


-200 

•7 0V to 
10.6V 


-300 

M0 5V to 
1S.75V 


-600 

•22.0V to 
30.0V 


Powar Trancfo 
(Transform. 


rmar Raqutramarm 
r. Not Initudadl 


■ea 

llnchaal 


Wt. 


Prtea 


Primary 


Sacondary 


22AA-3O0 






23A 




11 5- 120V AC 


1 7VAC 5A no CT 


2.50 x 3.00 x .98 


2o; 


S1495 


22B2O0 




2 2A 






11S-120VAC 


22VAC 3A w/CT 


3 00 x 5 75 x 1 18 


8o; 


14 95 


22B300 






1.7A 




11 5-1 20V AC 


28VAC 2 5A w/CT 


2 75x5.75x1.18 


8 OJ 


1995 


22C 100 


6 0A 








115 120V AC 


16VAC8Aw/CT 


2 80x 7 50x 1 18 


8oj 


2495 


22C5O0 








25A 


11 5- 120V AC 


48V AC 3A w/CT 


280x 750x 1.18 


8 ot 


24 95 


220 300 




68A 




11 5- 120V AC 


28V AC lOAw/CT 


3 00x 7 00x 3 30 


2ltK 


24 95 


22E 100 18 00A 








116 120V AC 


16V AC 24A w/CT 


2 90x 7.00x3 30 


2 lbs 


29 96 



'Voltage Adjustment Range — Current ratings apply over entire voltage range. 



• SHIPMENT IN 24 HOURS • 
^ 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM (PST) ag 
$# Call: (415) 592-8097 ^> 



JUMPER AND CABLE ASSEMBLIES 



Sai us ' 

QuJ?:**'**! 



Custom 
Jumpara! 

STANDARD DIP JUMPERS 

All jumpers use low profile dip plugs with heavy 
pins for repeated disconnect applications. 



Custom 
Cables! 



duty 



JAMtCO 
r>«. No 


m 

Craia Platar srtca 


No 


OaacraMran 


W... 
Laaatk 


Prrea 


OJ141 


924102 12 


14 


singla and 


12" 


SI 78 


OJ142 


924102 24 


14 


{•note end 


24" 


2.05 


OJ143 


924102 36 


14 


single end 


Se- 


236 


0J141 14 


924106 12 


14 


double end 


ll" 


3.20 


DJ142 14 


924106 24 


14 


double end 


24" 


349 


OJ14 3 14 


924106 36 


14 


double end 


36" 


379 


OJ1S1 
0.116 2 
OJ163 


924112 12 
924 1 1 2 24 
924112 36 


16 
16 
16 


ungle end 
singla and 
smqle end 


12" 

24 

36" 


1.86 
2.19 
2.58 


DJ1S1 16 


924116 12 


16 


double end 


12" 


336 


DJ1S-2 16 


924116 24 


16 


double end 


24" 


360 


OJ16 3 16 


924116 36 


16 


double end 


36" 


4.06 


OJ24 1 
DJ24 2 
DJ24 3 
DJ24 1 24 


924122 12 
924122 24 
924122 36 
924126 12 


24 
24 
24 
24 


single end 

*inijir. ajaj 
single end 
double end 


12" 
24" 
36" 

12" 


2.00 
339 
396 

478 


OJ24 2 24 


924126 24 


24 


iloublr- r*ncl 


24" 


5 29 


DJ24 3 24 


924126 36 


24 


(Joutrlr- *n(l 


36" 


680 



JAMECO 
Pari No 


m 

Croea-ltelaranca 


Nn 
P« 


Oeeerxairan 


■u 


Priaa 


OJ40 1 


924132 12 


40 


single end 


12" 


see 


OJ402 


924132 24 


40 


single end 


24" 


6.79 


OJ403 


924132 36 


40 


S.ni^r »n<) 


36" 


7 69 


OJ40 1 40 


924136 12 


40 


double end 


12" 


10 96 


DJ40240 


924136 24 


40 


double end 


24" 


1189 


OJ40340 


924136 36 


40 


double end 


36" 


12 79 



STANDARD DB25 SERIES CABLES 

Now you can order DB25 P or S connectors with the 

cable necessary to fit your application Choose from 

our standard flat cable in 4 foot lengths Cell today. 

STANDARD CABLES 



Part No. 



Cable Length 



Connectors 



Price 



DB25P4 

DB25S4 

DB25P4P 

DB25P4S 

DB25S4S 



4 feet 
4 feet 
4 feet 



1 DB25P 
1 DB25S 
2DB25P 



4 feet 1 DB26P/1 DB26S 
4 feet 2 DB25S 



$ 9.95 ea 

10.96 ea 
16 95 ea 
17.95 ea. 
18 95 ea. 



S10.00 Minimum Order — U.S. Funds Only 
California Residents Add 6</>% Sales Tax 
Postage — Add 5% plus $1.50 Insurance 
Send S.A.S.E. for Monthly Sale Flyer! 



Spec Sheets — 25e each 
Send 88c Postage for your 
FREE 1982 JAMECO CATALOG 
Prices Subject to Change 




9/82 



Mail Order Electronics • Worldwide 



ameco 



ELECTRONICS 



1355 SHOREWAY ROAD, BELMONT, CA 94002 
PHONE ORDERS WELCOME — (415) 592-8097 




5 1 /." Mini-Floppy Disc Drive 

FOR TRS 80 MODEL I, III (Industry Standard) 
Features single or double density. Recording 
mode: FM single, MFM double density. 
Power: + 12VDC (±0.6V) 1.6 amps max., 
♦ 5VDC (±0.25V) 0.8 amps max. Unit as pic- 
tured at left (does not incl. case, power supply 
or cables). 30-page data book included 
Weighs 3'/i pounds Size: 5V«"W x 8"D x 

Rett No. Limits Quantity! Pf(e- 

FD200 $179.95 

Single-sided, 40 tracks, 250K bytes capacity 

FD250 $199.95 

Double-sided. 35 tracks. 438K bytes capacity 




EXPAND YOUR TRS-80 to 16K, 32K or 48K 

"Model 1 = From 4K to 16K Requires (1) One Kit 
Model 3 ■ From 4K to 48K Requires (3) Three Kits 
Color ■ From 4K to 16K Requires (1) One Kit 

"Model 1 equipped w/ Expansion Board up to 48K (2) Two Kits Req'd. 

- One Kit Required tor each 16K ot Expansion — 

TRS-80 16K Conversion Kit — KH cemes csmelets with • sack 

MM5290 (UP0416/4116) 16K Dynamic RAM (*nt) ft documentation for conversion 

TRS 16K2 * 150ns $16.95 

TRS 16K3 '200ns $14.95 

TRS-16K4 -250ns $10.95 




Pee Wee Boxer Fan 

• 36cfm free air delivery 

• 3.125" sq. x 1.665" depth 

• 10 yrs. cont. duty at 20 °C 

• 115V 50/60HZ 

• For Apple users 

PWS2107USJT^ U JU $ 7.95 ea. 
PWS2107F New $12.95 ea. 




Muffin- Fan 

• 105cfm free air delivery 

• 4.68" sq. x 1.50" depth. 

• 10 yrs. cont. duty at 20°C 

• Impedance protected, 
ambients to 70 °C 

• 115V 50/60HZ 14W Wt. 17 oz. 
MU2A1-U SSSf-JU $ 7.95 ea. 
MU2A1-N New $12.95 ea. 



v, Price Sale! - COMPUTER GRADE CAPACITORS — v. Price Sale* 



mid arvdc 


pries 


mid arvdc price 


mid arvdc pries 


mid arvdc price 


250 150 


1 95 


4.500 


50 3.95 


20.000 20 2 95 


43,000 10 595 


500 200 


2.49 


5.500 


25 4.49 


21.000 15 3.95 


45.000 5 5 95 


1.250 3 


99 


6.100 


40 2.49 


22.000 15 4.95 


52,000 20 5.95 


1.500 25 


1 95 


7.000 


60 4.95 


23.000 7 1.95 


55,000 15 5 95 


1500 50 


295 


10.000 


15 2.95 


23.000 10 2 95 


58.000 20 5.95 


2000 10 


295 


10.000 


16 3.95 


23.000 20 3 95 


65 000 10 7.95 


2.100 200 


2.95 


11.000 


19 4.95 


24.000 20 2 95 


73 800 5 7 95 


2.250 100 


3 95 


13000 


16 2.95 


27.000 10 2 95 


80.000 15 995 


2.300 33 


295 


14.000 


13 2.95 


32.500 25 4.95 


90.000 10 8 95 


2,500 15 


295 


15.500 


10 4 95 


40.000 25 595 


120000 151095 


3.000 25 


1 95 


18.000 


10 3.95 


42.000 10 4.95 


160.000 10 8 95 


3.600 40 


395 




OVER 200 OTHER VALUES AVAILABLE 



SALE! Just deduct 50% of price listed above! 




JS-5K (Pictured) 



JOYSTICKS 

5K Linear 

TiperPots S5.25 

K inner 100K Linear 

JS100K Taper Pot$ $4.95 

150K Linear 

Taper Pots $4.75 

ivr in 40K (2) Video Con- 
JVI, "* U troller inCase $4 95 



JS-5K 



JS-150K 



UV-EPROM Eraser 



8 Chips — 51 Minutes~| •< 




1 Chip — 37 Minutes 




Ereses 2706, 2716. 2732, 2764, 2516, 2532, 2564. Erases up to 8 chips 
within 51 minutes (1 chip in 37 minutes). Meintalns constant exposure 
distance ol one inch. Special conductive foam liner eliminates static 
build-up. Built-in safety lock to prevent UV exposure Compact — only 
9.00" x 3.70" x 2.60". Complete with holding tray for 8 chips. 

UVS-11EL Replacement Bulb '16.95 

DE-4 UV-EPROM Eraser $ 79.95 
Mostek DC/ DC Converter 

+ 5 VOLTS TO -9 VOLTS 

Input: + 5V. Output:-9V (regulated) @ 30mA. 
Printed circuit mounting. 

DC10 $2.95 ea. or 2/$4.95 



Wall Transformers 
AC and DC Types 

AC250 (Pictured) 

Part No. Input Output 

AC 250 (above) 1 1 7V/60Hz 12VAC 250mA $3.95 

AC 500 117V/60HZ 12VAC 500mA $495 

AC1000 117V/60Hz 12VAC 1 amp $5.95 

AC1700 117V/60HZ 9VAC 1 7 amp $3.95 

AC9004 117V/60HZ 9.2VAC 2.5 amp $2 95 or 2/$4 95 

DC 800 120V/60HZ 8V DC 400mA $1.95 or 2/$2.95 

DC6912 120V760HZ 6.9.12VDC 300mA $9.95 

DV5490 117V/60HZ 9.5VDC 275mA $2.49 or 2/S3.95 

DC900 120V/60HZ 9VDC 500mA $3.95 

DC12Q0 1 20V/60HZ 1 2VDC 300mA $2.95 or 2/$4.95 

fij\M<>T€>r*€>LJk AM/FM Stereo 
KZy Push Button Car Radio 





FOR VOLKSWAGEN SCIROCCO, RABBIT. AUDI 5000 AND FOX 

(with minor adjustments, can be used in any automobile) 

Includes bezel trim A everything pictured. Two ea. 4x6 speakers A grille 

(1 Vi ' deep). All cables & leads for hook-up. Incl. all Instruction Manuals 

for easy installation. Cut-out dim.: 7 "W x 1 > « "H x 6 v, "L 

Model 5VW3901 $49.95 



124 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 41 on Reader Service card. 



f% 


mm 


ftl 


740n 




••Number of Pins of oocii I.C.I 


I 


••Plm Prlco 








lor oosy Socket purchase 


Part No. 


PirtNo. 

SN7472N 


"Pint 
14 


Prlci 
29 


Port No. "Pins Price 


SN7400N 


14 


19 


SN74156N 14 59 


SN7401N 


14 


19 


SN7473N 


14 


3J 


SN74157N 16 59 


SN7402N 


14 


25 


SN7474N 


14 


3 J 


SN74160N 16 69 


SN7403N 


14 


25 


SN7475N 


16 


4 J 


SN74161N 16 69 


SN7404N 


14 


25 


SN4576N 


16 


35 


SN74162N 16 69 


SN7405N 


14 


25 


SN7479N 


14 


495 


SN74163N 16 69 


SN7406N 


14 


29 


SN7480N 


14 


69 


SN74164N 14 69 


SN7407N 


14 


29 


SN7482N 


14 


1.19 


SN74165N 16 69 


SN7408N 


14 


.25 


SN7483N 


16 


59 


SN74166N 16 89 


SN7409N 


14 


25 


SN7485N 


16 


59 


SN74167N 16 2 79 


SN7410N 


14 


25 


SN7486N 


14 


35 


SN74170N 16 129 


SN7411N 


14 


25 


SN7489N 


16 


225 


SN74172N 24 4.95 


SN7412N 


14 


35 


SN7490N 


14 


39 


SN74173N 16 69 


SN7413N 


14 


35 


SN7491N 


14 


59 


SN74174N 16 69 


SN7414N 


14 


49 


SN7492N 


14 


39 


SN74175N 16 69 


SN7416N 


14 


25 


SN7493N 


14 


39 


SN74176N 14 69 


SN7417N 


14 


25 


SN7494N 


14 


69 


SN75177N 14 69 


SN7420N 


14 


19 


SN7495N 


14 


49 


SN74179N 16 149 


SN7421N 


14 


35 


SN7496N 


16 


49 


SN74180N 14 .69 


SN7422N 


14 


45 


SN7497N 


16 


2.75 


SN74181N 24 195 


SN7423N 


16 


59 


SN74100N 


24 


1 49 


SN74182N 16 89 


SN7425N 


14 


29 


SN74104N 


14 


89 


SN74184N 16 195 


SN7426N 


14 


29 


SN74105N 


14 


89 


SN74185N 16 195 


SN7427N 


14 


25 


SN74107N 


14 


29 


SN74190N 16 69 


SN7428N 


14 


49 


SN74109N 


16 


39 


SN74191N 16 69 


SN7430N 


14 


25 


SN74116N 


24 


1 49 


SN74192N 16 69 


SN7432N 


14 


29 


SN74121N 


14 


39 


SN74193N 16 69 


SN7437N 


14 


25 


SN74122N 


14 


55 


SN74194N 16 69 


SN7438N 


14 


29 


SN74123N 


16 


.49 


SN74195N 16 69 


SN7439N 


14 


59 


SN74125N 


14 


45 


SN74196N 14 89 


SN7440N 


14 


19 


SN74126N 


14 


45 


SN74197N 14 89 


SN7441N 


1* 


89 


SN74132N 


14 


49 


SN74198N 24 1 19 


SN7442N 


« 


45 


SN74136N 


14 


69 


SN74199N 24 1 19 


SN7443N 


IS 


99 


SN74141N 


16 


69 


SN74221N 16 1.19 


SN7444N 


IB 


99 


SN74142N 


16 


2 95 


SN 74251 N 16 79 


SN7445N 


16 


69 


SN74143N 


24 


295 


SN74276N 20 1.95 


SN7446N 


16 


69 


SN74144N 


24 


295 


SN74279N 16 79 


SN7447N 


16 


69 


SN74145N 


16 


59 


SN74283N 16 149 


SN7448N 


16 


69 


SN74147N 


16 


1 49 


SN74284N 16 2 95 


SN7450N 


14 


.19 


SN74148N 


16 


1.19 


SN74285N 16 2 95 


SN7451N 


14 


19 


SN74150N 


24 


1 19 


SN74365N 16 55 


SN7453N 


14 


19 


SN74151N 


16 


59 


SN74366N 16 55 


SN7454N 


14 


19 


SN74152N 


14 


59 


SN74367N 16 55 


SN7459A 


14 


25 


SN74153N 


16 


59 


SN74368N 16 55 


SN7460N 


14 


19 


SN74154N 


24 


1 25 


SN74390N 16 1.49 


SN7470N 


14 


29 


SN74155N 


16 


59 


SN74393N 14 1 49 


74LS00 


14 


25 


741 ^ 




1 74LS192 16 79 


74LS01 
74LS02 


14 
14 


25 

25 








74LS193 16 


79 


74LS92 


14 


.55 


74LS194 16 


69 


74LS03 


14 


25 


74LS93 


14 


55 


74LS195 16 


69 


74LS04 


14 


29 


74LS95 


14 


.79 


74LS197 14 


79 


74LS05 


14 


29 


74LS96 


16 


89 


74LS221 16 


89 


74LS08 


14 


29 


74LS107 


14 


39 


74LS240 20 1 


09 


74LS09 


14 


29 


74LS109 


16 


39 


74LS241 20 1 


09 


74LS10 


14 


29 


74LS112 


16 


39 


74LS242 14 1 


09 


74LS11 


14 


35 


74LS113 


14 


39 


74LS243 14 1 


09 


74LS12 


14 


35 


74LS114 


14 


39 


74LS244 20 1 


09 


74LS13 


14 


39 


74LS122 


14 


49 


74LS245 20 1 


49 


74LS14 


14 


59 


74LS123 


16 


79 


74LS247 16 1 


09 


74LS15 


14 


35 


74LS125 


14 


49 


74LS248 16 1 


09 


74LS20 


14 


29 


74LS126 


14 


49 


74LS249 16 1 


09 


74LS21 


14 


29 


74LS132 


14 


59 


74LS251 16 


59 


74LS22 


14 


29 


74LS133 


16 


59 


74LS253 16 


59 


74LS26 


14 


29 


74LS136 


14 


39 


74LS257 16 


59 


74LS27 


14 


29 


74LS138 


16 


59 


74LS258 16 


59 


74LS28 


14 


35 


74LS139 


14 


59 


74LS260 14 


59 


74LS30 


14 


29 


74LS151 


16 


59 


74LS266 14 


69 


74LS32 


14 


35 


74LS153 


16 


59 


74LS273 20 1 


49 


74LS33 


14 


55 


74LS154 


24 


99 


74LS279 16 49 


74LS37 


14 


35 


74LS155 


16 


69 


74LS283 16 69 


74LS38 


14 


35 


74LS156 


16 


69 


74LS290 14 89 


74LS40 


14 


29 


74LS157 


16 


69 


74LS293 14 79 


74LS42 


16 


55 


74LS158 


16 


59 


74LS298 16 89 


74LS47 


16 


75 


74LS160 


16 


69 


74LS352 16 129 


74LS48 


16 


75 


74LS161 


16 


69 


74LS353 16 129 


74LS49 


14 


75 


74LS162 


16 


69 


74LS365 16 49 


74LS51 


14 


25 


74LS163 


16 


69 


74LS366 16 49 


74LS54 


14 


25 


74LS164 


14 


69 


74LS367 16 49 


74LS55 


14 


29 


74LS165 


16 


1 19 


74LS368 16 49 


74LS73 


14 


39 


74LS168 


16 


1.19 


74LS373 20 129 


74LS74 


14 


39 


74LS169 


16 


1.19 


74LS374 20 129 


74LS75 


16 


39 


74LS170 


16 


1 49 


74LS375 16 69 


74LS76 


16 


39 


74LS173 


16 


69 


74LS386 14 45 


74LS78 


14 


39 


74LS174 


16 


59 


74LS393 14 1 19 


74LS83 


16 


65 


74LS175 


16 


59 


74LS399 16 149 


74LS85 


16 


69 


74LS181 


24 


249 


74LS670 16 1.49 


74LS86 


14 


39 


74LS190 


16 


89 


81LS95 20 149 


74LS90 


14 


55 


74LS191 


16 


89 


81LS97 20 149 


74S00 
74S02 
74S03 


14 
14 
14 


35 
35 
35 


74S/PR0MS* 


74S243 14 249 


■ 74S244 20 2 


3 


74S124 


16 


2 95 


74S251 16 1 


19 


74S04 


14 


45 


74S133 


16 


45 


74S253 16 1.19 ] 


74S05 


14 


45 


74S134 


16 


50 


74S257 16 1.19 


74S08 


14 


39 


74S135 


16 


69 


74S258 16 1 19 


74S09 


14 


39 


74S136 


14 


1 39 


74S260 14 79 


74S10 


14 


35 


74S138 


16 


89 


74S280 14 195 


74S11 


14 


35 


74S139 


14 


89 


74S287* 16 1 95 


74S15 


14 


35 


74S140 


14 


55 


74S288* 16 195 


74S20 


14 


35 


74S151 


16 


99 


74S373 20 2 49 


74S22 


14 


35 


74S153 


16 


99 


74S374 20 2 49 


74S30 


14 


35 


74S157 


16 


99 


74S387' 16 195 


74S32 


14 


45 


74S158 


16 


99 


74S471* 20 595 


74S38 


14 


89 


74S160 


16 


249 


74S472* 20 4 95 


74S40 


14 


39 


74S174 


16 


99 


74S473* 20 495 


74S51 


14 


35 


74S175 


16 


99 


74S474* 24 4 95 


74S64 


14 


39 


74S188* 


16 


1 49 


74S475* 24 4 95 


74S65 


14 


39 


74S194 


16 


1 49 


74S570* 16 295 


74S74 


14 


55 


74S195 


16 


1 49 


74S571* 16 2 95 


74S86 


14 


55 


74S196 


14 


1 49 


74S572* 18 495 


74S112 


16 


55 


74S240 


20 


225 


74S573* IS 4 95 


74S113 


14 


55 


74S241 


20 


2 25 


74S940 20 2 49 


74S114 


14 


55 


74S242 


14 


249 


74S941 20 2 49 


CA3010H 
CA3013H 


2 


99 
15 


CA-LINEAR 


CA3089N 16 1 


69 


CA3060N 


16 


3 25 


CA3096N 16 1 


19 


CA3023H 

CA3035H 

1 CA3039H 


3 
5 


25 
95 


CA3080H 
CA3081N 


16 


1 25 
1 49 


CA3130H 195 
CA3140H 1.49 


1 


35 


CA3082N 


16 


1 49 


CA3160H 1 95 


CA3046N 


14 


89 


CA3083N 


16 


1 49 


CA3401N 14 59 


CA3059N 


14 3 


25 


CA3086N 


14 


69 


CA3600N 14 395 


CD4000 
CD4001 


14 
14 


29 
29 


CD-CMOS 


CD4098 16 1 
■4 CD4506 16 1 


95 
19 


CD4040 


16 


79 


CD4507 14 


39 


CD4002 


14 


29 


C04041 


14 


79 


CD4508 24 3 95 


CD4006 


14 


89 


CD4042 


16 


69 


C04510 16 89 


CD4007 


14 


29 


CD4043 


16 


79 


C04511 16 89 


C 04009 


16 


39 


CD4044 


16 


79 


CD4512 16 89 


CD4010 


16 


39 


CD4046 


16 


89 


C04514 24 179 


CD4011 


14 


29 


C04047 


14 


89 


CD4515 24 1.79 


CD4012 


14 


.15 


CD4048 


16 


39 


CD4516 16 99 


CD4013 


14 


39 


C04049 


16 


39 


C04518 16 99 


CD4014 


16 


79 


CD4050 


16 


39 


C04519 16 39 


CD4015 


16 


39 


C04051 


16 


79 


CD4520 16 79 


CD4016 


14 


39 


C04052 


16 


79 


CD4526 16 1 19 


CD4017 


16 


75 


C04053 


16 


79 


C04528 16 1 19 


C04018 


16 


79 


C04056 


16 


2 95 


C04529 16 1 19 


CD4019 


16 


39 


C04059 


24 


795 


C04543 16 1 19 


CD4020 
1 C04021 


16 


75 


CD4060 


16 


89 


CD4562 14 6 95 


16 


79 


CD4066 


14 


39 


C04566 16 139 


CD4022 


16 


79 


CD4068 


14 


39 


CD4S83 16 2 49 


CD4023 


14 


29 


CD4069 


14 


29 


CD4584 14 75 


CD4024 


14 


69 


CD4070 


14 


39 


CD4723 16 1 19 


CD4025 


14 


23 


CD4071 


14 


29 


C04724 16 1 19 


CD4026 


16 2 


49 


C04072 


14 


29 


MC14409 16 1395 


CD4027 


16 


45 


C04073 


14 


29 


MC14410 16 13.95 


C04028 


16 


by 


CD4075 


14 


29 


MC14411 24 1195 


CO4029 


16 


79 I 


CD4076 


16 


79 


MC14412 16 13 95 


CD4030 


14 


39 


C04078 


14 


49 


MC14419 16 795 


1 C04034 


24 1 


95 


CD4081 


14 


29 


MC14433 24 13 95 


YcD4035 


16 


89 I 


CD4082 


14 


29 


MC14538 16 1 19 








CD4093 


14 


49 


MC14541 14 1 


19 



MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS 



Port No. "Pins STATIC RAMS Prlco 

1101 IS 256x1 (650ns) 1 49 

2101 22 256x4 (450ns) 8101 2 49 

2102 16 1024x1 (350ns) 89 

21L02 16 1024x1 (450ns) LP 149 

2111 16 256x4 (450ns)8111 2 95 

2112 16 256x4 (450ns) MOS 2.95 

2114 16 1024x4 (450ns) 2.25-8/14.95 

2114L 16 1024x4 (450ns) LP 2.49 - 8/16.95 

2114-2 16 1024x4 (200ns) 2 49-8/16 95 

2114L-2 16 1024x4 (200ns) LP 2.95-8/19 95 

2141-3 16 4096x1 (150ns) 3 95 

2147 18 4096x1 (70ns) 4 95 

2148 18 1024x4 (70ns) 8 95 

TMS4044 18 4096x1 (450ns) 3 95 

TMS4045 18 1024x4 (450ns) 3 95 

5101 22 256x4 (450ns) CMOS 4.95 

MM5257 16 4096x1 (450ns)4044 4.95 

HM6116-4 24 2048x8 (200ns) CMOS 7 95 

HM6116LP-4 24 2048x8 (200ns) LP CMOS 8 95 

7489 18 16x4 (50ns) 3101 2 25 

74C920 22 256x4 (250ns) CMOS (6551) 3 95 

74C921 18 256x4 (250ns) CMOS 3 95 

74C929 16 1024x1 (250ns) CMOS (6501) 3.95 

74C930 IB 1024x1 (250ns) CMOS (6518) 3 95 

74S189 16 16x4 (35ns)93405 195 

74S200 16 256x1 (80ns) 93410 3 95 

74S206 16 256x1 (60ns)93411 3 95 

74S289 16 16x4 (35ns)3101 2 25 

82S10 16 1024x1 (50ns) OC (93415) 3 95 

82S25 16 16x4 (50ns) C (74S289) 2 25 

EPROMS 

1702A 24 256x8 (1us) 4.95 

2708 24 1024x8 (450ns) 3 95 

2708-5 24 1024x8 (550ns) SM00246 2.95 

TMS2516 24 2048x8 (450ns) 2716 6 95 

TMS2532 24 4096x8 (450ns) NMC2532 9.95 

TMS2564 28 8192x8 (450ns) 29.95 

TMS2716 24 2048x8 (450ns) 3 voltage 7.95 

2716 24 2048x8 (450ns) 5.95 

2732 24 4096x8 (450ns) 9 95 

27580 24 1024x8 (450ns) single + 5V 2 95 

MM2764 28 8192x8 (450ns) 29.95 

MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS 

Z80 (780C) 40 CPU(MK3880N)(2MH;) 5.95 

Z80A (780-1) 40 CPU (MK3880N-4) (4MHz) 6 95 

CDP1802 40 CPU 9 95 

2650 40 MPU 14 95 

I0M2901A0C 40 CPU-4-bit slice (Com. Temp. Gr ) 19.95 

MCS6502 40 MPU w/Clock (65K bytes mem ) 9 95 

INS8035N-6 40 MPU-8-bit (6MHz) 5.95 

INS8039N-6 40 CPU-Sgl Chip8blt(128bts Ram) 6 95 

INS8040N -6 40 CPU (256 bytes RAM) 14.95 

INS8070N 40 CPU (64 bytes RAM) 19 95 

INS8073N 40 CPU w/ Basic Micro Interpreter 24.95 

P8085 40 CPU 5.95 

TMS9900JL 64 MPU - 16-bit 39.95 

MICROPROCESSOR MANUALS 

M-Z80 User Manual 7 50 

M-CDP1802 User Manual 7.50 

M-2650 User Manual 5 00 

6800/6800 SUPPORT DEVICES 

MC6800 40 MPU 4.95 

MC6802CP 40 MPU with clock and RAM 7 95 

MC6810API 24 128x8 Static RAM 3 95 

MC6821 40 Peripheral Inter. Adapt (MC6820) 4 95 

MC6828 24 Priority Interrupt Controller 15.95 

MC6830L8 24 1024x8 -bit ROM (MC68A30-8) 10.95 

MC6850 24 Asynchronous Comm Adapter 4 95 

MC6852 24 Synchronous Serial Data Adapter 5 75 

MC6860 24 0-600bps Digital MODEM 9 95 

MC6862 24 2400bps Modulator 12 95 

MC6880A IS Quad 3-slate bus trans (MC8T26) 2.25 

8080/8080A SUPPORT DEVICES 

INS8080A 40 CPU 3 95 

0P8212 24 8-bit Input/Output 2.25 

DP8214 24 Priority Interrupt Control 3.95 

0P8216 16 Bi-Directional Bus Driver 2 25 

DP8224 16 Clock Generator/Driver 2 25 

DP8226 16 Bus Driver 2 25 

DP8228 28 System Controller/Bus Driver 3.49 

DP8238 28 System Controller 4.49 

INS8243 24 I/O Expander tor 48 Series 5 95 

INS8250 40 Asynchronous Comm Element 10 95 

0P8251 28 Prog Comm I/O (USART) 4.49 

DP8253 24 Prog Interval Timer 6 95 

DP8255 40 Prog Peripheral I/O (PPI) 4.49 

DP8257 40 Prog DMA Control 7.95 

DP8259 28 Prog Interrupt Control 6 95 

DP8275 40 Prog CRT Controller 29 95 

DP8279 40 Prog Keyboard/ Display Interface .8.95 

DP8303 20 System Timing Element 3.95 

DP8304 20 8-bit Bi- Directional Receiver 2.49 

DP8307 20 8-bit Bi Directional Receiver 2.49 

DP8308 20 8-bit Bi- Directional Receiver 2.49 

DP8310 20 Octal Latched Peripheral Driver 4.95 

DP831 1 20 Octal Latched Peripheral Driver 4.95 



p^ "P*. DYNAMIC RAMS 

1 103 18 1024x1 (300ns) 99 

4027 16 4096x1 (250ns) 2 49 

4116N-2 16 16.384x1 (150ns) 2 25-8/16.95 

4116N-3 16 16.384x1 (200ns) 195-8/14 95 

4116N-4 16 16.384x1 (250ns) 1.49-8/10.95 

4164N-2 16 65,536x1 (200ns) 9 95 

MM5261 18 1024x1 (300ns) 49-8/1.95 

MM5262 22 2048x1 (365ns) 49-8/195 

MM5270 IS 4096x1 (250ns) MK4096 2.95 

MM5280 22 4096x1 (200ns) 2107 3 95 

MM5290-2 16 16.384x1 (150ns) 2 25-8/16 95 

MM5290-3 16 16.384x1 (200ns) 1.95-8/14.95 

MM5290-4 16 16.384x1 (250ns) 149-8/10.95 

MM5298-3 16 8192x1 (200ns) 1.89 

PROMS 

74S188 16 32x8 PROM OC (6330-1) 1.49 

745287 16 256x4 PROM T.S. (6301-1) 195 

745288 16 32x8 PROM T.S (6331-1) 1.95 

74S387 16 256x4 PROM C (6300-1) 1.95 

745471 20 256x8 PROM T.S (6309-1) 5.95 

745472 20 512x8 PROM TS (6349-1) 4 95 

745473 20 512x8 PROM OC (6348) 4 95 

745474 24 512x8 PROM T S (DM87S296N) 4 95 

745475 24 512x8 PROM OC (6340) 4 95 
74S478 24 1024x8 PROM T S (TBP28S86) 8 95 

745570 16 512x4 PROM OC (6305) 2 95 

745571 16 512x4 PROM TS (6306) 2 95 

745572 16 1024x4 PROM OC (6352) 4 95 

745573 18 1024x4 PROM T S (82S137) 4.95 
82S23 16 32x8 PROM C (27S18) 2 95 
82S115 24 512x8 PROM T S (27S15) 9 95 
82S123 16 32x8 PROM T S (27S19) 2 95 
82S126 16 256x4 PROM C (27S20) 3 95 

825129 16 256x4 PROM T S (27S21) 3 95 

825130 16 512x4 PROM C (27S12) 5 95 
82S185 18 2048x4 PROM T S (TBP24S81 ) 9 95 
DM87S180N 24 1024x8 PROM C (82S 180) 9 95 
DM87S181N 24 1024x8 PROMTS (82S181) 9 95 
DM87S184N 18 2048x4 PROM C (82S 184) 9 95 
DM87S185N 18 2048x4 PROM T S (82S185) 9.95 
DM87S190N 24 2048x4 PROM C (82S190) 19 95 
DM87S191N 24 2048x8 PROM T S (82S191) 19 95 

ROM'S 

2513(2140) 24 Character Generator (Upper Case) 9 95 

2513(3021) 24 Character Generator (Lower Case) 9 95 

NMOS READ ONLY MEMORIES 

MCM66710P 24 128x9x7 ASCII Shitted w/Greek 13.50 

MCM66740P 24 128x9x7 Math Symbol & Pictures 13.50 
MCM66750P 24 128x9x7 Alpha Control Char. Gen 13.50 

DATA ACQUISITION 

DC10 Mostek DC/DC Convert + 5V to -9V 2 95 

MC3470P IS Floppy Disk Read AMP System 4 95 

MC1408L7 16 7-bit D/A Converter (DAC0807LCN) 2.49 

MC1408L8 16 8-bit D/A Converter (DAC0808LCN) 2 95 

AF10O-1CN 16 Universal Active Filter 2 5% 5 95 

AF121-1CJ 24 Touch Tone Low Band Filter 19.95 

AF122-1CJ 24 Touch Tone High Band Filter ... 19 95 

LM308CH Super Gain Op Amp 1.15 

LM334Z Constant Current Source 1 30 

LM335Z Temperature Transducer . ... 1.40 

LF356N 8 JFET Input Op Amp 110 

LF398N 8 Sample 8, Hold Amplifiers 3 95 

LM399H Temp Comp Prec Ret ( 5ppm/C) . 5.00 

ADC0804 20 8-bit A/D converter (1 LSB) 3 49 

DAC0806 16 8-bit D/A Converter (0 78% Lin ) 195 

ADC0809 28 8-bit A/D Converter (8-Ch Multi ) 4 49 

ADC0817 40 8 bit A/D Converter (16-Ch Multi ) 9 95 

DAC1O00 24 10-bit D/AConv Micro Comp (0 05%) 13 95 

DAC1008 20 10-bltD/AConv Micro Comp JO 20%) 7 95 

DAC1020 16 l0-brtD/AConverter(0 05%Lin.) 8 49 

DAC1022 16 10-bit D/A Converter (0 20% Lin ) 5 95 

DAC1222 18 12-bit D/A Converter (0.20% Lin ) 6 95 

CD4051N 16 8-Channel Multiplexer 79 

AY-5-1013 40 30KBAUDUART 3.95 

SPECIAL FUNCTION 

DS0025CN 8 Dual MOS Clock Driver (5MZ) 2 49 

DS0026CN 8 Dual MOS Clock Driver (5MZ) 195 

INS1771N-1 40 Floppy Disk Controller 16 95 

INS2651N 28 Communication Chip 8 95 

MM58167N 24 Microprocessor Real Time Clock 8 95 

MM58174N 16 Micro Compatible Time Clock 7 95 

COP402N 40 Microcontroller w/64 digit RAM 5 95 

and Direct LED Drive 

COP402MN 40 Microprocessor w/64 digit RAM 5 95 

& Direct LED Drive w/N Buss Int 

C0P470N 20 32-seg VAC Fluor Drvr (20-ptnpkg ) 3 25 

TELEPHONE/KEYBOARD CHIPS 

AY-5-9100 18 Push Button Telephone Dialer 14.95 

AY-5-9200 16 Repertory Dialer 14 95 

AY-5-9500 14 CMOS Clock Generator 4 95 

AY-5-2376 40 Keyboard Encoder (88 keys) 9.95 

HD0165-5 24 Keyboard Encoder (16 keys) 9 95 

74C922 18 Keyboard Encoder (16 keys) 4.49 

74C923 20 Keyboard Encoder (20 keys) 4 95 

MM53130N 18 Touch Tone Dialer 5 95 

MM53190N 20 Push Button Pulse Dialer 4.49 




CONNECTORS' 



25 Pin — 

Port No. 



D Subminiature (meets RS232) 

Description Prlco 



DB25P PLUG (RS232) 2 95 

DB25S SOCKET (RS232) 3 50 

DB25PF-179 PLUG (RS232) Wire Wrap style 4.96 

DB51 226-1 CABLE COVER tor DB25P or 0B25S 1 .75 

DB25P-831 PLUG - Right Angle - PC Mount 4.95 

DB25S-831 SOCKET - Right Anglo - PC Mount 5.25 

020418-2 Screw Lock tor 0B25 Series Connectors 

(Locks connector to panel) 2/. 99 



Solder Eyelet/Wire Wrap Edge Card 

Part No. Contacts Sp. | Description Price 



15/30SE 

18/36SE 

22/44SE 

22/44PC 

50/100SE 

22/44WW 

67031-5 

R681-1 

R681-2 



15/30 
18/36 
22/44 
22/44 
50/100 
22/44 
22/44 
50/100 
50/100 



156 
156 
156 

.156 
125 
156 
156 

.125 
125 



Solder Eyelet 

Solder Eyelet 

Solder Eyelet 

PC type (no mfg. oars) 

Wire Wrap - Level 3 

t*JW iPns 0625x 03x.75) 
Wire Wrap - Level 3 
Wire Wrap - Level 3 



195 
249 
295 
1 49 
995 
795 
3.95 
1295 
1295 



* Evaluation 


nfj 


JlslBLnLrXrj'll 


1 «— »T\ 


Kits 


LILT 


^JULSlTS^Uli: 


tM! 1 \ 


Port No. 


•Pins Function 


Price 


7045IPI 
7045EV/Kit* 


28 C. 
28 St 




14 95 


oowatch Chip. XTL 


19 95 


7106CPL 


40 Vh Dioit A/D (LCD Drivel . 


9.95 


7106EV/Kit* 


40 IC 


. Circuit Board. Display 


34 95 


7107CPL 


40 3V> C 


11 95 


7107EV/Kit* 


40 IC 


. Circuit Board. Display 


29 95 


7116CPL 


40 3</> Digit A/D LCD Dis HLD 


16 95 


7117CPL 


40 Vh Digit A/D LED Dis HLD 


15 95 


7201 IUS 


Low Battery Volt Indicator 


2 25 


7205IPG 


24 CMOS LED Stop watch /Timer 


12 95 


7205EV/Kit* 


24 StODwatch Chio XTL 


14 95 


7206CJPE 
7206CEV/Kit* 


16 To 
16 To 


ne Generator 


4 95 


ne Generator Chip. XTL 


7 95 


7207AIPD 


14 Oscillator Controller 


5.95 


7207AEV/Kit* 


14 Freq Counter Chip. XTL 


7 95 


7208IPI 
7209IPA 
7215IPG 


26 Se 

8 CI 
24 4 


ven Decade Counter 


15.95 


Dck Generator 


3 95 


: unc CMOS Stopwatch CKT 


13 95 


7215EV/Kit* 


24 4 Fun opwat 




7216AIJI 
7216CIJI 


28 8 
28 8 


Digit Univ Counter C. A 


29.95 


Dioit Frea Counter C A 


24 95 


7216DIPI 


28 8 Dmit Frea Counter C C 


19 95 


7217IJI 


28 4 


Digit LED Up/Down Counter C A 10 95 


7217AIPI 


28 4 


}iait LED UD/Down Counter C C 14 95 


7224IPL 


40 LCD 4% Dioit Uo Counter ORI 


10 95 


7226AIJL 
7226AEV/Kif 


40 8 
40 5 


Digit Univ Counter 


29 95 


: unction Counter Chip. XTL 




7240IJE 
7242IJA 


IB CMOS Bin Prog Timer/Counter 
S CMOS Divide by 256 RC Timer 


4 95 


2 25 


7250IJE 


16 CMOS BCD Prog. Timer/Counter 


600 


7260IJE 


16 CMOS BCO Prog Timer/Counter 


5 25 


7555IPA 


8 CMOS 555 Timer 


1.45 


7556IPD 
7611 BCPA 


14 CI 
8 CD 


*0S 556 Timer ... 


2 20 


AOS Op Amp Comparator 


5MV 225 


7612BCPA 


6 CMOS Op Amp Ext Cmvr 


5MV 2 95 


7621 BCPA 


B CMOS Dual Op Amp Comp 


5MV 3 95 


7631CCPE 


18 CMOS Tri Op Amp Comp 


10MV 635 


7641CCPD 


14 CMOS Quad Op Amp Comp 


10MV 7 50 


7642CCPD 


14 CMOS Quad Op Amp Comp 


10MV 7 50 


7660CPA 


8 Voltage Converter 


2 95 


8038CCPD 


14 Waveform Generator 


3 95 


8048CCPE 
8069CC0 


18 Monolithic Logarithmic Amp 

50ppm Band-GAP Volt Ret Diod 


19 95 


• 250 


8211CPA 


8 Volt Ret/Indicator 


2 95 


8212CPA 


24 Volt Ret/ Indicator 


2.95 


74CO0 14 
74C02 14 
74C04 14 


'■'■ 
35 
29 


74C-C/M0S 


74C221 16 195 
74C240 20 195 
74C244 20 195 


74C95 14 139 


74C08 14 


.35 


74C107 14 89 


74C373 20 2 49 


74C10 14 


35 


74C151 IB 2 49 


74C374 20 2 49 


74C14 14 


59 


74C154 24 349 


74C901 14 39 


74C20 14 


35 


74C157 18 2 25 


74C903 14 39 


74C30 14 


35 


74C160 IS 1 19 


74C906 14 39 


74C32 14 


39 


74C161 16 1 19 


74C911 28 8 95 


74C42 16 


1 39 


74C162 16 1 19 


74C912 28 8 95 


74C48 16 


1 95 


74C163 16 1.19 


74C915 IS 1 19 


74C73 14 


79 


74C164 14 149 


74C917 28 8 95 


74C74 14 


69 


74C173 16 79 


74C922 IS 4 49 


74C85 16 


1 95 


74C174 16 1 19 


74C923 20 4 95 


74C86 14 


39 


74C175 16 1.19 


74C925 16 5 95 


74C89 16 


595 


74C192 16 149 


74C926 IS 5 95 


74C90 14 


1 19 


74C193 16 1 69 


80C95 18 39 


74C93 14 


1 19 


74C195 16 139 


80C97 16 39 


LH0002CN 10 


595 


LINEAR 


NE571N 18 2 95 


LM10CLH 


3 95 




LM703CN 8 1 19 


LM11CLH 


395 


LM340T-5 79 


LM709N 14 49 


LH00700H 


495 


LM340T-12 79 


LM710N 14 69 


TL071CP 8 


49 


LM340T-15 79 


LM711N 14 79 


TL072CP 8 


59 


LM341P-5 75 


LM723N 14 55 


TL074CN 14 


1 49 


LM341P-12 75 


LM733N 14 100 


LH0082CD 


29 95 


LM341P-15 75 


LM739N 14 195 


TL082CP 8 


59 


LM342P-5 69 


LM741CN 8 35 


TL084CN 14 


59 


LM342P-12 69 


MC1741SCG 295 


LH0094CD 


24 95 


LM342P-15 69 


LM747N 14 69 


LM300H 


.99 


LM348N 14 99 


LM748N 8 59 


LM301CN 8 


35 


LM350K 4.95 


LM1014N 11 1 19 


LM302H 


1 95 


LF351N 6 60 


LM1310 14 1.49 


LM304H 


1 95 


LF353N 8 100 


LM1458CN B 59 


LM305H 


99 


LF355N 8 1 10 


LM1488N 14 69 


LM307CN • 


45 


LF356N 8 1 .10 


LM1489N 14 69 


LM308CN 6 


69 


LM358N 8 69 


LM1496N 14 195 


LM309H 


1 95 


LM359N 14 1 79 


LM1556V 8 175 


LM309K 


1 25 


LM370N 14 449 


LM1800N 16 1.49 


LM310CN 8 


175 


LM373N 14 3 95 


LM1871N IB 1.95 


LM311CN 8 


69 


LM377 14 195 


LM1872N IB 2.49 


LM312H 


2.49 


LM380N 14 89 


LM1877N-9 14 1.95 


LM317MP 


1 15 


LM381N 14 1 79 


LM1889N 18 195 


LM317T 


1.19 


LM382N 14 139 


LM1896N 14 2 95 


LM317K 


395 


LM384N 14 1.79 


LM2002T 149 


LM318CN 8 


1 95 


LM386N-3 8 89 


LM2877P 195 


LM319N 14 


1 95 


LM387N 8 89 


LM2878P 2 25 


LM320K-5 


1 35 


LM389N IB 1 19 


LM2896P-1 159 


LM320K-12 


1 35 


LM392N 8 69 


LM3189N 16 159 


LM320K-15 


1 35 


LF398N 8 3 95 


LM3900N 14 59 


LM320T-5 


89 


LM399H 500 


LM3905CN 6 1.19 


LM320T-12 


89 


TL494CN 16 2 95 


LM3909N 8 99 


LM320T-15 


89 


TL496CP 8 1.19 


LM3914N 18 3 49 


LM323K 


5 95 


NE510A 14 495 


LM3915N 18 3.49 


LM324N 14 


59 


NE529A 14 2 95 


LM3916N 18 3 49 


LM329DZ 


65 


NE531V 8 295 


RC4136N 14 125 


LM331N 8 
LM334Z 


395 
1 19 


NE536H 6 00 


RC4151NB 8 1.95 
RC4194TK 3 95 


NE540H 4.95 


LM335Z 


1 40 


NE544N 14 2 95 


RC4195TK 395 


LM336Z 


1.19 


NE550A 14 195 


LM45O0A IB 195 


LM337T 


1 95 


NE555V 8 35 


ICL8038B 14 3 95 


LM337MP 


1.15 


LM556N 14 69 


LM13080N B 1.19 


LM338K 


6 95 


NE564N 18 2 95 


LM13600M IB 1 19 


LM339N 14 


69 


LM565N 14 1 19 


751 38N IB 1.95 


LM340K-5 


1 35 


LM566CN 8 1 .49 


75450N 14 59 


LM340K-12- 


1 35 , 


LM567V 8 89 


75451CN S 39 


LM340K-15 


1 .35 | 


NE570N 16 395 | 


75492 14 69 



tfftW 

TtTTttT 



IC SOCKETS 

For Socket Required, See Column After The IC Part No. 




LOW PROFILE (TIN) SOCKETS 



1-24 



25-49 



50-100 



.16 .15 

.19 .18 

.21 .20 

.28 .27 

.32 .30 

.36 .35 

.37 .36 

.44 .43 

.59 .58 

.62 .61 
— Soldertail Standard Tin & Gold Also Available — 



8 pin LP 


.17 


14 pin LP 


.20 


16 pin LP 


.22 


18 pin LP 


.29 


20 pin LP 


.34 


22 pin LP 


.37 


24 pin LP 


.38 


28 Pin LP 


.45 


36 pin LP 


.60 


40 pin LP 


.63 



WIRE WRAP (GOLD) SOCKETS 



LEVEL #3 

8 pin WW 
10 pin WW 
14 pin WW 
16 pin WW 
18 pin WW 
20 pin WW 
22 pin WW 
24 pin WW 
28 pin WW 
36 pin WW 
40 pin WW 



1-24 



25-49 



50-100 



.59 

.69 

.79 

.85 

.99 

1.19 

1.49 

1.39 

1.69 

2.19 

2.29 



.54 

.63 

.73 

.77 

.90 

1.08 

1.35 

1.26 

1.53 

1.99 

2.09 



.49 

.58 

.67 

.70 

.81 

.99 

1.23 

1.14 

1.38 

1.79 

1.89 



$10.00 Minimum Order — U.S. Funds Only 
California Residents Add 6 1 /2% Sales Tax 
Postage — Add 5% plus $1.50 Insurance 
Send S.A.S.E. for Monthly Sale Flyer! 



Spec Sheets — 25c each 
Send 88c Postage for your 
FREE 1982 JAMECO CATALOG 
Prices Subject to Change 



Call 'or 

Quantity 

Oiscounts 




Mail Order Electronics • Worldwide 



i 



ameco 



ELECTRONICS 



T £»* Numb; 
T»l«x 176043 



9/82 



1355 SHOREWAY ROAD, BELMONT, CA 94002 
PHONE ORDERS WELCOME — (415) 592 8097 



CAPACITOR CORNER 



50 VOLT CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS 



Value 

10 pf 

22 pf 

47 pf 

100 pf 

220 pf 

470 pf 

.OOlmf 
.0O22mf 
.0047mf 
.Olmf 



1-9 10-99 100+ 
.08 .06 .05 

.06 .05 

.06 

.06 

.06 

.06 



.08 
.08 
.08 
.08 
.08 



.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 



Value 
.001/iF 
.004 7uF 
.OImF 7 
.022m F 
.047uF 



1-9 10-99 100+ 
08 .06 .06 

.06 

.06 

.07 

.07 

.12 



.08 
.08 
.09 
.09 
.15 



.05 
.05 
.06 
.06 
.10 



100 VOLT MYLAR FILM CAPACITORS 



.12 
.12 
.12 
.12 



.10 .07 

.10 .07 

.10 .07 

.10 .07 



.022m f 
.047mf 
.lmf 

.22mf 



.13 
.21 

.27 
.33 



.11 
.17 
.23 

.27 



.08 
.13 
.17 
.22 



+20% DIPPED TANTALUMS (Solid) CAPACITORS 



.1/35V 

. 15/35 V 

.22/35V 

. 33/35 V 

.47/35V 

.68/35V 

1.0/35V 



.39 
.39 
.39 
.39 
.39 
.39 
.39 



.34 
.34 
.34 
.34 
.34 
.34 
.34 



.29 
.29 
.29 
.29 
29 
.29 
.29 



1.5/35V 

2.2/35V 

3.3/25V 

4. 7/25 V 

6.8/25V 

15/2SV 

22/6V 



.41 
.51 
.53 
.63 
.79 



.37 
.45 
.47 
.56 
.69 



1.39 1.25 
.79 .69 



.29 
.34 
.37 
.45 
.55 
.95 
55 



MINI. ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS 



Axial 

.47/SOV 

1.0/50V 

3. 3/50 V 

4.7/25V 

10/25V 

10/SOV 

22/25V 

22/50V 

47/25V 

47/SOV 

100/25 V 

100 /50V 

220/25 V 

220/5OV 

4 70/25 V 

1000/16V 

2200/16V 



1-99 100-499 
.16 .14 



.19 
.17 
.18 
.18 
.19 
.19 
.24 
.25 
.29 
.28 
.41 
.39 
.49 
.54 
./9 
.89 



.16 
.IS 
.15 
.15 
.16 
.16 
.20 
.21 
.25 
.24 
.37 
.34 
.45 
.49 
.69 
.79 



500 + 

.10 

.12 

.11 

.11 

.11 

.12 

.12 

.18 

.19 

.23 

.22 

.34 

.33 

.41 

.45 

.61 

.69 



Radial 

.47/2SV 
.47/50V 
1.0/16V 
1.0/2SV 
1.0/SOV 
4. 7/16 V 
4.7/25V 
4. 7/50 V 
10/ 16 V 
10/25 V 
10/SOV 
4 7/50 V 
100/16V 
100/25 V 
100/SOV 
220/16V 
4 70/25 V 



1-99 100-499 500 + 

.15 .13 .12 

.16 .14 .13 

.13 .12 



.15 

.16 .14 

.17 .15 



.15 
.16 
.17 



13 
14 
13 .12 



.14 
.15 



.13 
.14 



.15 .13 .12 



.16 .14 



.13 



.17 .15 .14 



.25 .21 .19 

.21 .17 .14 

.25 .23 .21 J 

.37 .34 .31 / 

.25 .21 .19 y 

.35 .31 -27^^ 



Microcomputing, September 1982 125 



$£££Cr#0A//C4 




HAZELT1NE 2000 

12" green phos tube 
adjustable baud rate from front 
remote keyboard w/ numeric keypad 
insert & delete, chacacter & line mode, 
and cursor control functions 
external printer & cassette ports 
modem cable w/DB-25 connector 
shipping wt. 651bs. 
$300.00 f.o.b. our warehouse 



MONITORS 

1 2" black & white monitor. Wide band, will 
display 80 x 24 char. 1 OK or 75Q input im- 
pedance, composite video input. Transform- 
er power supply. 
Shpt. Wt. 30# 
Price: $55 ea. 

Used with all computers such as: TRS-80. 
Apple, and many others. 
Complete manual $5.00 
(Also in green phos $80.00 ea.) 



HAZELTI NE lOOO 

* 1 2 x 80 characters 

* shipping wt. 47lbs. 

* $ 1 50.00 f.o.b. our warehouse 

TEXAS INSTRUMENT 7SO 
THERMAL PRINTERS 

* parallel interface 

* upper & lower case 

* excellent condition 

* shipping wt. 30lbs. 

* $90.00 f.o.b. our warehouse 



HAZELTINE TAPE CASSETTES 



* 
* 



* 
* 
* 





REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLIES 
MFGS. LAMBDA & NORTH 



>LTS 


-AMPS 


WT. 


PRICE 


5 


74 


62# 


$40.00 


S 


31 


40 


$35.00 


5 


16 


18 


$23.00 


5 


io 


18 


SlS.OO 


S 


4 


7 


$10.00 


S 


13 


20 


$20.00 


12 


lO.S 


18 


$30.00 


IZ 


7.3 


18 


$25. OO 


12 


1.6 


9 


$10.00 



dual tape drives 
digitaly records 

^duplicates 
data files can be prepared 

off line 

recording rate 2400 baud 
records 400 bits per inch 
tape speed 6" per second 
shipping wt 33 lbs. 
operators manual inc. 
$ 1 25.00 fob our warehouse 



PERKIN ELMER 
CAROUSEL 350 TERMINAL 

Only Selectronics could bring you this unbelievable opportu- 
nity to own the finest high quality KSR terminal ever made. 
These machines originally listed for more than $4200. Check 
these outstanding features: 

* Letter quality printing with upper and lowercase 

* Microprocessor controlled 

* 76-key alphanumeric keyboard with 10-key numeric pad 

* EIA RS232C asynchronous serial interface 

* 40 cps print rate 

* 1 32 character buffer 



20% discount for 5 or more. 




w 



CABLES 



5' RG/59U cable with PL259 connector on one end. 
Price: $1.00 ea. 6/S5.00 

24" RG/59U cable with PL 259 connector on one 
end, BNC on other end. 
Price: $1.00 ea. 6/$5.00 

MODEM CABLES 

DB-25 male to male $6.00 ea. 2/$ 10.00 
DB-25 male to blank $3.00 ea. 4/$ 1 0.00 
DB-25 female to blank $3.00 ea. 4/$ 1 0.00 



* Full or half duplex 

* Parity — odd, even, none 

* Replacable print cups and elements 

Excellent Condition— $650.00 f.o.b. 
Shpt. Wt. I00# our warehouse 

MULTIPLE VOLTAGE COMPUTER 
GRADE NORTH POWER SUPPLY 

+ 5VDC@25A +I2VDC@3A 
- 5VDC @ 4A - 1 2VCD @ 2A 
shipping wt. 30lbs. 
$35.00 f.o.b. our warehouse 

ASCII ENCODED KEYBOARDS 

SOLID STATE KEYS CONTOURED TYPEING SURFACE 
"1ST KEY ROLL-OVER. 



$£l£Cr#0A//C4 



1229 S. Napa Street • Philadelphia PA 19146 



Penna resident please add 6% sales tax All HttCIS At! F.O.B. our warehouse Phila n A All merchandise accurate 
as to description to the best of our knowledge Your purchase money refunded if not satisfied Mm order $ 10 00 

2 I 5-468-789 1 2 1 5-468-4645 



Documentation Included 

Shipping Wt. 7# 

$25.00 w/o case f.o.b. our warehouse 

$35.00 w/ case f.o.b. our warehouse 

Muffin fans 

$3.00 ea. 10 " fans Sonarlerts 

6 for $15.00 $9.00 $2.00 ea. 

Yes— We do accept VISA & Mastercard 



126 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 205 on Reader Service card. 



IFOR ONLY $129.95 Learn Computing 
iFrom The Ground 



l Build a Computer kit that grows 
I with you, and can expand to 64k 
: RAM, Microsoft BASIC, Text Edi- 
J tor/ Assembler, Word Processor, 
: Floppy Disks and more. 

/ 





I Here s the low cost way to learn the fundamentals of com 

1 puting. the all-important basics you'll need more and 

1 more as you advance in computer skills For just $129 95 

J you get the advanced -design Explorer/85 motherboard, 

i with all the features you need to learn how to write and 

l use programs And it can grow into a system that is a 

I match for any personal computer on the market Look at 

• these features 80«5 Onlrul Processing Unit, the 
' microprocessor heart of the Explorer/85 (Join the 
! millions who will buy and use the 8080/8085 this vear 
! alone!) Four 8-bit plus nm h -M input/output ports from 
I which you can input and output your programs, as well as 

■ control exterior swiii hes relays lights, etc a cassette 
I interface that lets you store and reload programs you ve 

• learned to write deluxa 2.000 byte operating 
1 system/monitor mnkes it easy to learn computing in 
J several important ways * H allows simpler, faster writ 

l ing and entering of programs • It permits access by you 

I to all parts of the system so you can check on the status of 

• any point in the program • It allows tracing each pro 

■ gram step by step, with provision for displaying all the 

■ contents of the CPU (registers flags, etc ) • and it 
' does much more! 

You get all this in the starting level (Level A) of the 

a Explorer/85 for only $129.95. Incredible! To use. just 

■ plug in your 8VDC power supply and terminal or 

■ keyboard/display — if you don t have them, see our 

■ special offers below 

■ U Level A computer kit (Terminal Version) $12995 
! plus $3 P»I* 

Z D Level A kit (Hex Keypad /Display Version) $129.95 

a plus $3 Pftl * 

■ LEVEL B — This building block converts the mother 
! board into a two-slot S100 bus (industry standard) com- 
- puter Now you can plug in any of the hundreds of S10D 
a cards available 

■ D Level B kit $49.95 plus $2 PAl * 

■ □ S100 bus connectors (two required) $4.85 each. 

■ postpaid 

a LEVEL C — Add still more 

■ computing power: this build 

• ing block mounts directly on 
B the motherboard and expands 
" the S100 bus to six slots 
ID Level C kit $39.95 plus $2 1 

a Pal • 

■ D S100 bus connectors (five 

■ required) $4 85 each. 
9 postpaid 

a LEVEL D — When you reach the point in learning that re 
a quires more memory, we offvr rwo choices either add 4k 

■ of a memory directly on the motherboard, or add 16k to 

■ 64k of memory by means of ■ single S100 card our famous 

■ |AWS 

! Level D kit (CHECK ONE) D 4k on board $49.95 
! plus $2 P&lV D 16k S100 |AWS $149.95 plus $2 

1 P*I\D 32kSl00 |AWS $199.95 plus $2 P&I'D 48k 
a S100 |AWS $24995 plus $2 PAl* H 64k SlOO 

■ |AWS $299.95 plus $2 PAl' 

B LEVEL E — An important building block, it activates 
B the8kROM/EPRC)M space on th( motherboard Now just 
a plug in our 8k Microsoft BASIC or your own custom 

■ programs 

■ O Level E kit $5.95 plus 50C PAl * 

^ Microsoft BASIC — It's the language (hat allows you to 
! talk English to your computer' It is available three ways 
B □ 8k cassette version of Microsoft BASIC (requires Level 
a B and 12k of RAM minimum, we suggest a 16k S100 
a |AWS — see above) $94.95 postp.nd 

■ D 8k ROM version of Microsoft BASIC (requires Level B 

■ A Level E and 4k RAM. |ust plug into your Level E sockets 

■ We suggest either the 4k l>evel D RAM expansion or a 16k 

• S100 JAWS -) $99.95 plus $2 P4I * 

a Q Disk version of Microsoft BASIC (requires Level B. 
a 32k of RAM floppy disk controller H floppy disk drive) 
a $329 postpaid 

a TEXT EDITOR/ASSEMBLER — The editor/assembler 
a is a software tool (a program) designed to simplify the task 

■ of writing programs As your programs become longer 

• and more complex the ass«Anbler can save you many 
' hours of programming time This software includes an 
z editor program that enters the programs you write, makes 
B changes, and saves the programs on cassettes The assem- 
a bier performs the clerical task of translating symbolic 

• code into the computer readable ob|ect code The editor/ 

■ assembler program is available either in cassette or a 

■ ROM version 

J □ Editor/Assembler (Cassette version, requires Level 
! B' and 8k (mm ) of RAM — we suggest mk |AWS" — 
J see above) $89.95 plus $2 PAl * 

a □ Editor/Assembler (ROM version supplied on an SlOO 
a card, requires Level B and 4k RAM (mm ) — we suggest 

■ either Level D or 16k JAWS ) $99.95 plus $2 PAl * 

• 8" FLOPPY DISK — A remarkable building block 
a Add our 8" floppy disk when you need faster operation 
a more convenient program storage perhaps a business ap- 

■ plication, and access to the literally thousands of programs 

• and program languages available toddy You simply plug 

• them into your Explqcer/R5 disk system — it accepts all 
I IBM formatted CP/M$rograms 

JQ8" Floppy Disk Drive $498.95 plus $12 PAl * 

B □ Floppy Controller Card $199.95 plus $2 PAl ' 

a D Disk Drive Cabinet A Power Supply $99 95 plus 

■ $3 PAl * 

■ □ Drive Cables (set up for two drives) $25.80 plus 

■ $1 50 PAl* 

J D CP/M 2 2 Disk Operating System includes Text 
a Editor/Assembler dynamic debugger and other features 
a that give your Explorer/85 access to thousands of existing 

■ CP/M -based programs $150 00 postpaid 

J NEED A POWER SUPPLY? Consider our AP 1 It can 
a supply all the power you need for a fully expanded Ex- 
a plorer/85(note disk drives have their own power supply) 

■ Pius the AP-1 fits neatly into the attractive Explorer steel 

■ cabinet (see below) 

■ D API Power Supply kit (8V 9t 5 a mps) in deluxe s teel 

2 cabinet $39.99 plus $2 PAl * 
a NEED A TERMINAL? We 

■ offer you choices the least ex 

• pensive one is our Hex 

• Keypad/Display kit that dis- 
- plays the information on a 
a calculator-type screen The 
B other choice is our ASCII 

■ Keyboard/Computer Terminal 

■ kit. that can be used with either 



1 Plug in Nrlronir's Hex 
KrypouVDi spiny 

2 AM h'vvl B to convert to 
S100 

3 Add 4k HAM 



4 Plug in Level K here MR- 
rests Microsoft BASIC, or 
Ec/i lor/A ssembler in HOM 
3 Add ttmSfOD harm*) 

r> Ailil you own i uslom in 
( nils (prototyping ureti) 
7 Connect trrmmo/ 



: 



h CRT monitor or a TV set (if you have an RF modulator) 

□ Hex Keypad/Display kit $69.95 plus $2 PAl * 

□ FASTERM - 64 TERMINAL KIT Featuring a 56 key 
ASCII Keyboard 128 character set upper and lower case 
75 ohm output 8 baud rates 150 to 19 200 (switch select 
able) RS232/C or 20 MA output 32 or 64 character by 16 
line formats complete with 
Deluxe Steel Cabinet and 
Power Supply $199.95 
plus $3 PAl * 





D RF Modulator kit (allows you to use your TV set as a 
monitor) $9.95 postpaid 

□ 12" Video Monitor (10MHz bandwidth) $139.95 
plus $5 PAl * 

D Deluxe Steel Cabinet for the . 
Kxplorer/H r . $49.95 plus $.) ■■ 
PAl* 

□ Fan for cabinet $15.00 ! 
plus$1 50 PAl ' 



ORDER A SPECIAL-PRICE 

EXPLORER/85 PAK— THERE'S 

ONE FOR EVERY NEED. 



■cr Pak (Save $26 00) — You get Level A (Ter 
minaf Version) with Monitor Source Listing ($25 value) 
AP-1 5-amp power supply. Intel 8085 Users Manual 
(Reg $199 95) SPECIAL $199.95 plus $4 PAl * 

Experimenter Pak (Save $53 40) — You get Level A 
(Hex Keypad/Display Version) with Hex Keypad/ 
Display. Intel 8085 User Manual. Level A Hex Monitor 
Source Listing and API, 5-amp power supply (Reg 
$279 95) SPECIAL $219.95 plus $6 PAl.* 

Special Microsoft 9ASIC Pak (Save $103 00)— You get 
Levels A (Terminal Version). B. D (4k RAM). E. Bk 
Microsoft in ROM. Intel 8085 User Manual. Level A Moni 
tor Source Listing and AP-1. 5-amp power supply 
(Reg $439 70) SPECIAL $329.95 plus $7 PAl ' 

□ Add a Rom Version Text Editor /Assembler (Requires 
levels B and D or SlOO Memory! $99.95 plus $2 PW 

Staffer 8" Disk System - Includes l>-vel A. B floppy disk 
controller, one CDC 8" disk-drive two-drive cable two 
S100 connectors, jusl add your own power supplies. 
I .ibinels and hardware □ (Reg $1065 00) SPECIAL 
$999.95 plus $13 PAl * D 32k Starter System $1045.95 
plus $13 PAl * D 48k Starter System $1095.95 plus $13 
PAl ' □ 64k Starter System $1145.95 plus $13 PAl * 

□ Add to any of above Explorer steel cabinet AP 1 five 
amp power supply. U*vel C with two S100 connectors, 
disk drive cabinet and power supply, two sub-D connec 
tors for connecting your printer and terminal (Reg 
$225 95) SPECIAL $199.95 plus $13 PAl ' 

Complete 64K System Wired A Tested $1650 00 

plus $26 PAl * 

G Special! Complete Business Software Pak (Save 
$625 00)— Includes CP/M 2 2 Microsoft BASIC. General 
Ledger Accounts Receivable. Accounts Payable. Payroll 
Package (Reg $1325) SPECIAL $699.95 postpaid 



*PrW slonds for postogc h msiimni <■ 
iIits. double this amount 



For Qinodtun or- 



Continental Credit Card Buyers Outside Connecticut: 

TO ORDER 

Call Toll Free: 

800-243-7428 

To Order From Connecticut, 

or For Technical Assistance, 

Call (203) 354-9375 



CP/M is • reg trademark of Digital Research 



<*)it 



(Clip and mail entire a 

SEND ME THE ITEMS CHECKED ABOVE 

Total Enclosed (Conn Residents add sales tax): $ 

Paid by 

□ Personal Check □ Cashier s Check/Money Order 

□ VISA □ MASTER CARD (Bank No 



Acct No . 



Exp Dale 



Signature. 



Print Name 




Address. 



City. 



State. 



Zip 



w 



ETRONICS Research & Development Ltd 

333 Litchfield Road, New Milford, CT 06776 




ANNOUNCING TWO 
NEW TERMINALS 

Smart • Fast • Graphics • Matching Modem and $295 Printer 

Netronics announces a state of the art 
breakthrough in terminals, now at prices you 
can afford, you can go on-line with databank 
and computer phone-line services. It's all 
yours: "electronic newspapers," educational 
services, Dow-Jones stock reports, games, 
recipes, personal computing with any level 
language, program exchanges, electronic bul- 
letin boards . . . and more every day!!! 

Netronics offers two new terminals both 
feature a full 56 key/128 character typewriter- 
style keyboard, baud rates to 19.2 kilobaud, a 
rugged steel cabinet and power supply. The 
simplest one, FASTERM-64, is a 16 line by 64 or 32 character per line unit, with a serial 
printer port for making hard copy of all incoming data, and optional provisions for block and 
special character graphics The "smart" version, SMARTERM-80. features either 24 line by 80 
characters per line or 16 by 40 characters per line, it offers on-screen editing with page-at-a- 
time printing, 12,000 pixel graphics, line graphics, absolute cursor addressing, underlining, 
reverse video, one-half intensity and much more . . . simply plug them into your computer or 
our phone modem and be on-line instantly. Use your TV set (RF modulator required) or our 
delux green-phosphor monitor pictured above. For hard copy just add our matched printer. 

Price breakthrough!!! Own the FASTERM-64, a complete terminal kit, ready to plug in for 
just $199.95 or order the SMARTERM-80 kit for just $299.95, (both available wired and tested ) 
Be on-line with the million-dollar computers and data services today ... we even supply the 
necessary subscription forms. 

More good news: All the components in our terminals are available separately (see 
coupon), so you buy only what you need!!! 

FASTERM-64 . . . DISPLAY FORMAT: 64 or 32 characters/line by 16 lines ... 96 displayable 
ASCII characters (upper & lower case) ... 8 baud rates: 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 4800, 9600. 
19, 200, (switch sel.) . . . LINE OUTPUT: RS232/C or 20 ma current loop . VIDEO OUTPUT: 1V 
P/P (EIA RS-170) . . . CURSOR MODES: home & clear screen, erase to end of line, erase cursor 
line, cursor up & down, auto carriage return/line feed at end of line & auto scrolling . . . 
REVERSE VIDEO . . . BLINKING CURSOR . . . PARITY: off, even or odd . . . STOP BITS: 1, 1.5, 
2 DATA BITS PER CHARACTER: 5, 6, 7 or 8 . . . CHARACTER OUTPUT: 5 by 7 dot matrix 
in a 7 by 12 cell . . . PRINTER OUTPUT: prints all incoming data . . . 1K ON BOARD RAM 
2K ON BOARD ROM . . . CRYSTAL CONTROLLED . . . COMPLETE WITH POWER SUPPLY 
OPTIONAL GRAPHICS MODE: includes 34 Greek & math characters plus 30 special graphics 
characters . . . ASCII ENCODED KEYBOARD: 56 key/128 characters 

SMARTERM-80 . . . DISPLAY FORMAT: 80 characters by 24 lines or 40 characters by 16 lines 
128 displayable ASCII characters (upper & lower case) 8 baud rates: 110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400. 
4800 9600, 19, 200 .. . LINE OUTPUT: RS232/C or 20 ma current loop VIDEO OUTPUT: 1V 
pp (EIA RS-170) . . . EDITING FEATURES: insert/delete line, insert/delete character, for- 
ward/back tab . . . LINE OR PAGE TRANSMIT . . PAGE PRINT FUNCTION . . CURSOR POSI- 
TIONING: up, down, right, left, plus absolute cursor positioning with read back VISUAL 
ATTRIBUTES: underline, blink, reverse video, half intensity, & blank . . . GRAPHICS: 12,000 
pixel resolution block plus line graphics . . . ON-SCREEN PARITY INDICATOR PARITY: off. 
even or odd STOP BITS: 110 baud 2, all others 1 . . . CHAR. OUTPUT: 7 by 11 character in 
a 9 by 12 block . . . PRINTER OUTPUT ... 60 OR 50 Hz VERTICAL REFRESH BLINKING 
BLOCK CURSOR . . . CRYSTAL CONTROLLED . . . 2K ON BOARD RAM ASCII ENCODED 
KEYBOARD: 56 key/128 character . . . 4K ON BOARD ROM . . . COMPLETE WITH POWER 
SUPPLY. 
TELEPHONE MODEM 103 O/A . . FULL DUPLEX, FCC APPROVED DATA RATE: 300 baud 

INTERFACE: RS232/C and TTY . . . CONTROLS: talk/data switch (no need to connect and 
disconnect phone), originate/answer switch on rear panel NO POWER SUPPLY RE- 
QUIRED. 

ASCII KEYBOARD ASCII-3 .56 KEY/128 CHARACTER ASCII 
ENCODED UPPER & LOWER CASE . . . FULLY DEBOUNCED . . . 
2 KEY ROLLOVER . . POS OR NEG LOGIC WITH POS STROBE . . . 
REQUIRES + 5 & -12V DC (SUPPLIED FROM VIDEO BOARDS) 
PRINTER COMET I . . SERIAL I/O TO 9600 BAUD 80 
CHARACTER COLUMN (132 COMPRESSED) . 10" TRACTOR FEED 

UPPER/LOWER CASE . . . INDUSTRY STANDARD RIBBONS . . 
4 CHARACTER SIZES . 9 BY 7 DOT MATRIX Bl DIRECTIONAL 
PRINTING 




Continental U.S.A. Credit Card Buyers Outside Connecticut 

CALL TOLL FREE 800-243-7428 

To Order From Connecticut Or For Tech. Assist. Call (203) 354-9375 

NETRONICS R&D LTD. D . P t. 

333 Litchfield Road, New Milford, CT 06776 

Please send the items checked below: 

D COMPLETE FASTERM-64 TERMINAL (includes FASTVID-64 video board 
ASCII-3 keyboard, steel cabinet and power supply) ... kit $199.95 plus $3 P&l 
. . . wired & tested $249.95 plus $3 P&l . . . graphics option: add $19.95 to 

S3C h of 3 t)OV6 

D COMPLETE SMARTERM-80 TERMINAL (includes SMARTVID-80 video 
board, ASCII-3 keyboard, steel cabinet and power supply) ... kit $299.95 plus 
$3 P&l . . . wired and tested $369.95 plus $3 P&l 

□ FASTVID-64 VIDEO BOARD (requires + 5 & -12V DC] ... kit $99.95 plus $3 
P&l . . . graphics option add $19.95 . . . wired & tested $129.95 plus $3 P&l . . . 
graphics option add $19.95 

D SMARTVID-80 VIDEO BOARD (requires + 5 & +/-12V DC) ... kit $199.95 
plus $3 P&l . . . wired & tested $249.95 plus $3 P&l 

□ DELUXE STEEL TERMINAL CABINET . . . $19.95 plus $3 P&l 

□ ASCII-3 KEYBOARD (requires + 5& -12VDC) ... kit $69.95 plus $3 P&l . . . 
wired and tested $89.95 plus $3 P&l 

□ POWER SUPPLY (powers ASCII-3 keyboard & video boards) ... kit only 

$19.95 plus $2 P&l 

D ZENITH VIDEO MONITOR (high resolution green phosphor) . . . wired & 

tested $149.95 plus $6 P&l 

□ TELEPHONE MODEM MODEL 103 O/A . . . wired & tested $189.95 plus $3 

P&l 

D DOT MATRIX PRINTER Comet I . . . wired & tested $299.95 plus $10 P&l 

D RF MODULATOR MOD RF-1 ... kit only $8.95 plus $1 P&l 

□ 3FT-25 LEAD MODEM/TERMINAL OR PRINTER/TERMINAL CONNECTOR 
CABLE . . . $14.95 ea plus $2 P&l 

For Canadian orders, double the postage . Conn. res. add sales tax. 



Total Enclosed $_ 

□ Personal Check 

□ VISA 
Acct. No. . 



□ Cashier's Check/Money Order 

d MasterCard (Bank No ) 

Exp. Date 



Signature 

Print Name 

Address 

City 



State 



Zip 



Microcomputing, September 1982 127 



PRIORITY ONE ELECTRONICS 



ONE 



ffj&jfc 



-&-&& CompuPro " ft it ft 

5 REASONS WHY YOU 

SHOULD SPEND AN EXTRA 

5C WITH PRIORITY ONE 

Some of you may have noticed that some other vendors have started 
to advertise CompuPro products Frankly, we're amused that it has 
taken them this long to see that you want state-of-the-art IEEE/696 S- 
1 00 products The discriminating user wants boards that meet the IEEE 
standard, not just any board with 1 00 pins that is obsolete before it is 
sold. We've known this for years, that is why we have continued to grow 
while others have had to cut back To attract your business, they try to 
. copy us and cut the price, often by as little as five cents. Rather than cut 
price, we offer the best combination of price, performance, and support 
in the business We at Priority One are proud of what we offer for that 
extra five cents. Priority One Electronics is more than just a computer 
store or mail order house — we're an Authorized CompuPro Systems 
Center Priority One is the first place you should turn to for business, 
scientific, and industrial computing solutions Here are just five 
examples of what that extra five cents buys 

• As an Authorized Systems Center, we provide custom system inte- 
gration from board level components 

• We maintain full documentation on all CompuPro hardware and 
software 

• We attend and hold periodic factory training seminars on CompuPro 
products 

• We have factory trained Sales Engineers available to answer your 
questions after the sale is made When you call Priority One, you'll 
speak with a professional, not an answering machine or answering 
service 

• We buy directly from the factory, not from two step distributors, so 
we're always first to receive new products and new information 
about enhancements for existing products When we buy direct we 
we buy in volume Whether you need one board or one hundred, we 
can usually deliver from stock 

When you're ready for professional level, state-of-the-art micro- 
computing, turn to Priority One, the world's largest Authorized 
CompuPro Systems Center We're ready for you. 

ft it it it it ft ft it it ft it it 




CMOS STATIC RAM 

For a complete analysis of the advantages of CMOS 

memory, see the "Product Description" on page 416 of the 

January Issue of BYTE 

RAM 17 • 64K CMOS STATIC RAM 

RAM 17,10 MHz, 2 Watt, DMA Compatible 24 Bit Addressing 



Part No. 



Description 



Ust Price Our Price 



KIGBT175A64 
KI6BT175C64 



64KA&T 
64 K CSC 



$599.00 
$750.00 



$550.00 
$699.00 



RAM 16 • 32K x 16 BIT CMOS STATIC RAM 

8 and/or 16 Bit 

© RAM 16 10 MHz, 32K x 16 or 64K x 8 

IEEE/696 16 Bit 2 Watt. 24 Bit Addressing 



KI6BT180A 
KIGBT180C 



64KA&T 
64 K CSC 



$650.00 
$750.00 



$599.00 
$699.00 



(Jfe) NEW! RAM 21 • 128K STATIC RAM -^ 

M ' RAM 21 12MHz, 128Kx8or64Kx 16V90**' 

IEEE/696 8 or 16 Bit 1.2 Amps, 24 Bit Addressing 
KIGBT190A 128KA&T $1695.00 $995.00 

KI6BT190C 128KCSC $1895.00 $1795 00 

STATIC MEMORY BOARDS 

RAM 20 - 32K STATIC RAM 

RAM 20 10 MHz, 4K byte block disable, bank select 
or 24 bit addressing available 8. 16, 24 or 32K 



KI6BT164AA6 

KISBT164AC8 

KIBBJ1 64AA16 

KI6BT164AC16 

KIGBT164AA24 

KIGBT164AC24 

KI6BT164AA32 

KI6BT164AC32 



8KA&T 
8K CSC 
16KA&T 
16KCSC 
24KA&T 
24 K CSC 
32KA&T 
32K CSC 



$210.00 
$280.00 
$285.00 
$355.00 
$355.00 
$42500 
$425.00 
$495.00 




$190.00 
$260.00 
$260.00 
$325.00 
$325.00 
$385.00 
$385.00 
$450.00 



S-1 OO MAINFRAME 



1 10V 60Hz CVT Mainframe uses famous 20 slot 

COMPUPRO Motherboard 55 lbs. 

KIGBTENC20RM 20 Slot Rack Mount $895.00 $825.00 

KIGBTENC20DK 20 Slot Desk Too $825.00 $760.00 



CompuPro 




*** 



Part No. 



CPU BOARDS 

CO-PROCESSOR 8086/8087 (sTb) 

16 bit 8 or 10 MHz 8086 CPU with sockets 
for 8087 and 80130 



Description 



Ust Price Our Price 



KIGBT186A A&T 8M Hz 8086 only $695.00 $625.00 

KIGBT186C CSC 10MHz 8086 only $850.00 $765.00 

KI6BT186A87 A&T with 808 7 option' $1295.00 $1225.00 

KIGBT186C87 CSC with 8087 option* $1550.00 $1456.00 
•8087 Limits clock speed to 5MHz 

DUAL PROCESSOR 8085-8088 

6 or 8 MHz Provides true 16 Bit Power with a standard 

8 bit S-1 00 bus 

KICBT1612A A&T 6Mhz $425.00 $399.00 

KI6BT1612C CSC 6/8 MHz $525.00 $498.00 

CPU-Z Z80 CPU 

2/4 MHz Z80 CPU 24 Bit Addressing 
KIGBT160A A&T $295.00 $280.00 

KI6BT160C CSC 3-6 MHz $395.00 $375.00 




I/O BOARDS 

SYSTEM SUPPORT 1 MULTIFUNCTION BOARD 

Serial port (software prog, baud), 4K EPROM or RAM 

provision, 15 levels of interrupt, real time clock, 

optional math processor 



Part No. 



Description 



List Price 



Oer Price 



KI6BT162A Assembled & Tested $399.00 $360.00 

KI6BT162C CSC $495.00 $460 00 

KIGBTB231 Math Chip $195.00 

KIGBT8232 Math Chip $195.00 

KIGBT162AM1 A&T with 8231 Math Chip $555.00 

KIGBT162CM1 CSC w/8231 Math Chip $655.00 

KI6BT1B2AH2 A&T w/8232 Math Chip $555.00 

KI6BT162CM2 CSC w/8232 Math Chip $655.00 

MPX CHANNEL BOARD 

I/O Multiplexer, using 8085 A-2 CPU on board with 4K RAM 



KIGBT166A4 
KIGBT166C4 

KIGBT166A16 
KISBT166C16 



KI6BT133A 
KIGBT133C 



Assembled & Tested $495.00 

CSC $595.00 

With 16KRAM 

Assembled & Tested $649.00 

CSC $749.00 

INTERFACE!* 1 

Two Serial I/O 

Assembled & Tested $249.00 

CSC $324.00 



$445.00 
$535.00 

$585.00 
$675.00 



$219.00 
$298.00 



$219.00 
$289.00 



$620.00 
$750.00 
$559.00 
$629.00 



INTERFACES 2 

Three parallel, one serial I/O board 
KISBT150A Assembled & Tested $249.00 
KIGBT150C CSC $324.00 

INTERFACER 3 

Eight channel multi-use serial I/O board 
KI6BT1748A Assembled & Tested $699.00 
KIGBT1748C CSC 200 hr. 8 Port $849.00 

KIGBT1745A Assembled & Tested $599.00 
KIGBT1745C CSC 200hr. 5 port $699 00 

tf&P INTERFACER 4 

Three Serial, 1 Parallel, 1 Centronics Parallel 
KIGBT187A Assembled & Tested $350.00 $315.00 

Kl GBT187C CSC $450.00 $415.00 

SPECTRUM COLOR GRAPHICS 

Color Graphics board with Parallel I/O 

KI6BT144A Assembled & Tested $399.00 $349.00 

KI6BT144C CSC $449.00 $339.00 

KIGBT2D Sublogic Universal $35.00 

Graphics Interpreter Software 

S-1 OO MOTHERBOARDS 

Active termination, 6-12-20 Slot 

KIGBT153A A&T 6 slot, 2 lbs. $140.00 $126.00 

KI6BT153C CSC 6 slot, 2 lbs. $190.00 $175.00 

KI6BT154A A&T 12 slot, 3 lbs. $175.00 $155.00 

KI6BT154C CSC 12 slot, 3 lbs. $240.00 $220.00 

KIGBTI55A A&T 20 Slot, 4 lbs. $265.00 $235.00 

KI6BT155C CSC 20 slot, 4 lbs. $340.00 $310.00 

ACTIVE TERMINATOR 

Allows older S-1 00 motherboards to run faster and quieter 
KI6BT106A Assembled & Tested $59.50 



CompuPro 




DISK CONTROLLERS 

DISK 1 FLOPPY CONTROLLER 

Fast DMA Soft Sector. Controls 8 or 5V« " Single or 
Double Density. OUR BEST! 
KIPDBT171ACPM A&Tw/CP/M2.2& BIOS$670.00 



$450.00 

$555.00 
$17500 



KI6BT171C CSC $595.00 

Kt6BTCPM80* CP/M 2 2 forZ80/8085 with 

manuals & BIOS 8" S/Ddisk 
Kl GBTCPM86 CP/M tor 8086 with manuals & $300.00 

BIOS 8" S/D disk 

^£fl\ DISK 2/SELECTOR CHANNEL 

V HARD DISK CONTROLLER 

Fast DMA 2 board set Controls 4 Shugart 4000 series 

or Fujitsu 2300 type drives. Includes CP/M 2 2' 

KIGBT177A Assembled & Tested $795.00 $750.00 

KIGBT177C CSC $895 00 $850.00 



|E SPECIAL PURCHASE 

■ ■i im l ii, l .i s i i,i. l tm 64 K S-1 00 Dynamic RAM 

• IEEE S-1 00 compatible • 2 or4MHz • Supports Imsai-type 
front panels • Processor transparent refresh with both Z80 and 
8080 systems • Jumper selectable Phantom input • All ICs in 
sockets • Any 16K block can be made bank independent • Fully 
buffered address and data lines • Board configuration with reliable 
Berg Jumpers • Full Factory Warranty 

KICCS20653 LIST PRICE: $350.00 

SALE $249.00 Each - or 4 for $880.00!! 





5" DISKETTES! 

SOFT SECTOR 

40 TRACK SINGLE SIDED 

D00BLE DENSITY WITH 

HDD REINFORCING RINGS 

PKG. OF 10 $10.05 

BONUS 1 . 

FREE! KASSETTE 10 

LIDRARY CASE WITH 
PACKAGE OF 10 DISKETTES 

A $4.25 VALUE r«t u. mmhud 

KIPIIIM0 package ot 80 less Library Case SIM.00 

KIMHS0 package ol 10 8" S.SVDD Diskettes no sleeves $20 00 
lm«i pictatw mo p 

® SANYO 



FCC CLASS 2 
APPROVED 
DATA DISPLAY 
MONITORS 

SPECIFICATIONS 
Viewing Screen 

Scanning System 
Horizontal Resolution 
Signal Input 




12" diagonal; 75 square inches 

DM2112 P31 phosphor 

525 lines; 60 fields/second; overscan 

600 lines, center 

1 volt p-p composite video; 75 ohms 



BHSYODM2112 
List Price: $160.00 $SALE: $1 1 9.00 

OTHER SANYO MONITORS ON SALE TOO!! 



Part No. 



Description 



Ust Price SALE 



KISY0VM45OS 

KISTODRM500CX 

KISY00RM01ZC 

KISY00PJ8112CS 

KISY0WIC0013 

KISY0DBW111* 



9"B&W P4, 1 0MHz ( 1 5 lbs ) $21 5 00 
9'Green. P31. 10MHz (15 lbs) $20000 
12"B&W P4, 18MHz (24 lbs) $250 00 
12"GReen, P31. 18MHz (24 lbs) $260 00 
13" Color, 16x64 (35 lbs) $470.00 

13"R6B Color (35 lbs) $995.00 



Ms used with IBM PC. 



$14900 
$159.00 
$19500 
$19900 
$375.00 
$89500 



Circle 277 on Reader Service card 



PRIORITY ONE ELECTRONICS 



FUJITSU 



from SELLUM 



LETTER DUALITY PRINTERS 




Speed and Unmatched Performance 

Interfaces: e RS232C and Current Loop e Centronics type parallel 
interface e IEEE/488 All are DIP switch selectable 
Personality Pratacals: • NEC5510 e DIABLO 630 • QUMT Sprint 9 • 
IBM Personal Computer e ATARI (Centronics 737). 
Special Features; e Z80 CPU e 12K ROM • Standard 16K Buffer • 
Optional 48K Buffer e 50 - 19 2K baud e Micro-coded alarm different- 
iates error conditions with pulse combinations e Intelligent bi-directional 
printing with logic seeking e Complete word processing features e Self 
test e Auto reprint • Auto clear error e Proportional spacing e 
Supports Automatic justification e Complete Vector plotting routines e 
Sheet feeder mode allows easy interface to most mechanical sheet feeders 
e 6 month warrantee e Quiet - 60db e Front panel forms control e 
Universal power supply 1 15/220V 50/60 Hz 

80 Characters per Second! 

LETTER QUALITY! 
USING THE FUJITSU SP830 



BEST 

BlW 



! «%/ 



Part Na. Description List Price Our Price 

Kl SLMF86 Intelligent Printer $3495.00 $2795.00 

OPTIONS 

Kl SLMF86VFT Vertical forms tractor $200.00 

KISLMF8648K' 48K RAM buffer $300.00 

Call tor pricing on sheet feed options 

*Must be ordered with the printer 

INTERFACE CABLES 

Kl CPAM572 Centronics IBM/NEC Cable $80.00 

Kl SC0B251 RS232C Serial Cable $80.00 

Call for other cables not listed 

SMITH-CORONA TP-1 

LETTER QUALITY - 
ELECTRONIC TEXT 

PRINTER 



$649.00 




KISCMTPS10 

• 12 CPS • 10 CPI • 6LPI • SERIAL INTERFACE 
• 50-1 9.2 K Baud • Friction Feed • 88 Character 
KISCM12625 TP1 Black Milar Ribbon $3.50 

K I SCH 12658 TP1 Black Fabric Ribbon $7.50 

APPLE DISK DRIVES 




Give your APPLE II® a Fourth Dimension — the totally compatible 5 'A" 
drive that takes your system farther, faster. With read/write electronics 
so advanced that reading errors are virtually eliminated. With a track 
zero microswitch that keeps boot and track access smooth and quiet 
With me ability to read halt-track software and up to 143,360 bytes on 
DOS 3.3®. With similar performance on DOS 3.2.1 • Pascal® or CP/M* 
operating systems And, the disk enclosure mates perfectly with APPLE 
cabinetry 

EXTENDED WARRANTY 

Fourth Dimension offers a 1 2 month parts and labor warranty at no 
cost to you! (Gee, this really looks good!) 

KIFDS40A List Price $419.00 SALE: $369.00 

2 or More, only $350.00 each 



KIFDS40AC* APPLE II* Disk Drive Controller 



$115.00 



CD Hayes 



KI0CH0200P 
KIDCH0300P 
KI0CH0100P 
KIDCH2901D 
KIDCH0000P 
KI0CH24O10 



Smartmodem (Sh Wt. 6 lbs.) $279.00 
Chronograph (Sh. Wt 3 lbs.) $249.00 
Micromodem 1 00 (Sh. Wt. 4 lbs.)$399 00 
CP/M* 8" Terminal Program for above 
Micromodem II $37900 

Datacom (PASCAL patch) for above 



$225.00 
$205.00 
$325.00 
$ 25.00 
$29900 
$ 50.00 



FREE TRACTOR AND 
FREE 0KIGRAPH!! 

OKIDATA 

Oi^MMMt. 




mm 



COMPARE OKIDATA'S FEATURES 

TO ANY OTHER PRINTER! 

COMPARE PRIORITY ONE'S PRICES 

TO ANY - THEN DECIDE! 

Don't be fooled by those who try to 

"soak" you for the options 

• BI-DIRECTIONAL-120 CPS* Both Parallel and 1200 

• 9x9 Matrix (Alphanumeric) baud Serial I/O (82 A & 83 A) 

• 6x9or1 2 Matrix for graphics^ Self Test 

• 5,8.3, 10, 16 Characters • Out of Paper Switch 

Per Inch • Friction or Optional Tractor 

• 80CPLo. 10 CPI for 82 A Feed (Tractor Standard on 84) 

• 132 CPL 9 100CPI for • 10 different character sets 
83A & 84 

All three printers feature front panel switch selectable for lengths, 1 lengths 
from 3" to 14" Front or bottom aper loading for up to 4 part forms and tear 
bar All of these features make OKIDATA the best value in low cost printers! 

Part No Description 



Ust Price SALE 



0KIDAT82A w/tractor and graphics $530.00 

0KIDAT83A w/tractor & graphics $750.00 

9600 Baud 2K serial buffer/interface $140.00 
132 col printer parallel interface $ 1095.00 
with graphics and tractor (35 lbs.) 
132 col. printer 9600 baud serial 2 K $ 1250.00 
interface, graphics and tractor (35 lbs) 
Apple Parallel Interface w/Cable $ 75.00 

*Sold only with printer 

COMPARE PRICES!! 



Kl P0B0KI82AT6 
Kl PDB0KI83AT6 
Kl 0KISER2KBF 
Kl 0KI0AT84AP 

KI0KIDAT84AS 

KIMBSAPLWTWC' 





Applied Digital Data Systems Inc. 



SALE! 

Green Screen 

$525.00 

Black & White 
$479.00 



VIEWPOINT - ADDS 

Detachable keyboard, RS232 interface and auxiliary port, 
80 x 24 display, tillable screen. 

KIA00VWPR ADDS 3A. P31 Green Phosphor $699.00 $525.00 
(Shipping Weight 30 lbs.) 

ft TeleVideo 

WORLDS BEST SELLING TERMINAL! 

Extra Memory Pages! 
FREE!! 

KIPDBTLV9252P* $749.00 

•TeleVideo 925 w/free 2nd page 

memory kit. a $95.00 value 1 
KIPDBTLV9504P* $949.00 

•TeleVideo 950 w/free 2nd. 3rd & 
4th page memory kit, $285.00 value 

KITLV910 Sh Wt 43 lbs $599.00 

BEST BUY! 




LiMAA J Mfifti'ififiB Ink it 



SEND $1 .00 TODAY 
FOR THE NEW, FULL COLOR 
SPRING 1982 ENGINEERING 

SELECTION G0IDEI 




PRIORITY 



landon 



Tandon TM-800 Thinline is 
exactly half the size 
of conventional 8" 
floppy disk drives. ^ 




Exactly one-halt the height of any other model. 
Proprietary, high-resolution, read-write heads patented 

by Tandon 
DC. only operation - no AC. required 
Industry standard interface. 
Three millisecond track-to-track access time 
KITNDTM84BI Single Sided $300.00 2 or more 

KITNDTM8482 Double Sided $405.00 2 or more 

KITNDTM8M Manual - not included with drive 



(9 lbs.) 
$370.00 
$485.00 

$ 10.00 



TANDON 5>/4 DRIVES 



KITNDTM1001 Single Sided, 250KB (5 lbs.) $220 00 * ea 

2 or More $200.00 

KITNDTM1002 Double Sided. 500KB $205.00 aa. 

2 or More $270.00 

KITNDTM1003 Single Sided, 500KB $205.00 aa. 

2 or More $270.00 

KITN0TM1004 Double Sided, 1000KB $305.00 aa. 

2 or More $375.00 

KITN0TM5M manual, not included with drive $ 10.00 

Ms used in the IBM PC 

A MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC 




Better Than 

gUME! 
Better Than 
SHUGART! 



8". Double-sided, double-density interchangeable with QUME & Shugart 
KIMITM289463 Sh. Weight 16 lbs. $495.00 

Kl MITM289463 M Manual $ 10.00 

2 or More $475.00 each 




^3- Shugart soir 



Single sided, double density - most popular 8" drive 
KISHU801R $394.90 ea. or 2 or more (16 lbs) for $389.90 
Kl SHUSA801RM Manual for 801 R drives $ 10.00 



m 



INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION, INC. 



OUR BEST!! 




rTMsif i rirfig* 




UNIVERSAL DISK ENCLOSURES 

• Accepts any combination of 8" drives (QUME/Shugart 
80 1R type or V? size Tandon type) • Also accepts hard 
disks • Positive pressure • Optional Disk environment 
monitor shows supply voltage and internal cabinet temp- 
erature • Internal power and data cables provided. 
UNIVERSAL DRIVE CABINET complete with power supply, fan and filter, and 
all internal cables for attachment of two 8" floppy drives 
KIIIIUDE004 Dual Drive Cabinet I Sh Wt 40 lbs) $495 00 $450.00 
KIIIIU0E004 With purchase of two 8" Disk Drives $399.00 

Kl IIIUDE004EM w, Environmental Monitor installed $584 95 $535.00 
Kl IIIUDE004EM With purchase of two 8" Disk Drives $485.00 

K I II IU0E004AU8 Dual Drive cabinet with Aug $73300 $650.00 

mentation power supply module to increase 5V 
supply from 6 amps to 9 amps for use with two 
hard disks or 4 Tandon drives Also includes 
Disk Environment Monitor (45 lbs) 

KIIIIUOERCK 19" Rack Mount kit UDE004 $ 89.95 

THIN THREE DRIVE CABINET complete with power supply, and all internal 
cables for attachment of three thin 8" floppy drives (Tankdon type) One AC 
power connector is also provided for use with full size drive 
KIIIIUOETT Three Drive Cabinet (Sh Wt 35 lbs) $495 00 $450.00 
Kl IIIUDETTTEM with Environmental Monitor installed $584 95 $535.00 



ELECTRONICS 



ISrffcMOfc H 




9161 DEERING AVE • CHATSWORTH, CA 9131 1 SSV 
ORDER TOLL FREE (800) 423-5922 - CA, AK, HI CALL (213) 709-5464 

Terms US VISA. MC. BAC. Check, Money Order, US Funds Only CA residents add 6'/ 2 % Sales Tax MINIMUM PREPAID ORDER $15 00 Include MINIMUM I 
SHIPPING & HANDLING of $3 00 for the first 3 lbs., plus 40C for each additional pound Orders over 50 lbs sent freight collect Just in case, please include your phone | 
number Prices subject to change without notice We will do our best to maintain prices through September. 1 982 Credit Card orders will be charged appropriate freight 
If you haven t received your Spring '82 Engineering Selection Guide, send $1 00 for your copy today 1 Sale prices are for prepaid orders only 



Circle 277 on Reader Service card. 



Peterborough NH 03458 ^ 



Microcomputing® • List of Advertisers 



Reader Service Number 



Page 



273 ABM Products 57 

465 ATV Research 144 

91 Aardvark 80 27 

409 Abacus Software 24 

31 1 Ackerman Digital Systems Inc 34 

494 Advanced Operating Systems 1 50 

249 Alien Group, The 109 

369 Amdek Corporation 4 

464 Amdek Corporation 146 

187 AncieLabs 137 

393 Andra Tech 46 

166 Answer in Computers, Inc 69 

413 Apple Computer, Inc 28 

484 Apple Computer, Inc 148 

401 Arrow Micro Software 24 

402 Arrow Micro Software 28 

319 Artcom Data Services 94 

435 Atari, Inc 96 

220 Austin Computer Technology 31 

87 B&B Electronics 78 

B.C. Micro 114 

• Back Issues 78 

168 Basic Books. Inc 41 

490 Barron Enterprises 151 

131 Bay Technical Associates 53 

417 Behavioral Engineering 26 

326 Bourbon Street Press 99 

444 Broderbund Software, Inc 97 

Burtronix 146 

79 C&S Electronics Mart, Ltd 47 

346 CS.CS 47 

148 CDR Systems, Inc 31 

283 CGRS Microtech 41 

271 CP-M Company 78 

256 CPU Shop, The 122 

466 Cardco, Inc 146 

437 Cavalier Computer 97 

86 Check Mate 107 

80 Check Mate 31 

332 Check-Mate 78 

228 Chicago FM Club 44 

170 Chips & Dale 79 

105 Colonial Data 60 

133 Colonial Data 86 

467 Commodore Business Machines, Inc 138 

90 CompuCover 47 

468 CompuPro Systems 146 

371 CompuServe . . 9 

204 CompuShack 23 

49 Compuview 91 

320 Computer Case Company 65 

18 Computer Design Labs 33 

404 Computer Development, Inc 30 

120 Computer Discount of America 87 

1 10 Computer Peripherals Unlimited 141 

362 Computer Plus 79 

36 Computer Shopper 65 

469 Computer System Associates 140 

227 Computers Wholesale 22 

297 Concord Computer Products 115 

426 Continental Software 28 

292 Coosol, Inc 159 

197 Cornucopia Software 149 

485 Creative Educational Service 148 

406 Creature Computing Software 24 

400 Cross Educational Software 30 

252 Cuesta Systems 47 

356 Curtis Manufacturing Co 53 

63 D/Punch Company 160 

293 Dk N Micro Products 85 

35 Daman 31 

414 Datamost 26 

446 Datamost 96 

431 Datasoft 99 

449 Data Soft, Inc 30 

423 Data Transform Inc 24 

416 Digital Constructs 26 

471 Digital Equipment Corp 138 

• Digital Research Computers 120 

250 Discount Software Group 157 

425 Donald Poling 26 

480 Dynabyte Business Computers 143 



Reader Service Number Page 

60 Eastern House Software 107 

82 Ecosoft 108 

169 Elcomp Publishing, Inc 37 

25 Electronics Center 27 

93 Electronic Specialists, Inc 141 

Encyclopedia for theTRS-80 149 

422 Epic Computer Corp 30, 149 

493 Epyx 150 

78 Expotek 77 

70 Faxscan, Inc 87 

206 Fort Worth Computers 68 

489 Generic Software 151 

22 Gimix, Inc 139 

104 Gosub International, Inc 151 

487 HTLTelemanagement, Ltd 148 

177 H-Scoop 44 

6 H & E Computronics 63 

10 Happy Computer, The 94 

243 Happy Hands 81 

419 Hartley Courseware, Inc 28 

279 IDPCCompany 79 

447 Infocom 99 

433 Innovative Design Software, Inc 96 

128 Innovative Technology 107 

412 Insoft 26 

428 Insoft 28 

• Instant Software, Inc 153, 154 

77 Integrand Research Corp 40 

481 Intellimac, Inc 143 

84 JDR Microdevices, Inc 116-119 

180 J E.S. Graphics 69 

92 JPC Products Company 136 

284 JRT Systems 45 

48 Jade Computer Products 111-113 

41 Jameco Electronics 124, 125 

295 Jim Quinn Computer Division 7 

164 Jimscot, Inc 29 

John Bell Engineering, Inc 43 

483 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 148 

397 Journal of Pascal & Ada 61 

54 Key Software 27 

472 Kraft Systems. Inc 142 

198 LNW Research 56 

355 Leading Edge Products, Inc CIV 

482 Learning Company. The 150 

78 Lifeboat Associates 69 

41 1 Lifetree Software. Inc 30 

427 Link Systems 30 

373 Logical Devices, Inc 57 

316 MFJ Enterprises, Inc 31 

234 Magnolia Microsystems 87 

95 Manx Software Systems 7 

72 Master Electronics, Inc 21 

165 Med Systems Software 149 

308 Micro 80, Inc 61 

216 Microflash Company 47 

309 Micro-Grip, Ltd 69 

Micro Ink, Inc 17 

Micro Instructional, Inc 3 

443 Micro Lab 97 

381 Micro Match 21 

407 Microphys 28 

68 Micro Resources Corp 108 

420 Micro- Sparc, Inc 25 

432 Microsoft Consumer Products 97 

Micro Technical Products 145 

Microcomputing Binders 160 

• Microcomputing Books 131-133 

Microcomputing Dealers 151 

' Microcomputing Moving 141 

• Microcomputing Sales 159 

Microcomputing Shelf Boxes 145 

Microcomputing Subscriptions 35, 107 

144 Midwest Scientific Instruments 18, 19 

255 Miller Microcomputer Services 156 

238 Mini Micro Mart 92, 101 

NEC 17 

473 NEC Information Systems, Inc 140 

• NRI Schools 25 

' Nanos Systems 81 

• National Computer Shows 13 

•This advertiser prefers to be contacted directly. 



n. 



For further information from our advertisers, please use the Reader Service card. 



eac 


ler Service Number 


Pac 


• 


NetronicsR&D Ltd 


93 127 


?86 


Nibble 


55 


415 


Nikon Technical Products 


25 


492 


Omega MicroWare, Inc 


150 


140 


Omnitek Computers International Inc 29 


434 


On- Line Systems 


99 


204 


P.D.S.. Inc 


23 


172 


Pacific Exchanges 


28, 46, 78, 107 


• 


Percom Data Company. Inc 


CII 


19 


Peripherals Unlimited 


105 


266 


Perry Oil & Gas, Inc. 


65 


370 


Personal Computer Age 


161 


303 


Personal Computer Systems 


87 


103 


Pion, Inc 


151 


146 


Pocket Computer Newsletter 


21 


277 


Priority One 


128, 129 


233 


Protecto Enterprises 


87 


305 


Protecto Enterprises 


160 


137 


Quasar Electronics 


73 


44 


Quest Electronics 


123 


495 


RAK Electronics 


148 


390 


R.W Electronics 


14 


74 


R.W. Electronics 


15 


101 


Racet Computes, Ltd 


141 


61 


Radix Technologies 


143 


188 


Rainbow P& P Company 


136 


102 


Rand's, Inc 


47 


71 


Realty Software Company 


79 


132 


68 Micro Journal 


1.. 


421 


S& H Software 


24 


111 


S. Z. Software Systems 


87 


117 


Saturn Systems 


76 


386 


Scientific Software 


4b 


205 


Select ronic! 


126 


375 


Semi Disk Systems 


67 


162 


Seneca Electronics 


146 


359 


Simpliway Products Company 


107 


• 


Sinclair Research Company 


82.83 


436 


Sirius Software Inc 




438 


Sirius Software Inc. 


96 


442 


Sirius Software Inc 


97 


445 


Sirius Software, Inc 


99 


448 


Sirtech 




496 


SmithRick Associates 


150 


• 


Snappware. Inc 


90 


48b 


Sot trend, Inc. 


148 


488 


Software Arts Inc 


148 


302 


Software Connection, The 


45 


491 


Software Publishing Corp 


150 


294 


Software Support 


98 


213 


Sonic Microsystems 


11 


430 


Southern Computer Systems, Inc 


26 


408 


Southwest EdPsych Services, Inc 


to 


361 


Star Micronics Inc 


48.49 


237 


States Computers 


142 


179 


Stellation Two 


84 


181 


Supersoft, Inc. 


150 


474 


Synetix Industries Inc 


144 


475 


Syzygy 


144 


318 


TNW Corp 


53 


189 


Tab Sales Company 


7 


139 


Tech Data Corporation 


31 


241 


Telcon Industries 


147 


476 


Texas Instruments, Inc 


142 


118 


Three G Company, Inc 


57 


477 


Toshiba America, Inc. 


140 


399 


Unified Software Systems 


66 


478 


Vector Graphic, Inc. 


144 


285 


Vespa Computer Outlets 


107 


158 


Vynet Corporation 


47 


403 


WIMS Computer Consulting 


1A 


405 


WIMS Computer Consulting 


n 


• 


Wameco/Mikos, Inc 


121 


• 


Wayne Green Books 


.95 


• 


Wayne Green International 


72 


• 


Weather Satellite 


145 


45 


Winchendon Group, The 


29 


163 


Wintek Corporation 


78 


• 


World Wide Media 


87 


122 


WSR Software Associates 


31 


479 


Zenith Data Systems 


140 



r. 



130 Microcomputing, September 1982 



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A USER GUIDE TO THE UNIX SYSTEM by Jean Yates 
and Rebecca Thomas. Here at last is a clearly written 
book that allows you to use the Unix operating system 
easily, and at a faction of the time it previously took. If 
you're using, evaluating or simply curious about this sys- 
tem, this is your book. BK1242 $15.99 

WORDSTAR MADE EASY by Walter A. Ettlin. Now Word- 
Star is as simple to learn as it is easy to use. This book 
teaches WordStar in 14 easy lessons, saving hours of 
hard work, it comes with a convenient pull-out Command 
Card. BK1 239 $7.95 

INTRODUCTION TO WORD PROCESSING by Hal 

Glatzer. This book explains in plain language what a 
word processor can do, how to use one, how it improves 
productivity— especially in businesses that handle lots 
of words— and how to buy one wisely. No technical 
knowledge required, for all first-time users and those 
considering purchasing a word processor. BK1238 $12.95 



NEW NEW 



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Learn Digital 
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KILOBAUD KLASSROOM— by George Young and Peter 
Stark. Learning electronics theory without practice isn't 
easy And it's no fun to build an electronics project that 
you can't use. Kilobaud Klassroom the popular series 
first published in Kilobaud Microcomputing, combines 
theory with practice. This is a practical course in digital 
electronics. It starts out with very simple electronics 
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your own working microcomputer! 

Authors Young and Stark are experienced teachers, 
and their approach is simple and direct. Whether you're 
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you with a solid background in electronics— and you'll 
own a computer that you built yourself! BK7386 $14.95 



TOOLS ft TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRONICS— by A. A 

Wicks is an easy-to-understand book written for the 
beginning kit-builder as well as the experienced hob- 
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working tools and the chemical aids which are used in 
repair shops. BK7348 $4.95.* 

MICROCOMPUTER DATA COMMUNICATIONS 
SYSTEMS by Frank J. Derfler. This text has a lot of 
good information on message systems and informa- 
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microcomputers. Interesting and informative for the 
beginner, yet a good reference tor the experienced 
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Special Interests 



THE CUSTOM TRS-80 AND OTHER MYSTERIES-by 

Dennis Kitsz. More than 300 pages of TRS-80 customiz- 
ing information. With this book you'll be able to ex- 
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track into a mass storage unit? Individual reverse 
characters? Replace the BASIC ROMs? Make Music? 
High speed, reverse video, Level I and Level II? Fix it if 
it breaks down? All this and much, much more Even if 
you have never used a soldering iron or read a circuit 
diagram, this book will teach you how! This is the 
definitive guide to customizing your 80! BK1218 
$29 95.* 



BASIC FASTER AND BETTER AND OTHER MYS- 
TERIES— by Lewis Rosenfelder. You don't have to 
learn assembly language to make your programs run 
fast. With the dozens of programming tricks and 
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swap screens in the twinkling of an eye, write INKEY 
routines that people think are in assembly language 
and add your own commands to BASIC. Find out how 
to write elegant code that makes your BASIC really 
hum, and explore the power of USR calls BK1221 
$29.95.* 



THE CP/M HANDBOOK (with MP/M)— by Rodnay Zaks 
A complete guide and reference handbook for CP/M — 
the industry standard in operating systems. Step-by- 
step instruction for everything from turning on the 
system and inserting the diskette to correct user 
discipline and remedial action for problem situations. 
This also includes a complete discussion of all ver- 
sions of CP/M up to and including 2.2, MP/M and 
CDOS. BK1187 $14.95.* 

TRS-80 DISK AND OTHER MYSTERIES— by Harvard C 
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The recovery of one lost file is worth the price alone. 
BK1181 $22.50.* 

MICROSOFT BASIC DECODED AND OTHER M YSTER 
IES— by James Farvour. From the company that 
brought you TRS-80 DISK AND OTHER MYSTERIES. 
Contains more than 6500 lines of comments for the dis- 
assembled Level II ROMs and six additional chapters 
describing every BASIC subroutine, with assembly lan- 
guage routines showing how to use them. Flowcharts 
tor all major routines give the reader a real in- 
sight into how the interpreter works. BK1186 $29.50.* 



Introductory 



UNDERSTANDING AND PROGRAMMING MICRO- 
COMPUTERS—A valuable addition to your computing 
library. This two part text includes the best articles that 
have appeared in 73 and Kilobaud Microcomputing 
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microcomputing. Well known authors and well struc- 
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SOME OF THE BEST FROM KILOBAUD/MICRO- 
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have recently appeared in Kilobaud/MICROCOMPUT- 
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systems, CP/M, the 8080/8085/Z80 chips, the ASR-33 
terminal. Data base management, word processing, 
text editors and file structures are covered too. Pro- 
gramming techniques and hardcore hardware con- 
struction projects for modems, high speed cassette 
interfaces and TVTs are also included in this large for- 
mat, 200 plus page edition. BK7311 $10.95.* 



DON'T (or How to Care for Your Computer)— by Rod- 
nay Zaks. In plain language, with numerous illustra- 
tions, this book tells all the do's and don't's of the care, 
preservation and correct operation of the small com- 
puter system. Specific chapters cover each piece of 
hardware and software, as well as safety and security 
precautions and help for problem situations. Have 
your computer work right the first time and keep it 
working. No technical background required. For all 
computer users. BK1237 $11.95. 



YOUR FIRST COMPUTER— by Rodnay Zaks Whether 
you are using a computer, thinking about using one or 
considering purchasing one, this book is indispen- 
sable. It explains what a computer system is, what it 
can do, how it works and how to select various compo- 
nents and peripheral units. It is written in everyday lan- 
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ice and the experienced programmer. (The first edition 
of this book was published under the title "An In- 
troduction to Personal and Business Computing '.) 
BK1191 $8.95* 



MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING TECHNIOUES- 

by Austin Lesea & Rodnay Zaks— will teach you how to 
interconnect a complete system and interface it to all 
the usual peripherals. It covers hardware and software 
skills and techniques, including the use and design of 
model buses such as the IEEE 488 or S-100 BK1037 
$17.95 * 



ttu r4 JC J 

HOBBY 
COIY1PUTERS 





AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS, VOL. 1 
—2nd Edition completely revised. Dedicated to the 
basic concepts of microcomputers and hardware theo- 
ry. The purpose of Volume I is to give you a thorough 
understanding of what microcomputers are. From 
basic concepts (which are covered in detail), Volume I 
builds the necessary components of a microcomputer 
system. This book highlights the difference between 
minicomputers and microcomputers. BK1030 $12.99.* 

THE NEW HOBBY COMPUTERS— This book takes it 
from where Hobby Computers Are Here! leaves off, with 
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miss this tremendous value! BK7340 Only $4.95.* 

AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS, VOL. 

— The Beginner's Book — Written for readers who know 
nothing about computers — for those who have an in- 
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who must live with computers and should know a little 
about them. The first in a series of 4 volumes, this book 
will explain how computers work and what they can do. 
Computers have become an integral part of life and 
society. During any given day you are affected by com- 
puters, so start learning more about them with Volume 
0. BK1 130 $7.95.* 

HOBBY COMPUTERS ARE HERE!— If you want to come 
up to speed on how computers work— hardware and 
software— this is an excellent book. It starts with funda- 
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gramming, along with a couple of TVT construction proj- 
ects, ASCII, Baudot, etc. This book has the highest rec- 
ommendations as a teaching aid. BK7322 $4.95.* 



M 
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B 
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PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 

*Use the order card in this magazine or itemize your order on a separate piece of paper and mail to Microcomputing Book Department • Peterborough NH 03458. Be sure 
to include 'check ordeta.led credit card information. No COD. orders accepted. All orders add $1 .50 for first book, $1 .00 each additional book, $10.00 per book fore.gn a.r- 
mail. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Questions regarding your order? Please write to Customer Service at this address. 



FOR TOLL FREE ORDERING CALL 1-800-258-5473 



Programming 



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B 
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TRS-80 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE-by Hubert S Howe, 
Jr. This book incorporates into a single volume all the 
pertinent facts and information you need to know to 
program and enjoy the TRS-80. Included are clear 
presentations of all introductory concepts, completely 
tested practical programs and subroutines, details of 
ROM and RAM and disk operating systems, plus com- 
prehensive tables, charts and appendices. Suitable for 
the first time user or more experienced users BK1217 
$9.95 * 

INSIDE LEVEL II — For machine language program- 
mers. This is a comprehensive reference guide to the 
Level II ROMs, allowing easy utilization of the 
sophisticated routines they contain. It concisely ex- 
plains set-ups, calling sequences, variable passage 
and I/O routines. Part Tl presents an entirely new com- 
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machine code with the speed and efficiency of a com- 
piler. Special consideration is given to disk systems. 
BK1 183 $15.95 * 

PROGRAMMING THE Z-80— by Rodnay Zaks. Here is 
assembly language programming for the Z-80 present- 
ed as a progressive, step-by-step course. This book is 
both an educational text and a self-contained 
reference book, useful to both the beginning and the 
experienced programmer who wish to learn about the 
Z-80. Exercises to test the reader are included. BK1 122 
$15.95.* 

Z-80 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING-by 

Lance A. Leventhal. This book thoroughly covers the 
Z-80 instruction set, abounding in simple programming 
examples illustrating software development concepts 
and actual assembly language usage. Features in- 
clude Z-80 I/O devices and interfacing methods, as- 
sembler conventions, and comparisons with 8080A/ 
8085 instruction sets and interrupt structure. 
BK1 177 $16.99.* 

PROGRAMMING THE 6502 (Third Edition)— Rodnay 
Zaks has designed a self-contained text to learn pro- 
gramming, using the 6502. It can be used by a person 
who has never programmed before, and should be of 
value to anyone using the 6502. The many exercises 
will allow you to test yourself and practice the con- 
cepts presented. $13.95.* BK1005 

6502 APPLICATIONS BOOK- Rodnay Zaks presents 
practical-application techniques for the 6502 micropro- 
cessor, assuming an elementary knowledge of micropro- 
cessor programming You will build and design your own 
domestic-use systems and peripherals. Self-test exer- 
cises included. BK1006 $12 95.* 




• •. h :i i! •' •• ,. | 
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Mil 
MIf.M Viiti 



NANOS SYSTEM «■ 

REFERENCE CARDS "■■* 
FOR APPLE II, APPLE II PLUS, 
MODELS I, II, III AND 
COLOR COMPUTER 

At last! No more flipping through the pages of the 
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manuals! FEATURES INCLUDE: 
memory map, eyeball graphics, math instructions, 
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Designed as a fold-up, accordion-style card, fits in 
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Model I: Basic only FC1001 $2.95 

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Color: BASIC and Extended FC1006 $4.95 

Apple II: BASIC only FC1007 $3.95 

Apple II: BASIC & 6502 FC1008 $4.95 



6502 



PET/CBM PERSONAL COMPUTER GUIDE-by Adam 
Osborne and Caroll Donahue. REVISED SECOND EDI- 
TION This is the book that will show you what the Com- 
modore PET or CBM can do and how to get yours up 
and running. Designed as a self-teaching BASIC 
tutorial, the book will teach you both BASIC and CBM 
BASIC, yet it assumes no knowledge of computers or 
programming. Included are: complete operating in- 
structions, Description of all PET/CBM BASIC state- 
ments, optimal programming techniques and solutions 
to many programming problems. BK1231 $15.00 

SOME COMMON BASIC PROGRAMS, APPLE II EDI- 
TION— by Lon Poole et al. A powerful collection of fi- 
nancial, statistical, home management and mathemat- 
ics programs — 76 in all — Each program is presented 
with BASIC source code, operating instructions and 
descriptions. If you're a beginning programmer you 
can learn from this book what well designed and 
documented programs look like. BK1232 $14.95 



UNDERSTANDING YOUR VIC VOL. 1BASIC PROGRAM 
MING — by David Schultz. For the beginning VIC pro- 
grammer—this book is full of examples and exercises 
(with expected results included as immediate feedback) 
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BK1234 $11.95. 

6502 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING-by 

Lance A. Leventhal. This book provides comprehen- 
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language. Leventhal covers over 80 programming ex- 
amples from simple memory load loops to complete 
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ventions, input/output devices and interfacing 
methods and programming the 6502 interrupt system 
BK1 176 $16.99.* 



THE APPLE II USER'S GUIDE-by Lon Poole, Martin 
McNiff, and Steven Cook. This guide is the key to 
unlocking the full power of your Apple II or Apple II 
Plus. Topics include: "Applesoft and Integer BASIC 
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Well organized and easy to use. BK1220 $15.00.* 



Cook Books 




CMOS COOKBOOK — by Don Lancaster Details the 
application of CMOS, the low power logic family 
suitable for most applications presently dominated by 
TTL. Required reading for every serious digital ex- 
perimenter! BK1011 $10.50.* 

TTL COOKBOOK — by Don Lancaster. Explains what 
TTL is, how it works, and how to use it. Discusses 
practical applications, such as a digital counter 
and display system, events counter, electronic stop- 
watch, digital voltmeter and a digital tachometer 
BK1063$9.50.* 

TVT COOKBOOK— by Don Lancaster. Describes the 
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ter generation, cursor control and interface informa- 
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BK 1064 $9.95.* 



68000/6809 



6609 MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND IN- 
TERFACING— by Andrew C Staugaard, Jr. Getting in- 
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exploit the awesome power or the machine's 6809 mi- 
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movement, arithmetic logic operations, I/O and inter- 
facing is provided, as well as a review section at the 
end of each chapter Four appendices are included 
covering the 6809 instruction set, specification sheets 
of the 6809 family of processors, other 6800 series 
equipment and the 6809/6821 Peripheral Interface 
Adapter This book is a must for the serious Color Com- 
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Basic & Pascal 



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INTRODUCTION TO PASCAL— by Rodnay Zaks. A 
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B 
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•Use the order card in this magazine or itemize your order on a separate piece of paper and mail to Microcomputing Book Department • Peterborough NH 03458. Be sure 
to include ?check ^?det a i lid credit card information. No COD. orders accepted. All orders add $1 .50 for first book.ll .00 each additional book, $10.00 per book fore.gn air- 
mail. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Questions regarding your order? Please write to Customer Service at this address. 



FOR TOLL FREE ORDERING CALL 1-800-258-5473 



BOOK REVIEWS 



Edited by Lise Markus 



Pascal for Engineers and Scientists 
Master Apple Machine Language 
PET Games, Games, Games 
Playing the Market 
Definitely Not for Dilettantes 



Pascal Programs for 
Scientists and Engineers 

Alan R. Miller 
Sybex, 1981 
2344 Sixth St. 
Berkeley, C A 947 10 
Paperback, 374 pp., $16.95 



This book shows how far the micro- 
computer industry has come from its 
game-playing origins; Miller leads us 
through the mazes of Gauss-Jordan elim- 
inations, Shell-Metzner sorts and the 
Romberg method instead of exposing us 
to caves, dragons or alien invaders. It is 
an important addition to the growing 
group of publications which help micro- 
computer owners take full advantage of 
the capabilities of these remarkable 
devices. The special advantages of Pascal 
for development and maintenance of 
complex programs are well illustrated. 
The book is not for absolute beginners 
(unless you are content to copy and use 
programs without making any adapta- 
tions for your own use), but it makes an 
excellent complement to an introductory 
book such as Luehrmann and Peckham's 
Apple Pascal— A Hands-On Approach. 
(For a review of this book see Micro- 
computlng, April 1982. p. 180.) 

Among the best features of the book 
are the many clear examples of top-down 
programming, a widely cited advantage 
of Pascal. Time and again, Miller takes 
the reader through derivation of the 
equations on which a program is based, 
writes a simple version which is quite 
easy to understand but does not give the 
desired precision, capacity, etc., and 
then goes on to progressively more com- 
plex versions with additional features. 
Anyone who works through these pro- 
grams will learn a lot about program- 
ming in general and Pascal in particular. 
People in a hurry can just enter the final 
versions and still get their money's worth. 

My initial impression of the book was 
that the title is backwards; it seems to be 

134 Microcomputing, September 1982 



written for engineers first and scientists 
second. Nevertheless, scientists who 
make extensive use of simultaneous 
equations and complex curve fitting 
should find it useful, at least in some 
parts. 

Like the other Sybex books I have seen, 
it is very well produced; the type is clear, 
easy to read and well spaced. The pro- 
grams are the easiest to read and enter 
that I have ever seen. Typesetting 
doesn't usually merit comment, but it is 
really quite remarkable in Miller's book, 
and it is certainly much better than in 
most programming books. 

The programs in the book are written 
in Standard Pascal; this has some advan- 
tages and some disadvantages. The pro- 
grams can be used on any computer 
which has a Pascal implementation, but 
they can't take advantage of special fea- 
tures (such as graphics) which make 
some versions of the language so attrac- 
tive. I think the use of Standard Pascal 
was a wise choice, and Miller has been 
very careful to make as clear as possible 
the ways in which various extensions of 
the language might be utilized. The gen- 
erality of Miller's approach is shown by 
the first chapter which presents pro- 
grams for evaluating the limitations of 
various Pascal compilers, and program- 
ming approaches to bypass some com- 
piler deficiencies are specified. It's hard 
to imagine a Pascal implementation with 
which this book could not be used. 

The second chapter deals with simple 
mean and standard deviation calcula- 
tions and random number generations. A 
chapter on vector and matrix operations 
leads logically into solution of simulta- 
neous equations, and this is followed by a 
chapter on linear curve fitting. (This 
chapter is enhanced by a rather clever 
procedure for simulating curve plots us- 
ing a conventional printer; the 80-char- 
acter resolution is clearly not suitable for 
publications, but it does give a good idea 
of how well the curve fits the points.) Sub- 
sequent chapters deal with sorting of nu- 
merical data (bubble, Shell-Metzner and 
quick sorts are covered), advanced curve 



fitting and equation solving, and numeri- 
cal integration of the area under a curve 
by several methods (trapezoidal rule, 
Simpson's Integration and the Romberg 
method). Finally, two approaches to non- 
linear curve-fitting equations are pre- 
sented, and the last chapter includes ad- 
vanced applications such as calculation 
of normal distribution curves and the 
Gaussian, Gamma and Bessel functions. 
A useful appendix includes a summary of 
the major features of Standard Pascal 
and a brief bibliography precedes the 
rather limited index. 

From my point of view, the only impor- 
tant deficiency in the book is its lack of 
statistical programs. Only mean and 
standard deviation calculations are pre- 
sented. For my fellow biomedical scien- 
tists, an additional chapter including 
standard error calculations, t tests, anal- 
ysis of variance, etc., would have en- 
hanced the usefulness of this attractive 
book. My advice to prospective purchas- 
ers is to spend a few minutes in your local 
computer store looking over the book to 
see if it fits your needs. If it does, buy it; 
you certainly won't have any trouble fol- 
lowing, entering or using the programs. 

James R. Florin! 

Syracuse, NY 



Apple Machine Language 

Don Inman and Kurt Inman 

Reston Publishing Company. Inc.. 1981 

Reston, VA 22090 

Paperback. 224 pp., $12.95 

Many computer hobbyists avoid ma- 
chine-language programming. Con- 
vinced that it is too difficult to master, 
they leave machine language alone and 
work with high-level languages such as 
Basic or Pascal. 

Apple Machine Language explains 
programming in the Apple's native 
tongue in a clear and understandable 
manner. It guides the reader from Basic, 



through the monitor program, and final- 
ly to the Apple mini-assembler. Each seg- 
ment of the book is filled with numerous 
examples. 

The book is divided into twelve chap- 
ters and three appendices. It's well or- 
ganized and reveals careful and thought- 
ful planning. It covers fairly advanced 
topics as well, such as binary and BCD 
mathematical methods, multiple byte 
arithmetic and two's complement repre- 
sentation. Practical uses for the various 
techniques are given in graphics, arith- 
metic and game examples. 

Exercises are given at the end of each 
chapter. These are helpful in determin- 
ing if the preceding information was 
learned correctly. Answers to the exer- 
cises are provided as well. Though the 
book is intended for use by an individual, 
it can easily be adapted for a classroom 
situation. 

In order to get the most out of Apple 
Machine Language, it would help to 
know something about Basic and be fa- 
miliar with the Apple II computer. With- 
out a bit of prior knowledge, some things 
in the book might be a bit confusing. 

Since the book uses the Apple mini-as- 
sembler, it is not possible to do many of 
the examples on an Apple II Plus without 
the Integer Basic card. This is because 
the mini-assembler, step and trace, and 
Sweet 16 interpreter are located in the In- 
teger Basic ROMs. The book is written as- 
suming the user has both Integer and Ap- 
plesoft Basic available, although all ex- 
amples are given in Applesoft Basic. 

Apple Machine Language is a very 
good introduction to machine and as- 
sembly language. It removes the mys- 
tique that surrounds programming in 
zeros and ones, and makes it understand- 
able, practical and rewarding. 

Robert Swirsky 
Cedarhurst, NY 



PET Games and Recreations 

Mac Oglesby, Len Lindsay and 
Dorothy B. Kunkin 
Reston Publishing Co., Inc., 1981 
Reston, VA 22090 
Paperback, 256 pp., $9.95 

PET Games and Recreations contains 
program listings for twenty simple 
games and a tongue-in-cheek discussion 
of PET programming techniques. The 
programs provided are intended for use 
with both new and old versions of the 
Commodore PET/CBM computers. Most 
of the programs make use of PET's effec- 
tive but limited screen graphics capabili- 
ties. Do not expect any exotic graphics 
from these programs. 

The collection of games includes sever- 
al simple games designed and/or revised 
for use with the PET. They have been 
separated into four categories — games of 



chance like In Between, plan-ahead 
games like Tic Tac Toe and Brainbuster, 
reasoning games that include the classic 
Hurkle, and language and counting skills 
games such as Crossword Puzzle. 

It is strange that two types of games 
that are best suited to PET's limited 
graphics capabilities are not represented 
in this book. Real-time action games (like 
Pong or Breakout) and Adventure games 
that are entertaining but use few graph- 
ics are absent. 

Six recreational project programs that 
do provide entertaining activities using 
bouncing balls and other animation com- 
plete the program selection of the book. 

The last chapter is a frivolous discus- 
sion of some unusual PET programming 
techniques, added almost as an after- 
thought. 

Each of the program listings is intro- 
duced with a commentary about game 
background. The program listings repro- 
duced in the book were printed using a 
NEC Spinwriter. This method provides 
clear, legible print and should insure ac- 
curate program listings. 

It took about an hour to input the list- 
ing of In Between. Two hours of debug- 
ging and getting the graphics to look 
right followed. I discovered that it is diffi- 
cult to count spaces and interpret graph- 
ic symbols correctly, even from the Spin- 
writer listing. I also noted that a few lines 
of the In Between listing are not repro- 
duced as intended. Lines 25216, 25219 
and 25264 use spaces instead of the 
backspace character (*-). The symbol for 
this character is supposed to be a tilde CM 
according to the introduction in the text. 

At least nine of the programs contained 
in the book are available on a single cas- 
sette tape from Reston Publishers Soft- 
ware, 1 1480 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, 
VA 22090. My experience indicates that 
this tape may be worthwhile, especially if 
you are interested in more than a few of 
the games included in PET Games and 
Recreations. 

An investment in PET Games and Rec- 
reations should be worthwhile if you 
have never modified any of the many 
games available in the public domain to 
run with PET graphics. 

S.J. Gradijan 
Carrollton, TX 



Playing the Stock & Bond 
Markets with Your 
Personal Computer 

L. R. Schmeltz 

Tab Books Inc., 1981 

Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214 

Paperback, 308 pp., $9.95 

L. R. Schmeltz says his book is aimed 
at relative novices — in regard to both 
computer programming and stock mar- 
ket knowledge. His aim is accurate. Ex- 



perienced programmers and investors 
probably will learn little. But if you are in- 
deed a novice in both areas, you should 
get a reasonable return on your ten 
dollars. 

The programs included are in Basic, 
specifically Applesoft. Suggestions for 
converting to other Basics are included, 
but fall far short of hitting the mark, at 
least as compared to Microsoft Basic. 
Don't do what I did, namely type in the 
first long program with the thought of do- 
ing the rework on the screen. I ended up 
with seven pages of Basic code— over 300 
lines— which I abandoned before getting 
it to run. 

I'm a sucker for trying programs. I 
always figure I'll learn something even if 
I have no particular use for a specific pro- 
gram. And such was the case here. "Fun- 
damental Analyst" uses both sequential 
and random files, a personal weak point. 
Great learning stuff, I thought. Well I 
learned all right. I can now use, at least 
hesitantly, Microsoft's file systems— but 
they're so different from Apple's I would 
have had to completely redo Schmeltz 's 
program. And I didn't really want that 
particular program that badly. 

"Fundamental Analyst" requests 17 
pieces of financial data on each of three 
companies. The data was difficult to col- 
lect, in that I needed an annual report, 
Value Line Investment Survey reports 
and current newspapers to amass them. 
And I still had question marks on some 
items. Current assets and liabilities, 
sure. But year end inventory? Par value 
of preferred stock? And annual reports 
are just that— annual. Getting truly cur- 
rent data would be an almost impossible 
chore, certainly if any number of firms 
were to be examined. 

The data was used to calculate various 
financial ratios, such as operating profit 
margin, current ratio, and sales to fixed 
assets. Many of the results might be bet- 
ter found in Standard and Poor data 
sheets or from the Value Line service 
(available in libraries if you don't want to 
spend the $300 a year). 

The second program is "Stock Trend 
Analyst," which calculates a moving av- 
erage over a period of time. Again, a ma- 
jor data problem if you want to look at 
one stock one day and several others the 
next day. Still, getUng the program up I 
and running will add to the skills of a non- 
professional programmer. 

The final program is "Dollar Cost Aver- 
aging Analyst," which simply keeps 
track of shares and share prices of a stock 
you buy on a dollar-averaging basis (that 
is, buying a constant dollar amount of 
stock at fixed intervals). The theory is you 
buy fewer shares when the price is high, 
more when the price is low, and your 
average price is thus reasonable. Such an 
investment program is most easily expe- 
dited when buying mutual fund shares, a 
procedure that clearly negates the need 
for a computer program to follow the re- 

Microcomputing, September 1982 135 



suits. But again, by getting the program 
up and running you'll end up a bit 
smarter. 

What about the stock investment ad- 
vice generally? Not bad. It's very basic, 
and my favorite approach is not dis- 
cussed (select an industry group, then 
select the best-looking stock within that 
group). Apart from a mildly distracting 
habit of using too many exclamation 
points (one is too many — two or three on 
a page is downright irritating), Schmeltz 
offers advice which is quite sound. 

For investment novices, I would sug- 
gest first reading the classic How to Buy 
Stocks by Louis Engel (a Bantam paper- 
back). This is the beginner's bible, fre- 
quently given to investors if they buy 
through a full-service broker. 

Schemltz includes an extensive bibli- 
ography, a glossary of computer terms, a 
handy glossary of investment terms, a 
list of additional information sources and 
a very interesting 18-page listing of com- 
mercially available investment programs 
— including an expanded package of his 
own, for Apple, of course. 

The listings are large and clear. The 
few charts and tables are also clear but 
the photos are inexcusably muddy. 

Is the book worth buying? Yes, for Ap- 
ple users who would like to get some 
more programming practice while learn- 
ing something about investment in com- 
mon stocks. For non-Apple users, prob- 



ably not. Schmeltz uses the Applesoft 
POKE graphics command to format the 
output to the screen— very unlike Micro- 
soft use. And the awkwardness of the rest 
of the formatting commands will irritate 
those whose Basic offers print using 
(Schmeltz accurately notes how much 
neater the program could be with print 
using). Yes, conversion is possible, but at 
the cost of a lot of work— more than I was 
willing to do. 

Although I personally found the pro- 
grams themselves to be of marginal in- 
terest, I believe there are definite benefits 
to be gained from the book— you'll learn 
something about stock market invest- 
ment and get some forced-draft practice 
in Applesoft. 

DexHart 
Miami, FL 



Interfacing to S-IOO/IEEE 
696 Microcomputers 

Sol Libes and Mark Garetz 
Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1981 
630 Bancroft Way 
Berkeley, CA 94710 
Paperback, 340 pp., $15.99 

Interfacing to S-100/IEEE 696 Micro- 
computers is exactly what the title im- 



plies—it's the complete book on the phi- 
losophy, technique and methods of con- 
necting any and all devices to the S-100 
bus. There is virtually nothing that is left 
out of this work. 

The book is not intended for the casual 
game dilettante or even the serious busi- 
ness programmer. The reader will need 
to have a thorough knowledge of elec- 
tronics, including digital theory. The 
book assumes you understand digital 
logic functions, how to use TTL integrat- 
ed circuits, how to read schematics and 
how to translate a schematic into a work- 
ing circuit board. A basic knowledge of 
computer hardware is a must, and the 
ability to program in assembly language 
is an absolute necessity. 

The book is marvelous. Everything 
you want to know about S-100 interfac- 
ing is in the book, including theory, spe- 
cific hardware and circuits, and applica- 
tions software both in flowchart form and 
actual assembly listings. The reader may 
have to dig a little to find the circuits he 
needs for his own application, but rest as- 
sured, they're in there. All he has to do is 
put them together. However, I must cau- 
tion you— only the interface is discussed 
in the book, the peripherals themselves 
are not covered. 

The text begins with a complete de- 
scription of S-100 bus signals. The 
IEEE-696 standard is used as the basis of 



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136 Microcomputing, September 1982 






all the discussions, as this standard has 
become the yardstick against which all 
S-lOO systems are measured. For those 
who still use the older buses, a compari- 
son of a few of the other definitions are 
given, as well as the IEEE-696 standard. 
The book defines the function, polarity, 
whether active high or active low, sym- 
bol, and timing relationships for all 100 
lines on the S-100 bus. There is even a 
section on proper termination of the indi- 
vidual lines. 

There is an entire chapter on the tim- 
ing relationships for the signals on the 
bus, and how they apply to various pur- 
poses and applications. Complete dia- 
grams of the signals and their relative 
timing are given. Anyone who has ever 
tried to design a circuit board for any bus 
will appreciate this section. 

The text shows all the circuits needed 
to derive all sorts of chip enable signals 
from the bus lines. The circuits for mem- 
ory read and write, I/O transfers, wait 
states, buffers and many others are 
shown in detail. There is a discussion of 
address decoders, a full list of memory 
chips, and how to make both RAM (ran- 
dom access memory) and ROM (read only 
memory) boards using many of the popu- 
lar RAM and EPROM chips. 

Input and output is the most common 
use of interfacing to any computer. The 
book covers it well and in great detail. 



There is a complete discussion of I/O 
ports, I/O mapping, memory mapping 
and handshaking. We see at every turn 
the specific circuits and chips to be used. 
Both parallel and serial interfacing are 
covered, with several methods of doing 
each with many of the popular interfac- 
ing chips, including the popular 6820, 
8255 and 6520. The short section on 
handshaking is written as clearly as I 
have ever seen it done. 

There is an entire chapter on the haz- 
ards and pitfalls (with solutions) of inter- 
facing to the real world. Unfortunately, it 
leaves off much of the theory of ADCs and 
DACs, but a complete treatment of these 
subjects can (and has) taken an entire 
book all by itself. 

The serious computer enthusiast or 
technician will find the chapter on inter- 
rupt techniques very useful. There is also 
a whole chapter on timers and counters, 
which every person who uses microcom- 
puters in scientific applications will find 
indispensable. 

For the hobbyist, experimenter, tech- 
nician or scientific user, the last chapter 
is one called simply, Useful Circuits, 
which is a glorious hodgepodge of little 
tricks of the trade. 

There is, naturally, a collection of full 
appendices. 

Whenever I write a book review, I al- 
ways try to be even-minded about the 



book. I try to list an equal number of good 
and bad qualities. I ran into trouble with 
this work. I'm afraid that my list of short- 
comings boils down to just a few picky lit- 
tle items. Those qualities are entirely 
concerned with some of the notation 
used in the text and the diagrams. My 
complaint is that the notation is not stan- 
dard. Instead of drawing in pull-up resis- 
tors, they are represented by a diamond 
shape in the line they are supposed to 
pull up. A group of 8 or 16 wires all travel- 
ing to and from the same place is repre- 
sented by a single line with the number of 
wires above it. In the text, and also in 
some drawings, active-low lines, instead 
of being represented by the mnemonic 
with a bar over it, are noted as the mne- 
monic with an asterisk in front of it. 
There is nothing wrong with this nota- 
tion — it just takes a little getting used to, 
and could be confusing to someone not as 
well initiated in the finer points of elec- 
tronic theory. I personally would have 
preferred the standard notations. 

The S-100 bus has endured well. For 
those who want more from their S-100 
computer than they can afford to buy, or 
for those who want to tinker with their 
machines and try to build peripherals or 
memory for it, this book gets my highest 
recommendation . 

Gordon W. Wolfe 
Metairie, LA 



Circle 187 on Reader Service card. 





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Microcomputing, September 1982 137 



NEW PRODUCTS 



Edited by Linda Stephenson 



More from 

Commodore 

A wide range of computers 
has been introduced by Com- 
modore Business Machines, 
Inc., The Meadows, 487 
Devon Park Drive, Wayne, PA 
19087. For games-and- 
graphics enthusiasts, the Max 
Machine is an inexpensive 
game machine with limited 
programming capability. It is 
built around the new 6510 
microprocessor chip, and pro- 
duces 16-color graphics. Us- 
ing a special sound interface 
device, the Max can generate 
three voices with a nine- 
octave range; programmable 
ADSR, programmable filter 
and variable resonance are 
available for high-quality 
sound. Price is $179.95. At 
the high end of the range, the 
BX256 is a multiprocessor 
computer for professional 
users. This 256K-byte micro 
features an 8088 16-bit pro- 
cessor for CP/M-86 com- 
patibility. An attached 
80-column green phosphor 
screen and built-in dual disk 
drives provide an efficient 
business package. The 
BX256 costs $2995. 

Commodore is also offering 
the PI 28 and B128 6509- 



based microcomputers. Both 
come with 128K RAM (ex- 
pandable to 256K), and both 
can be used for sound synthe- 
sis. The PET PI 28 interfaces 
with a color monitor or TV to 
display 16-color high-resolu- 
tion graphics; it costs $995. 
The Commodore B128 in- 
cludes an adjustable 80-col- 
umn display screen, detach- 
able keyboard and dual 
drives; price is $1695. 

The Commodore 64 is an in- 
teresting hybrid, designed for 
versatility. It can use VIC 20 
peripherals, and runs many 
programs and files written for 
PET and CBM computers. 
With the addition of an 
IEEE-488 cartridge, the Com- 
modore 64 can run other 
Commodore peripherals, in- 
cluding CBM disk drives and 
printers. A PET emulator 
makes it operate like a PET in 
many respects, and a Z-80 
add-on processor board turns 
the Commodore 64 into a 
CP/M machine. The basic con- 
figuration costs $595. Reader 
Service number 467. 



DEC Micros 

Digital Equipment Corp., 
Maynard, MA 01754, has in- 




Digital Equipment Corp.'s Rainbow 100 personal computer. 
The LA50 dot matrix printer, shown at left, is one of three 
printer options. 



troduced a new series of mod- 
ular microcomputers. 

The Rainbow 100 runs both 
eight-bit and 16-bit software; 
the machine is designed to au- 
tomatically read programs in 
either format without the 
need for operator interven- 
tion. Its CP/M-86/80 operating 
system makes it compatible 
with the widest possible vari- 
ety of off-the-shelf software. It 
can be used as a stand-alone 
unit or be interfaced with 
DECmate, PDP-11 or other 
large systems. The Rainbow 
100 has a detached low-profile 
keyboard, a standard 12-inch 
monitor, dual floppy disk 




The Commodore Max Machine. 
138 Microcomputing, September 1982 



storage, 64K bytes of ran- 
dom-access memory, I/O 
ports and self-test diagnos- 
tics. It costs $3245; upgrades 
are available. 

The DECmate II is a multi- 
purpose stand-alone system 
targeted primarily for office 
management. It features an 
advanced word processing 
software package, and can be 
linked to other computers via 
communications software. It 
runs COS-310 operating sys- 
tem and DIBOL programming 
language. Price is $3745. 

The Professional series, 
comprising the Professional 
350 and 325 microcomput- 
ers, features the PDP-11/23 
CPU chip, 256K bytes of 
memory and true multitask- 
ing operating system. The 
325's 19-inch-wide system 
contains the processor, power 
supply, communications 
ports and dual five-inch flop- 
py disk drives. The 350s 
wider unit also contains space 
for an optional Winchester 
drive. The Professional 325 is 
priced at $3995; the Profes- 
sional 350 is $4995. The Win- 
chester option costs $3500. 
Other options are available. 
Reader Service number 471. 



Small-Business 
Computer 

Centered around the CP/M 
operating system, the T100 



2M HZ 6809 SYSTEMS 

GIMIX offers you a variety to choose from! 

38 MB WINCHESTER SYSTEM $17,498.99 



HARDWARE FEATURES: 

• 2MHz 6809 CPU 

• 512KB Static RAM 

• 8 RS232C Serial Ports 

• 2 Parallel Ports 
SOFTWARE FEATURES: 

• OS-9 LEVEL TWO Multi-User 
Operating System 



• DMA Double Density Floppy Disk Controller 

• Dual 8" DSDD Floppy Disk System 

• Dual Winchester Subsystem with 
Two19 MB 5 1 /4" Winchester Drives 

• OS-9 Text Editor 

• OS-9 Assembler 



• OS-9 Debugger 

19 MB WINCHESTER SYSTEM $8998.09 



• 4 RS232C Serial Ports 

• 1 MB 5 1 /4" Floppy Disk Drive 

• DMA Double Density Floppy Disk Controller 

• OS-9 Debugger 

• OS-9 Assembler 



HARDWARE FEATURES: 

• 128K Static Ram 

• 2MHz6809 CPU 

• 19 MB 5 1 /4" Winchester DMA Subsystem 
SOFTWARE FEATURES: 

• OS-9 LEVEL TWO Multi-User 
Operating System 

• OS-9 Text Editor 

128KB MULTI-USER SYSTEM $6997.39 

HARDWARE FEATURES: 

• 2MHz 6809 CPU • 2 RS232C Serial Ports 

• DMA Double Density Floppy Disk Controller • Dual 8" DSDD Floppy Disk System 

• 128KB Static Ram 

SOFTWARE FEATURES: Your choice of either UniFLEX or OS-9 LEVEL TWO. Both are Unix-like 
Multi-User/ Multi-Tasking Operating Systems. 

56KB FLEX/OS-9 "SWITCHING" SYSTEM $4148.49 

HARDWARE FEATURES: 

• 2MHz 6809 CPU • DMA Double Density Floppy Disk Controller 

• 56K Static Ram • 2 Built-in 5 1 /4" 40tr DSDD Disk Drives 

• 2 RS232C Serial Ports (80 Track DSDD Drive Option . . add $400.00) 
SOFTWARE FEATURES: 

• GMXBUG monitor — FLEX Disk Operating System 

• OS-9 LEVEL ONE Multi-tasking operating system for up to 56K of memory 



WINCHESTER SUBSYSTEMS 



Winchester packages are available for upgrading current GIMIX 6809 systems equipped with DMA controllers, at least one 
floppy disk drive, and running FLEX, OS-9 LEVEL ONE or OS-9 LEVEL TWO. The packages include one or two 19MB (unformat- 
ted) Winchester drives, DMA Hard Disk Interface, and the appropriate software drivers. The Interface can handle two 5 1 /4" 
Winchester Drives, providing Automatic Data Error Detection and Correction: up to 22 bit burst error detection and 1 1 bit burst 
error correction. 

Dual drives can be used together to provide over 30 MBytes of on line storage -- or use one for back-up of the other. (More 
convenient and reliable than tape backup systems. 

#90 includes one 19MB Drive, Interface, and Software $4288.90 

#91 includes two 19MB Drives, Interface, and Software $6688.91 

Contact GIMIX for systems customized to your needs or for more information. 
50 HZ Export Versions Available 



GIMIX Inc. reserves the right to change pricing and product 
specifications at any time without further notice. 

GIMIX'* and GHOST- are registered trademarks of GIMIX Inc. 

FLEX and UniFLEX are trademarks of Technical Systems Consultants Inc. 

OS-9 is a trademark of Microware Inc 



1337 WEST 37th PLACE 

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(312)927-5510 

TWX 910-221-4055 



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1982 GIMIX Inc. 



Circle 22 on Reader Service card. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 1 39 




The T100, Toshiba's personal computer, is available with a 
variety of hardware and software options. 



personal computer is aimed at 
operators of small businesses. 
The T100 boasts three stan- 
dard memory units, up to 1M 
external floppy disk memory, 
several input/output video 
screen arrangements and 
high-resolution color graph- 
ics. For main memory, the 
T100 uses a 64K-byte RAM; it 
also uses a 32K-byte ROM for 
Basic language and a 16K 
RAM for video. Optional RAM 
and ROM packs offer the flexi- 
bility of easily transporting 
files and programs between 
home and office machines. 
The basic configuration costs 

$2485. 

Toshiba America, Inc., In- 
formation Systems Division, 
2441 Michelle Drive, Tustin, 
CA 92680. Reader Service 
number 477. 



NEC Advanced PC 

The Advanced Personal 
Computer, from NEC Infor- 
mation Systems, Inc., 5 Mili- 
tia Drive, Lexington, MA 



02173, is based on the 16-bit 
8086 microprocessor. This 
128K-byte micro runs 
CP/M-86. The APC comes in 
two versions — color and 
monochrome. The mono- 
chrome model includes a sin- 
gle 1M eight-inch floppy disk 
drive and a green-screen mon- 
itor; price is $3298. The color 
model has two disk drives and 
a high-resolution monitor 
that can display eight-color 
graphics; it costs $4998. 
Reader Service number 473. 



The Micro 68000 

The Micro 68000, from 
Computer Systems Associ- 
ates, Inc., is a self-contained 
trainer/prototyping system 
for engineers and technicians. 
It comes with a 6 A switching 
power supply, 20-key key- 
board, 28-digit hexadecimal 
display, 80-bit binary display 
and keyboard monitor pro- 
gram. The Micro is the only 
trainer that allows direct en- 
try of machine code. 




NEC Information Systems' Advanced Personal Computer. 
140 Microcomputing, September 1982 




Computer System Associates' Micro 68000 trainer system. 



The Micro 68000 comes 
with a copy of 68000 Assem- 
bly Language Programming 
Book (Osborne-McGraw-Hill) 
and 16 Bit Microprocessor 
Users Manual. Price is $985. 

Computer System Associ- 
ates, Inc., 7562 Trade St., San 
Diego, CA 92121. Reader Ser- 
vice number 469. 



Zenith's 8/16 
Machine 

A new series of desk-top 
computers was introduced by 
Zenith Data Systems, 1000 
Milwaukee Ave., Glenview, IL 
60025. The Z100 series in- 



cludes both eight-bit and 
16-bit microprocessors, a five- 
slot S-100 bus, 128K bytes of 
RAM and an integral key- 
board. Eight-color graphics 
enhance its value as a design 
tool. Digital or RGB output is 
standard. The basic Z-100 in- 
cludes one disk drive and 
costs $3249. The low-profile 
Z- 1 10 includes two drives and 
also has monochrome compo- 
site video output; price is 
$3999. The Z-120 incor- 
porates a 12-inch green phos- 
phor screen, and costs $4099. 
Zenith also offers a high-reso- 
lution RGB color monitor for 
$699. Reader Service number 
479. 




The low-profile Z 100 computer from Zenith Data Systems. 



Circle 93 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 1 10 on Reader Service card 



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socket banks & Oversize Spike Suppression; for the larger system in 
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Circle 101 on Reader Service card. 

Give Your TRS-80* a Tremendous Boost 
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and one BACKUP is worth 1000 tears!! 

new PRODUCT • INTEGRATED BUSINESS SYSTEM • 

ISAM File Structure — Multi-Company Capability Modular structure. Each 
module includes complete user documentation which guides the user through 
installation and allows practice using a sample data base. When ready, the 
user simply names his data base and begins. The Integrated Business System 
program set includes General Ledger, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, 
Payroll, Inventory, General Journal, Asset Management and more. 
Business Programs $2507 module Mod III. $300/module Mod II. $795 for all four 
Mod III. $995 for all four Mod II. General Ledger and Accounts Receivable 
available now. Accounts Payable and Payroll 1st Quarter 1982. 



I 1 RACET 



COMPUTES l 

1330 N GLASSELL. SUITE M, ORANGE. CA 92667 




C'RCLE READER RESPONSE BELOW FOR FREE CATALOG 
•TRS-80 IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF TANDY CORPORATION 



CHECK VISA M/C COD PURCHASE ORDER 
TELEPHONE ORDERS ACCEPTED (714) 997 4<)')0 



Microcomputing, September 1982 141 




Circle 273 on Reader Service card. 



£3 



wabash 



express 



aai$ 199* 

SINGLE SIDE 

SINGLE DENSITY 

W/HUB RING SOFT. 

100% CERTIFIED —«,„.!? 
2 YEAR WARRANTEE SECTORS 


a $199* 

SINGLE SIDE 
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SOFT 

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Em<syi9* 

SINGLE SIDE * 

DOUBLE DENSITY 

W/HUB RING SOFT, 

100% CERTIFIED 10 OT 16 
2 YEAR WARRANTEE SECTORS 


El $049* 

SINGLE SIDE * 
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SOFT 

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E!EI$099* 

DOUBLE SIDE — 

DOUBLE DENSITY 

W/HUB RING SOFT, 

100% CERTIFIED ™ "" ^° 
2 YEAR WARRANTEE SECTORS 


El $009* 

DOUBLE SIDE ^^ 
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SOFT 

100% CERTIFIED "" **2 
2 YEAR WARRANTEE SECTORS 


JU • Minimum order 100 • For smaller quantities add 10% 

• Packed 10 boxes of 10 diskettes with sleeves and labels 

• Quantity discounts - 1,000 deduct 3%. 
5.000 deduct 5%. 10.000 deduct 7% 

• Add $5.00 per case 5V« ", $7.00 per case 8" 
For shipping and handling Continential U.S.A., U.P.S. ground. | 



■ ix il HHU Httii; JJ&: 



OPUS ss/sd$20 ss/sd$21 

BASF ss/dd $23 ss/sd $24 

MAXWELLJ 
DYSAN I 



TOO LOW TO QUOTE CALL 



SPECIFY SECTORING WHEN ORDERING 
5'A" QUAD DENSITY IN STOCK 



HARDHOLE DISK PROTECT! 

Reinforcing rings 

of tough mylar 

protect disk hole 

edge from damage 5'/«" 6" 

Applicators $3 {4 

Hardhole Rings (50) jg *g 



DISK DRIVE HEAD 
CLEANING KITS 

Prevent head 

crashes and a 

ensure error-free > 

operation 

5V4" or 8" 



$19.50 



SFDC- 10 CASSETTES.. 10/S7 
(All cassettes include box and labels.) 

Get 8 cassettes, C-10 ^ 

Sonic, and Cassette/8 

Library-Album, |_ 

as illustrated, |-*». J — j 



for only 



$8 



LIBRARY CASES 

8" Kas-sette/10 $2.99 

5'/4"Mmi Kas-sette/10 $2.49 



5'/4" or 8" 

Vinyl 
Storage 
Pages 



10/S5 



• Written purchase orders accepted from government agencies and well rated firms 
at a 10% surcharge (wabash media only) for net 30 billing. • International orders 
accepted with a 15.00 surcharge for handling, plus shipping charges. • C.O.D. 
requires a 10% deposit. • We accept Visa, Mastercharge. Money Orders, and 
Certificate checks. • Checks require bank clearances. • All shipments F.O.B. San 
Diego. • Minimum shipping and handling 2.00. minimum order 10.00. • California 
residents all 6% sales tax. • Prices and terms subject to change without notice. • 
All sales subject to availability, acceptance, and verification. • All sales are final. • 
Satisfaction guaranteed or full refund. 



We also offer printer ribbons, printwheels, type elements, 
equipment covers, power consoles, paper supplies, storage and 
filing equipment, furniture and many other accessories for word 
and data processing systems. Write for our free catalog. 



Toll Free 



Order Only 



800-854-1555 



For Information 
or California Orders 

(714)268-3537 



11 -J Li 



PRODUCTS 

8868 CLAIREMONT MESA BLVD. 
SAN DIEGO. CALIFORNIA 92123 




The TI-88's 1 6-character alphanumeric liquid crystal display 
represents each of 128 characters clearly and precisely. 



A Sophisticated 
Handheld Computer 

The TI-88 Programmable 
Calculator can be interfaced 
with its accessory peripherals 
to provide a portable comput- 
er system with nonvolatile 
memory features. A built-in 
user prompting response 
function helps the user work 
through difficult program- 
ming questions step-by-step. 
Numbers, upper/lowercase 
letters, punctuation, super- 
scripts, common Greek let- 
ters and other special char- 
acters are represented. An 
enhanced algebraic operating 
system lets the user enter for- 
mulas as written on paper, 
without transposing to more 
intricate computer notation. 
Two module supports will 
accommodate Constant Mem- 
ory modules for memory ex- 
pansion or Solid State Soft- 
ware modules for fast access 
to professionally-written 
programs. A rechargeable 
battery, tone beeper and time- 
keeping features are incor- 



porated. The TI-88 Program- 
mable Calculator costs $350; 
Constant Memory modules 
are $50 each; and Solid State 
Software modules average 
$40 each. 

Texas Instruments, Inc., PO 
Box 10508, Lubbock, TX 
79408. Reader Service num- 
ber 476. 



Fine-Tuned Control 

Long-life linear potentiome- 
ters, selectable stick operat- 
ing characteristics and styled 
enclosures are features of a 
new line of precision joysticks 
and paddles announced by 
Kraft Systems, Inc., 450 W. 
California Ave., PO Box 1268, 
Vista, CA 92083. These prod- 
ucts are designed for plug-in 
compatibility with Apple II, 
TRS-80 and IBM Personal 
Computers. The joysticks fea- 
ture instantly selectable 
spring return centering or 
free-floating operation, with 
electrical centering adjust- 
ments on each axis. Reader 
Service number 472. 




Paddles and joysticks from Kraft Systems add a new dimen- 
sion of control to your Apple, TRS-80 or IBM PC. 



142 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 61 on Reader Service card. 




Dynabyte's Monarch computer. 



Versatile 16-Bit Box 

The Dynabyte Monarch 
multiuser computer system 
offers a large selection of both 
eight-bit and 16-bit operating 
systems: Monarch supports 
CP/M, MP/M II, CP/M-86, 
MP/M-86. UNIX, Oasis-8, 
Oasis- 16 and Business Basic. 
The 8 MHz 8086 and 6 MHz 
Z-80B support up to 16 users, 
allowing concurrent opera- 
tion of both eight- and 16-bit 
software. Monarch was de- 
signed for word processing, fi- 
nancial modeling and other 
business applications — as 
well as networking and com- 
munications. Monarch's Mod- 
el 6600 standard configura- 
tion includes 256K bytes of 
RAM, 19M bytes of Win- 
chester disk storage, nine 
RS-232 serial ports, one 
RS-422 high-speed port, one 
parallel port and an eight-inch 
IBM-compatible disk drive for 
under $11,000. 

Dynabyte Business Com- 
puters, 521 Cottonwood 



Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035. 
Reader Service number 480. 



68000-Based Single 
Board Computer 

The 68 Magnum 16/32-bit 
single board computer is of- 
fered by Intellimac, Inc., 6001 
Montrose Road, Sixth Floor, 
Rockville, MD 20852. The 68 
Magnum stand-alone com- 
puter combines the MC 68000 
CPU (6 MHz version) with 
128K bytes of 200 nanosec- 
ond RAM. The board features 
16K bytes of operating system 
EPROM, 16K bytes of user 
EPROM, two RS-232 serial 
ports with selectable baud 
rates, a parallel port, audio 
cassette serial I/O port, three 
16-bit programmable timers 
and reset and abort function 
switches. By adding a power 
supply, terminal and off-line 
storage device, you can create 
your own 16/32-bit computer 
system. Price is $745. Reader 
Service number 48 1 . 




The 68 Magnum single board computer, from Intellimac, Inc. 



CENTRONICS 

779 / RS 
LINE PRINTER I 

MAKE YOUR PRINTER 

A REAL WORKHORSE 

WITH OUR NEW 

PRINTER 

CONTROLLER 
BOARD 



Remove the controller board in your printer and 
plug ours in to add the following capabilities: 

• Bidirectional printing 

• Full UPPER/lower case ASCII plus TRS-80 
graphics or DSE scientifics character sets 
in 9 x 7 dot matrix format (9x9 available as 
option — requires print head change) 

• Motor control — turns off the motor when 
the printer is not in use 

• 2048 character buffer 

• Software selectable features 

• transfer protocol (XON/XOFF or 
none) 

• character densities (10, 12, 15, 16.5 
cpi plus double width in each size) 

• self-test 

• forms, length, control 



$350 assembled and tested 



Radix 

Technologies 

Suite 400 Carolyn Building 

10400 Eaton Place 

Fairfax, VA 22030 (703) 385-0900 

VISA, MasterCard, check, COD accepted 



Microcomputing, September 1982 143 




The Apple-Verter APX-800 mounts inside your Apple and 
plugs into your color TV. 



Apple Modulator 

A high-fidelity, color video 
modulator is available from 
ATV Research, 13th and 
Broadway, Dakota City, NE 
68731. The Apple-Verter 
Model APX-800 is a high- 
VHF-band tunable modulator 
for the Apple II computer. It 
mounts inside the Apple and 
plugs into the existing power/ 
video plug. A direct-connect 
antenna cable is supplied. By 
operating above normal com- 
puter harmonics, in the high- 
VHF band (tunable channels 
7-10), the APX-800 exhibits 
high stability; this makes it 
ideal for use on non -tunable, 
quartz-locked TV receivers. A 
built-in 5 V regulator lets you 



use the modulator on other 
computer systems with pow- 
er sources anywhere from 
8-24 V dc. Price is $29.95. 
Reader Service number 465. 



Vector Graphic Micro 

The Vector 4's 8/16-bit ar- 
chitecture makes it an ideal 
system for developing sophis- 
ticated 16-bit applications, ac- 
cording to Vector president. 
Lore Harp. The computer will 
be available with a choice of 
operating systems, to provide 
maximum program develop- 
ment flexibility. The Vector 4 
comes with 128K bytes of 
main memory, using 64K 
RAM chips, and is expandable 




I I I f ! I I I I ! 1 
•4 I t f » I f 1 t t I \ \ 
f f I f t I I t ! 





The Vector 4 8/16-bit microcomputer, from Vector Graphic. 
144 Microcomputing, September 1982 




The Syzygy Serial Switchbox. 



to 256K. Memory mapping 
logic allows the Z-80 to access 
the entire memory in incre- 
ments as small as 2K. The 
Vector 4's main memory is 
time-shared between the CPU 
and video display controller. 
Software control of the dis- 
play controller allows fast ac- 
cess to screen memory for 
high-resolution graphics, and 
also allows the screen memo- 
ry to be moved anywhere in 
main memory. The Model 
4/20 dual floppy disk system 
costs $4495. The Model 4/30, 
with single floppy disk drive 
and Winchester 5M hard disk, 
costs $5995. 

Vector Graphic, Inc., 500 N. 
Ventu Park Road, Thousand 
Oaks, CA 91320. Reader Ser- 
vice number 478. 



Switched-On Box 

An RS-232 Serial Switch- 
box (P/N232SB) is available 
from Syzygy, 256 West San 
Bernardino Road, Covina, CA 
91723. The box measures 7 x 
10x3 inches; it permits man- 
ual switching of a common 
port to any of three distribu- 
tion ports. All components are 
solidly mounted on a 9x6 
inch PC board. Four internal- 



ly mounted ten-pole socket- 
mounted DIP switches allow 
each port to be separately con- 
figured for normal or null- 
modem use, and can enable, 
disable and jumper lines 4, 5, 
6, 8 and 20. The versatile 
switching permits rapid con- 
figuration of the Syzygy XYZ 
Serial Switchbox for CRT ter- 
minals, LQ printers and CPU 
ports. A CPU port can select 
any of three different printers 
or terminals, or three different 
CPU ports can select one 
printer or terminal. Reader 
Service number 475. 



Apple Disk Emulator 

Synetix Industries, Inc., 
15050 N.E. 95th, Redmond, 
WA 98052, now offers a single 
board Solid State Disk Emula- 
tor (SSD) for the Apple II or 
Apple II Plus. The SSD is 
available in either a single 
disk version (147K bytes) 
or dual disk version (294K 
bytes) and plugs directly into 
any Apple I/O slot (1-7). The 
Emulator is compatible with 
Apple DOS 3.3, Apple Pascal 
and CP/M. 

The single disk is $550; the 
dual disk is $950. Reader Ser- 
vice number 474. 



BM|r^Bl 














v^^^^^ ^Hh0hhP ^^^■IAb 










* r ^Km^ 





The Synetix Solid State Disk Emulator. 



MICROCOMPUTING • BOOKS 




THE 
NEW 



WEATHER 

SATELLITE 

HANDBOOK 

BY DR. RALPH E. TAGGART 

Here is the completely updated and revised edition of the best- 
selling Weather Satellite Handbook— containing all the infor- 
mation on the most sophisticated and effective spacecraft 
now in orbit. Dr. Taggart has written this book to serve both the 
experienced amateur satellite enthusiast and the newcomer. 
The book is an introduction to satellite watching, providing all 
the information required to construct a complete and highly ef- 
fective ground station. Not just ideas, but solid hardware de- 
signs and all the instructions necessary to operate the equip- 
ment are included. For the thousands of experimenters who 
are operating stations, the book details all procedures neces- 
sary to modify their equipment for the new series of space- 
craft. Amateur weather satellite activity represents a unique 
blend of interests encompassing electronics, meteorology 
and astronautics. Join the privileged few in watching the spec- 
tacle of earth as seen from space on your own monitoring 
equipment Order BK7383 $8.95 

SAVE $2.95 



WEATHER SATELLITE 
HANDBOOK (first edition) 

By Dr. Ralph E. Taggart WB8DQT. Valuable information in this 
first edition is not included in Dr. Taggart's just published 
book, The New Weather Satellite Handbook (see above) 
Chapters such as "How to Build an Electric Timer for Satellite 
Tracking" and "Building an Automatic Control forthe Satellite- 
Receiving Station" will no longer be available when this edi- 
tion is out of print. This is a good entry level text for those 
discovering the exciting new use of weather satellites. Regular 
price: $4.95. SPECIAL PACKAGE PRICE -BOTH BOOKS FOR 
ONLY $10.95, SAVE $2.95! (This offer available only while sup- 
plies last.) Order WS7300 and receive both editions of the 
Weather Satellite Handbook for only $10.95 (plus $1.00 shipp- 
ing and handling charge). 



* Use the order card in this magazine or itemize your order on a separate piece of paper 
and mail to: Microcomputing Book Nook • Peterborough NH 03458. Be sure to include 
check or detailed credit card information. Add $1.50 first book. $1.00 each additional 
book. $10.00 per book foreign airmail. Questions regarding your order? Please write to 
Customer Service at the above address. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. No C.O.D. 
orders accepted. For Toll Free ordering call 1-800-258-5473. 



EPROM 
PROGRAMMER 

Shown assembled EPROM not included. 




a* 





For single supply 2516, 2716 & 2758 EPROMs. Connects through 
a user supplied interface to any computer system. Inter- 
facing requires two 8-bit ports plus hand-shake lines. One of the 
ports must be software controllable for input or output. Timing is 
done via hardware, thus is independent of MPU clock rate. Verify 
erased. Program — entire or partial". Auto verify after program- 
ming. Transfer contents to RAM for modifying or duplicating. 
Select Documentation for: Interface to: 

6502 6820 PIA or 6522 VIA 

6800 6820 PIA 

6809 6820 PIA 

8080/8085/Z80 8255 PPI 

Comprehensive documentation booklet contains schematic, instructions for construe 
tion. check-out and use. and a well commented assembly listing tor the specified MPU 

Complete kit of parts (includes ZIF socket) $ 45.00 

Bare PC board and Documentation $ 25.00 

Software listings for additional MPUs 

(with purchase of Kit or PC board) $ 5.00 

Ordering Specify MPU Add 5% for P&H Overseas add 10% An? residents add 5% tax 

<Mfc Micro Technical Products, Inc. __„ 

814 W. Keating Ave., Dept. K 
Mesa, Arizona 85202 • 602-839-8902 



MosterCord 




is HARD COPY STORAGE a problem? 




^SQCOWUT: 



UTiNG 



MICROCOMPUTING, as thick as it 
is, is more like a floppy when it conies 
to standing on the bookshelf. Try the 
MICROCOMPUTING Library 
Shelf Boxes. . sturdy corrugated 
white dirt-resistant cardboard boxes 
which will keep them from flopping 
around. We have self-sticking labels 
for the boxes, too, not only for MI- 
CROCOMPUTING, but also for 73 Magazine. 80 
MICRO. . and for CQ. QST. Ham Radio. Personal Comput- 
ing. Radio Electronics, Interface Age. and Byte. Ask for what- 
ever stickers you want with your box order. They hold a full year 
of MICROCOMPUTING. 80 MICRO. . or 73 Magazine. Your 
magazine library is your prime reference; keep it handy and keep 
it neet with these strong library shelf boxes. One box (BX-1000) is 
$2.00, 2-7 boxes (BX-1001) are $1.50 each, and eight or more 
boxes (BX-1002) are $1.25 each. Be sure to specify which labels 
we should send. Have your credit card handy and call our toll- 
free order number 800-258-5473, or use the order card in the 
back of the magazine and mail to: 




MICROCOMPUTING 

Peterborough nh 03458 

Att: Book Sales Shipping & Handling: $2.00 per order $10.00 foreign airmail 



Microcomputing, September 1982 145 




Burtronix Protocard III system. 



Apple III Interface 

The Burtronix Protocard III 
is a new interface card for the 
Apple III computer. The card 
uses proven circuitry to inter- 
face a parallel interface chip to 
the Apple hardware bus, and 
lets the user put custom cir- 
cuits right on the board and 
connect them to the Proto- 
card's 6522 chip. Room is pro- 
vided on the board for either a 



26-pin ribbon connector (sup- 
plied) or a 25-pin D-type con- 
nector (also supplied) for ex- 
ternal connections. 

A software driver on disk is 
provided to link the Protocard 
III to Business Basic, Pascal or 
any other software that uses 
the SOS drivers. All commu- 
nication with the Protocard III 
is handled by printing and 
reading simple strings from 
Pascal or Basic. Complete in- 



Circle 162 on Reader Service card. 



SENECA ELECTRONICS 

SUPER DISCOUNTS TRS-80® AND OTHERS 











































TRS-80" 16K MODEL III $810.00 ^^ 

TRS-80™ 64K MODEL II $2995.00 
ATARP 800 W/16K $650.00 
VIC-20™ HOME COMPUTER $245.00 
ALL MACHINES COME WITH FULL 
MANUFACTURES WARRANTY!! 

COMPUTER FURNITURE, PRINTERS, PERIPHERALS, YOU NAME 
IT, WE GOT IT, AT THE PRICE YOU WANT TO PAY. WE ACCEPT 
CERTIFIED CHECKS, MONEY ORDERS, VISA & MASTERCARD. 
SHIPPING CHARGES WILL BE ADDED TO CHARGE CARD ORDERS. 

SENECA ELECTRONICS 

RD #1, HARMONY, PA 16037 

(412) 452-5654 




The Amdek Micro Floppydisk 
drive holds two three-inch 
cartridges. 



structions are provided. Price 
is $195. 

Burtronix, 1667 N. O'Don- 
nell Way, Orange, CA 92667. 



Rigid Disk 

The new Micro-Floppydisk 
dual drive from Amdek Corp., 
2420 E. Oakton St., Suite E, 
Arlington Heights, IL 60005, 
offers 1M capacity and is plug- 
compatible with standard 
five-inch floppy drives. The 
Amdek drive has a built-in 
power supply and accommo- 
dates two three-inch car- 
tridges. Cartridges, which are 
priced about the same as stan- 
dard floppies, feature flip-top 
head covers that protect the 
disks from dust, scratches or 
fingerprints. The hinged cov- 
er automatically flips open 
when the cartridge is inserted 
in the drive unit. Micro-Flop- 
pydisk drive costs $899. 
Reader Service number 464. 



VIC-20 Expansion 

The "Cardboard" is an ex- 
pansion motherboard for 
Commodore's VIC series com- 
puters. The board has six 
slots that will accept any VIC- 
compatible cartridge in any 



configuration. Blocks of mem- 
ory can be switched in or out 
with on-board switches, as 
can utility ROMs and games. 
The Cardboard lets you in- 
crease RAM up to 40K and 
also use several utility ROMs. 
A system reset switch is in- 
cluded on the Cardboard, so 
you can restart games with- 
out turning off the computer. 
Units can be daisy -chained. 
The Cardboard costs $ 1 19.95. 
Cardco, Inc., 3135 Bay- 
berry St., Wichita, KS. Reader 
Service number 466. 



S-lOO Board Provides 
16-Bit Capability 

An 8086/8087 microproces- 
sor board from CompuPro 
Systems, Oakland Airport, 
CA 94614, gives you the 
16-bit advantage, as well as 
provision for adding a mathe- 
matics coprocessor and oper- 
ating system firmware. The 
CPU 86/87 is compatible with 
IEEE-696/S-100 standards, 
and is available in either 8 or 
10 MHz versions. The board 
accommodates both eight- 
and 16-bit words: its on-board 
logic can read or write two 
bytes serially for eight-bit ap- 
plications, or pass word-wide 
values for 16-bit operation. 
Users can mix both types of 
device on one system. 

CompuPro's new board ac- 
cepts Intel's 8087 math pro- 
cessor and 80130 operating 
system firmware. The math 
processor offers high-speed 
number crunching, and the 
firmware adds an eight-level 
vectored interrupt controller, 
three interval timers, and a 
choice of silicon-based operat- 
ing systems: the iRMX-86 
kernel or CP/M-86. Price is 
$695 for the 8 MHz and $850 
for the 10 MHz version. Read- 
er Service number 468. 




1 



CompuPro's 8086/8087 CPU board provides 1 6-bit capability. 



146 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 241 on Reader Service card. 



ARE YOU LOOKING 
FOR THE MOST 
RELIABLE, HIGHEST 
QUALITY, COMMERCIALLY 
BUILT PERSONAL 
COMPUTERS IN THE 




PRICES TOO GOOD TO BEUEVE. 



ANNOUNCING THE 
ARRIVALS OF THE 
FUTURE- SERIES ONE 
AND SERIES TWO. 

THE ROLLS ROYCE 
OF THE PERSONAL 
COMPUTER INDUSTRY. 

• 9" or 12" CRT Display 

• MTBF rated at 20,000 hours 

• CP/M® operating system 

• One-year warranty (first in 
the industry) 

• 160K to 640K mini floppy 
disk drives 

A COMPANY YOU CAN DEPEND ON. 



9" CRT portable with two 160K, 320K, or 

640K mini floppy disk drives $2,395.00 

12" CRT console with two 160K mini floppy 

disk drives $2,895,000 

1 2" CRT console with a 1 60K mini floppy disk 

drive and a 6 Megabyte Winchester 

disk drive $4,795.00 




Telcon Industries has been supplying 
companies such as Sperry Univac, ItT, RCA, 
Reuters, AP and UPI, Newsweek, Control Data 
Corp. and the Washington Post for over a 
decade. We have a worldwide reputation for 
microcomputing, not to mention the computer 
that you have been looking for. 

TELCON INDUSTRIES, INC. 1401 N.W. 69th STREET, FT. LAUDERDALE, FL 33309 
PHONE (305) 971-2250, TWX 510-956-9412 ®CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research 
OVER A DECADE IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY. 



July deliveries for console model; Auaust deliveries for portable model. OEM SYSTEM pricing available. Distributor and dealer 
inquiries invited. Please call or write for catalog information. 



WATCH FUTURE ACS FOR SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER! 



NEW SOFTWARE 



Edited by Linda Stephenson 



Software for 
Hard Science 

Several new eduational 
packages promise to make it 
easier to learn chemistry. 
Computer Aided Instruction 
for General Chemistry in- 
cludes from 50 to 70 drills, ex- 
ercises and problems per pro- 
gram covering every major 
topic in undergraduate gen- 
eral chemistry. Each of the 
20 programs is designed to 
be interactive; the student 
can select random subtopics, 
restart the program or stop 
at any point to load a new 
program. The software is 
available for TRS-80 Model III, 
Apple II and Commodore PET 
microcomputers. 

Concentrated Chemical 
Concepts provides introduc- 
tory chemistry for allied 
health students. Written for 
the Apple II microcomputer, 
this package of drill and prac- 
tice exercise programs covers 
topics in general, organic and 
biological chemistry. Interac- 
tive programs include simula- 
tions, problem-solving drills, 
term and definition matches 
and a unique nomenclature 
drill. The package takes ad- 
vantage of Apple color, graph- 
ics and sound. 

Prelab Studies for General, 
Organic and Biological Chem- 
istry reviews selected con- 
cepts encountered in the labo- 
ratory. Topics covered repre- 
sent areas that usually re- 
quire a special effort by in- 
structors to ensure full stu- 
dent understanding. The pro- 
gram reinforces numerical 
and decision-making skills 
needed in the lab. For Apple 
II only. 

John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 
605 Third Ave., New York, NY 
10158. Reader Service num- 
ber 483. 



Special Education 

Administrative software for 
the special education depart- 
ments of public and private 



schools is being distributed 
by Creative Educational Ser- 
vice, 36 River Ave., Mon- 
mouth Beach, NJ 07750. The 
IEP/MS system manages "in- 
dividual education programs" 
for handicapped students; 
these programs are now re- 
quired by federal law. The 
management system leads 
the user through the process 
of preparing all necessary re- 
ports. IEP/MS is available for 
Apple. TRS-80 and CP/M- 
based microcomputers. Read- 
er Service number 485. 



The 25 th Hour 

A series of timesaving soft- 
ware for both professional and 
personal use is available from 
Softrend, Inc., PO Box 1462, 
Charlottesville, VA 22902. 
The 25:01 Time Scheduler/ 
Organizer provides automat- 
ic scheduling of recurring 
activities, optional remind- 
ers for events, appointment 
scheduling and daily activity 
calendar. All entries are 
checked for appointment con- 
flicts and weekend dates are 
flagged. The package can 
handle any number of people. 
It costs $99. 

The 25:02 Magazine/Book 
Reference program locates ar- 
ticle references or other infor- 
mation from various journals, 
newspapers and books. En- 
tries are stored and recalled 
by publication, author, pri- 
mary and secondary topics, 
and key words. Price is $69. 

Each package in the series 
incorporates extensive screen 
prompting, optional use of 
printer, and advanced file 
handling techniques. They 
run on the IBM Personal Com- 
puter. Reader Service num- 
ber 486. 



SuperPilot 

A versatile extension of the 
Apple Pilot software language 
has been announced by Apple 
Computer, Inc., 20525 
Mariani Ave., Cupertino, CA 



95014. SuperPilot joins sever- 
al new products in Apple's 
series to help educators and 
industrial trainers create les- 
sons and illustrations for com- 
puter-aided instruction. It fea- 
tures graphics enhancement, 
easy debugging and external 
video control. SuperPilot runs 
on an Apple II or Apple II Plus 
with 64K RAM. Price is $200. 
Reader Service number 484. 



Telecommunication 
Software 

Two new programs have 
been added to the NTD-II se- 
ries of traffic optimization 
software. These programs im- 
prove management of long 
distance costs by adding the 
Other Common Carrier (OCC) 
option and Exchange (NNX) 
analysis. The NTD-1C Toll 
Statement Analyzer is prepro- 
grammed with OCC Analysis 
data to provide a breakdown 
of hours per month of WATS- 
eligible and OCC-eligible traf- 
fic. This program can also de- 
termine Foreign Exchange 
(FX) feasibility. The cost is 
$1250. 

The NTD-6B Multiple 
WATS Band Designer will 
configure the most complete 
optimization of facilities to 
carry a user's traffic. Options 
include WATS, FX, MCI, 
Sprint and SBS rate tables to 
provide optimum routing ca- 
pabilities. Price is $2300. 

These programs run on the 
HP-85. Apple II or other CP/M- 
based microcomputers. For 
more information write to 
HTL Telemanagement, Ltd., 
1300 Old Chain Bridge Road, 
Suite 5, McLean, VA 22101. 
Reader Service number 487. 



Number Cruncher 

The TK!Solver program 
gives professionals in engi- 
neering, business and other 
fields the ability to quickly 
and easily solve problems in- 
volving math calculations 
and analysis. TKISolver appli- 



cation packages contain pre- 
defined models for various 
fields; each model has preset 
equations, tables and values 
relevant to individual prob- 
lems; the models can be modi- 
fied to suit specific situations. 
In mechanical engineering, 
for instance, TKISolver appli- 
cation packages can be used 
to solve problems of tensile 
and torsion stress analysis, 
piping layout and design, siz- 
ing of hydraulic and pneu- 
matic actuators, beam deflec- 
tion and cost efficiency. A 
TK!Solver model for invest- 
ment management and anal- 
ysis is particularly useful for 
calculating investment 
yields. And the TKISolver pro- 
gram can be used for teaching 
any concept of high school 
science that involves math- 
ematical description, wheth- 
er in biology, chemistry or 
physics. Among the models 
developed for the high school 
science package are popu- 
lation growth, radioactive de- 
cay, projectile motion and 
chemical equilibrium. TKI- 
Solver is currently available 
for the Apple and IBM Per- 
sonal Computer. 

Software Arts, Inc., 675 
Massachusetts Ave., Cam- 
bridge. MA 02139. Reader 
Service number 488. 



VIC-20 Quartet 

Three new packages for 
HAMs and a fourth for file 
maintenance' are offered by 
RAK Electronics. PO Box 
1585. Orange Park. FL 32073. 
VIC File is a multipurpose file 
system that automatically ex- 
pands available memory. 
Commands include Load, 
Save. Print. Add. Change, 
Sort and Delete. Requires 
minimum 3K expansion. 
Price is $9.95. 

WAS Record is an Amateur 
Radio program that main- 
tains your Worked All States 
record for HAM Radio with a 
need/ worked/confirmed stat- 
us and the call of the station 



148 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Circle 165 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 197 on Reader Service card. 



I 




SYSTEMS 
SOFTWARE 



Med Systems now otters some of the finest professional software 
available today. More complete information is available in our full 
page ads in 80 Microcomputing, or by calling our toll free 
number. 

PROFESSIONAL/SCIENTIFIC WORD PROCESSING 
Qwerty 3.0 offers more features than any Scripsit patch available 
today. Like Greek letters. Over 75 new symbols. Page end indication. 
Footnotes. Simultaneous superscripts and subscripts. User-controlled 
cursor speed. Two and three column formats. Qwerty 3.0 requires at 
least one disk, a TRS-80 Model I or Model III. and Scripsit. $49.95 

STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR MICROCOMPUTERS (SPM) 
SPM. written by Bruce Powel Douglass, is one of the finest statistics 
packages available for the TRS-80. It includes descriptive statistics, 
one and two way analysis of variance, single and multiple variable 
linear regression, and single and multiple non-linear regression. 
Requires a TRS-80 Model I or III with disk. $89.95 

WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION! 

When ordering, please indicate Model I or Model III. and number of 
disk drives in your system. 

MED SYSTEMS Software 

P.O. BOX 2674 CHAPEL HILL NC 27514 

1-800-334-5470 



f First came MICROPROOF™: 



'There is simply no finer program available ..." 
(Creative Computing. March 1982) 



Now: 



Webster 



SFOUNG 



CHECKER 



77?^ Ultimate: 



FAST — Can proof ten pages in a minute 
EASY — Operates at the stroke of a key 
COMPLETE— 50,000 word literal dictionary 
COMPACT-Fils on 5'/," double density disk 
VERSATILE— Use with all W P programs 
CORRECTS— (Optional, add $60.00) 
AFFORDABLE— $89 50 (TRS-80®), 



$149.50 (CP M®) 



CORNVCOPl 
SOFTWARE, INC. 

1625 Beverly Place 
Berkeley.CA 94707 



Contact your local dealer, or order direct (415) 524-8098 



MICROCOMPUTING • BOOKS 

ALL NEW FOR 80 OWNERS ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR THE TRS-80 



ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR THE TRS-80* * is the newest per- 
ipheral for your microcomputer. This ten-volume refer- 
ence series contains programs and articles especially 
selected to extend the documentation that comes with 
the TRS-80. Volumes of the Encyclopedia are being 
issued one-at-a-time, approximately six weeks apart. 
This means that each new volume will reflect the latest 
developments in TRS-80 microcomputing. Encyclo- 
pedia for the TRS-80 is available in two editions. The 
deluxe COLLECTOR'S EDITION has a handsome green 
and black hard cover with a dust jacket. A soft cover 
edition is also available. 

To order single hard cover volumes of the Encyclope- 
dia please specify: 

Volume 1 EN8101 $19.95* 

Volume 2 EN8102 $19.95* 

Volume 3 EN8103 $19.95* 

Volume 4 EN8104 $19.95* 

Volumes EN8105 $19.95* 

Volume 6 EN8106 $19.95* 

Volume 7 EN8107 $19.95* 

Volume 8 EN8108 $19.95* 

Volume 9 EN8109 $19.95* 

Volume 10 EN8110 $19.95* 



ENCYCLOPEDIA 
FOR THE TRS-80' 

A library of useful Info-mation 
(or yftvif TRS-80 



rigM - 

i 




VOtUM 




ENCYCLOPEDIA LOADER is the software companion 
to the Encyclopedia for the TRS-80. This special series 
of cassettes will allow you to load selected programs 
from the Encyclopedia instantly. Hours of keyboarding 
time and the aggravating search for typos is eliminat- 
ed by using the Encyclopedia Loader. 

Encyclopedia Loader for Volume 1 of the Encyclopedia 
of the TRS-80 is available at a Special Introductory 
Price of $12.95 (a $14.95 value). To take advantage of 

this offer specify: 

EL800111 $12.95* 

Additional Encyclopedia Loaders will be available as 
each volume of the Encyclopedia for the TRS-80 is 
issued. To order specify Encyclopedia Loader. 



To order single softcover volumes of the Encyclopedia 
please specify: 

Volume 1 EN8081 

Volume 2 EN8082 

Volume 3 EN8083 

Volume 4 EN8084 

Volume 5 EN8085 

Volume 6 EN8086 

Volume 7 EN8087 

Volume 8 EN8088 

Volume 9 EN8089 

Volume 10 EN8090 



$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 
$10.95* 



SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER 

Order the entire set of the Encyclopedia 
for the TRS-80 and receive the tenth vol- 
ume FREE! 

10 Volume deluxe hard cover COLLEC- 
TOR'S EDITION, a $199.50 value. EN8100 
$164.00 postpaid 

10 Volume soft cover edition, a $109.50 
value. EN8080 $83.00 postpaid 



Volume 2 
Volume 3 
Volume 4 
Volume 5 
Volume 6 
Volume 7 
Volume 8 
Volume 9 
Volume 10 



EL8002 
EL8003 
EL8004 
EL8005 
EL8006 
EL8007 
EL8008 
EL8009 
EL8010 



$14.95* 
$14.95* 
$14.95* 
$14.95* 
$14.95* 
$14.95* 
$14.95* 
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SPECIAL OFFER 
All 10 Volumes of ENCYCLOPEDIA LOADER™ 

A $149.50 value lor only $119.97 

EL8000 $119.97 

(shipping mdudtd) 



allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Questions regarding your order? Please write to Customer Service at th.s address. 

•TRS 80 and TRSDOS are trademarks of the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation 



FOR TOLL FREE ORDERING CALL 1-800-258-5473 



Microcomputing, September 1982 149 



Circle 181 on Reader Service card. 




i 



Disk-Edit 



The most powerful tool 
available for disk 
data manipulation. 



e eeee S4 68 69 73 20 69 

eeie 49 28 73 69 64 6S 

0828 6F 66 74 27 73 28 

8838 28 28 61 28 64 69 

8848 6E 69 78 7S 6C 61 

88S8 6C 69 74 79 2E 28 

8068 20 63 61 6E 20 73 

0070 65 69 74 68 6S 72 

1 8080 48 4S S8 28 73 74 
8898 63 61 6E 28 

88A8 73 78 6C 61 79 20 

80B0 20 61 6E 64 20 64 

00C0 72 61 63 6B 73 28 

00D0 6B 2C 20 61 6E 64 

00E8 69 74 0D 0A 61 6E 

00F0 63 6C 7S 64 69 6E 

2 9190 6C 65 73 2E 29 29 
9119 45 44 49 54 29 79 
9129 67 6C 65 29 62 61 
9139 74 68 0D 0A 62 65 
9149 48 45 58 28 61 6E 
9159 6E 64 6F 77 73 2C 
9169 61 6E 29 73 63 72 



73 29 74 68 
28 6F 66 28 
44 49 53 4B 

73 68 28 64 

74 69 6F 6E 
28 44 49 53 
65 61 72 63 
28 41 53 43 

M 6E 67 
61 64 8D 8h 
74 68 65 28 
69 72 65 63 
6F 6E 28 61 
28 69 74 28 
79 28 66 69 
67 20 27 43 
57 69 74 68 
6F 75 29 63 

63 6B 20 61 
74 77 65 65 

64 20 41 53 
20 61 6E 64 
6F 6C 6C 20 



R/0 
65 20 41 
53 75 70 
2D 45 44 
61 74 61 
20 0D 0A 
4B 2D 45 
68 20 66 
49 49 20 
73 2C 20 
61 6E 64 

73 79 73 

74 6F 71 
6E 79 20 
63 61 6E 
6C 65 2C 
4F 4D 27 
29 44 49 
61 6E 29 
6E 64 29 
6E 29 74 
43 49 49 
29 79 6F 
74 68 72 



53 43 49 

65 72 53 
49 54 3A 

28 6D 61 
75 74 69 
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6F 72 28 
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29 64 69 
74 65 6D 
79 29 74 
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29 66 69 
53 4B 2D 

74 6F 67 

66 6F 72 
68 65 29 
29 77 69 

75 29 63 
6F 75 67 



This is th ASCI 
I side of SupcrS 
oft's DISK-EDIT 

a disk data »a 
nipulation uti 
lit* DISK-EDIT 

can search for 
either ASCII or 
HEX strings, it 
can read and di 
splay the systei 

and directory t 
racks on any dis 
k 1 and it can ed 
it any file, in 
eluding 'COH' fi 
les Hith DISK- 
EDIT you can tog 
gle back and for 
th between the 
HEX and ASCII vi 
ndows and you c 
an scroll throug 



Disk-Edit provides you with ALL the 
raw information on your disk in both HEX 
and ASCII. You can scroll through that 
information and alter it using a set of text 
editing commands. You can move back 
and forth between HEX and ASCII 
windows. You can alter either the HEX 
or the ASCII representations of data or 
text. You can search for strings in either 
HEX or ASCII, and you have access to 
every bit of information on your disk. 

Available for virtually all CP/M-80, 
CP/M-86, and IBM PC DOS 
compatible systems. 



Disk-Edit: 
Manual Only: 



$100.00 
$ 15.00 



Humnin- 



Japanese distribution: 

ASR Corporation International 3-23-8. Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku 

Tokyo 105. Japan -Tel (03)437-5371 ♦ Telex. 0242-2723 

Disclaimer: CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research 





FIRST IN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PO Box 1628 Champa.gn. IL 61820 (217)359-2112 Telex 270365 



worked for each state. WAZ 
Record maintains Worked All 
Zones records. DXCC Record 
maintains your DXCC Rec- 
ord. Each Amateur Radio pro- 
gram costs $6.95. The WAS 
and WAZ Record programs 
require a 3K memory' expan- 
sion; DXCC requires an 8K ex- 
pansion. Reader Service num- 
ber 495. 

Apple Is a 
Learning Machine 

Two programs for children 
are available from The Learn- 
ing Company, 4370 Alpine 
Road, Portola Valley, CA 
94025. Moptown is a set of 1 1 
logic games; Magic Spells is a 
word game combining large 
text, color graphics and 
music. The programs were 
designed to guide children 
through a series of adventures 
that promote original think- 
ing. There is no violence, and 
there are no "wrong" answers 
to discourage the child. Read- 
er Service number 482. 



Datacomm for Apple 

"Hello Central" puts the 
Apple microcomputer in di- 
rect communication with oth- 
er computer systems — main- 
frames, minis and micros. It 
also taps into hundreds of 
databases such as Dow Jones 
and The Source. Messages or 
whole files can be transferred 
using a text buffer with 
180,000-character capacity. 
"Hello Central" can be used 
as an automatic telephone 
dialer to handle unattended 
computer hookups. 

Advanced Operating Sys- 
tems, 450 St. John Road, 
Michigan City, IN 46360. 
Reader Service number 494. 

Dental Aide 

The Dental Management 
System is an integrated pack- 
age for the solo practitioner. 
The system performs billing, 
receivables, patient recall, in- 
surance form preparation, 
management reporting and 
so on for over 2500 patients. 
Stored information is instant- 
ly accessible. The program 
runs on the Apple II. Price is 
$1500. 

SmithRick Associates. 113 
Trenton Lane, Greer, SC 
29651. Reader Service num- 
ber 496. 



Mystery Adventure 
For Atari 

The Nightmare is an 
enigmatic adventure for the 
Atari 400/800 personal com- 
puter. Unsure whether his 
surroundings are "real" or 
merely apparent, the player 
finds himself trapped within a 
shadowy castle — the dwelling 
at the depths of his uncon- 
scious. As the player moves 
his joystick, the computer 
reveals (in full color graphics) 
the frightening and bizarre 
contents of the castle. The 
heavy iron door behind him is 
sealed, and only one means of 
escape is possible. The player 
must retrieve his mind's eye, 
lost in the tunnel of death, and 
return with it to the sealed 
door. Then and only then can 
he return to conscious reality. 
Price is $29.95. 

Epyx, PO Box 4247, Moun- 
tain View, CA 94040. Reader 
Service number 493. 



VisiCalc File Linker 

The Consolidator, from 
Omega MicroWare. Inc., 222 
S. Riverside Plaza, Chicago. 
IL 60606, operates on Visi- 
Calc files to link them togeth- 
er and allow manipulation of 
totals— without requiring the 
user to reenter information. 
For example. The Consolida- 
tor will total the results of four 
weekly reports to get monthly 
results, using only informa- 
tion that has already been en- 
tered and saved. The Consoli- 
dator will also print out 
VisiCalc commands and for- 
mulas, and the locations to 
which they apply. For Apple II 
microcomputers. Price is 
$49.95. Reader Service num- 
ber 492. 



1 50 Microcomputing, September 1982 



Apple Graphing 

PFS:Graph, an easy-to-use 
graphics software package, is 
available for the Apple II. 
Graph is the first graphics 
package that can stand alone 
or interface directly with PFS 
databases or VisiCalc to pro- 
duce bar, line or pie charts of 
presentation quality in min- 
utes. Line and bar graphs can 
be mixed or matched, and up 
to four graphs can be dis- 
played on a single set of axes. 
Bar graphs can be stacked or 
comparative. Other features 



.v-^ J v?M 



Circle 104 on Reader Service card. 



include automatic format- 
ting, scaling, legend labeling 
and pattern fill. Graph inter- 
faces with Silentype and Ep- 
son printers, as well as the HP 
7470A plotter. Price is $125. 
Software Publishing Corp., 
1901 Landings Drive, Moun- 
tain View. CA 94043. Reader 
Service number 491. 



Type Right 

A touch-typing tutorial is of- 
fered by Barron Enterprises, 
714 Willow Glen Road, Santa 
Barbara. CA 93105. Type 
Right is a complete course of 
22 typing programs. The be- 
ginner will find all necessary 
instructions displayed on the 
screen, but documentation is 
provided for the programmer 
who wants to make adapta- 
tions. Type Right emphasizes 
accuracy first, then speed. 
The program computes words 
per minute, with errors sub- 
tracted. Five games are in- 
cluded to keep the student's 
interest. Type Right runs on 
the Commodore PET and 
CBM 8032; disk/cassette 
available for 40-column sys- 



tems — disk only for 80-col- 
umn. Price is $30.95. Reader 
Service number 490. 



Heath Terminal 
Software 

Generic Software, PO Box 
1154, Troy, MI 48099, offers 
an HDOS V2.0 device driver 
to control data input and dis- 
play for the H19 terminal. 
SFDVD allows H19 screen 
form access to user programs 
written in Benton-Harbor Ba- 
sic, MBasic, Fortran-80 and 
assembly language. With 
SFDVD, data collection and 
file update systems can be 
easier to use. User- written ap- 
plications programs need 
only be concerned with read- 
ing and writing data vari- 
ables; SFDVD will manage all 
of the terminal input and data 
display functions. SFDVD re- 
quires an H8-H19/H89 sys- 
tem with 48K RAM. Price is 
$19.95 at most Heathkit Elec- 
tronic Centers; add $2 for 
shipping/handling if ordered 
directly from Generic Soft- 
ware. Reader Service number 
489. 



Selling Micro- 
computing will 
make money for you. 
Consider the facts: 
Fact #1: Selling Microcomput- 
ing increases store traffic— our 
dealers tell us that Microcomputing is 
the hottest-selling computer magazine on 
the newsstands. 
Fact #2: There is a direct correlation between 
store traffic and sales— increase the number of people 
coming through your door and you'll increase sales. 
Fact #3: Fact #1 + Fact #2 = INCREASED $ALE$, 
which means more money for you. And that's a fact. 

For information on selling Microcomputing, call 
800-343-0728 and speak with Ginnie Boudrieau, our 
bulk sales manager. Or write to her at Microcomputing, 

80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. 



MICROCOMPUTING 

80 Pine Street Peterborough, NH 03458 

800-3430728 



GOSUB International, Inc. presents 

The CARDBOARD for the VIC 20! The CARDBOARD is an 

expansion motherboard for use with Commodore's VIC 20 
series computers. It has six slots that will accept any VlC-com- 
patible cartridge in any configuration. 

Increase RAM up to 40K and use several utility ROMs plus 
have several games online, all switch selectable! 

The CARDBOARD can be daisy-chained, giving the user an al- 
most unlimited number of available expansion slots. 

A system reset switch has also been added to the CARD- 
BOARD allowing the user to select and/or restart games on 
ROM without turning off the computer. 

All this for only $119.95 plus $1.50 S/H 
To order send check or money order to: 

GOSUB International, Inc. 

501 E. Pawnee, Suite 430 

Wichita, Kansas 67211 

(316) 265-9858 

VISA and MasterCard phone orders also accepted 



Circle 103 on Reader Service card. 



.-f PION introduces trie 

.INTERSTELLAR* 

DRIVE 





% 



Introductory 
Price $1095. 

plus tax and shipping 



SEND FOR • 



BROCHURE 

Identify your model. 



A solid state 

disk emulator for your 

W APPLE , TRS80 , S100, 

f or SS50 computer 

• A FAST mass storage device. Speeds up 
any program requiring disk access. 
) No head seek time, no motor startup time, 
no moving parts. 

I Standard 256K bytes of storage expandable 
to 1 megabyte. 

^Independent regulated power supply. 
I Automatic power failure detect and battery 
backup. 

Hardware error detection and write protect. 

Only 4 bytes-ports of address I/O space used 

> Hardware optimized for block transfers 
and access. 

> Drivers, diagnostics, and utilities software 
provided. 

• Certified to comply with Class B limits 
M^U^j^iji ■ Part 15 of FCC rules. 

PlOlVlf INC- Tel. (617)648-1717 

74 Appleton St., Arlington, MA 021 74 

Trade Mark Apple **Trade Mark Tandy Corp. 



Microcomputing, September 1982 151 



CALENDAR 



Robotics Conference 

"Robot Research Developments and Applications in 
Canada" is the title of a conference jointly sponsored by the Cen- 
tral Ontario Chapter of Robotics International of Society of 
Manufacturing Engineers and National Research Council of 
Canada. This conference will be held at Delta Inn, Mississauga 
(Toronto), Ont. on September 20-21. 

Further details of the conference can be obtained from RI- 
SME Conference Secretariat, 6535 Mississauga Road, Missis- 
sauga, Ont. Canada. L5N 1A6. 



IEEE COMPCON Fall '82 

COMPCON Fall 82, sponsored by the IEEE, will be held Sept. 
20-24 at the Capital Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. The topic 
of this conference will be Computer Networks. COMPCON Fall 
82 will provide the forum for the researcher, vendor, user or 
legislator to explore and exchange ideas on the underlying tech- 
nologies, applications and public policy issues for the 80s. 

For further information contact COMPCON Fall 82, PO Box 
639. Silver Spring. MD 20901. 301-589-3386. 



MEDcomp 82 

MEDcomp 82, the medical professions computer show, will 
be held Sept. 23-25 at The Hilton Hotel, Philadelphia, PA. 

For further information contact the IEEE Computer Society, 
PO Box 639, Silver Spring, MD 20901. 



Fall Conference on Classroom Applications 

of Computers 

Computer-Using Educators will hold the third annual Fall 
Conference on Classroom Applications of Computers in San 
Jose, CA, on October 1 and 2. 

The schedule includes exhibits as well as workshops and six 
hour-long sessions covering computer-related classroom activi- 
ties. Curriculum topics will include all levels of education from 
preschool through post -secondary. 

For more information concerning membership in Computer- 
Using Educators or the conference write to Don McKell, Confer- 
ence Coordinator, Computer-Using Educators, PO Box 18547. 
San Jose. CA 95158. 



ACM-IEEE Fifteenth Annual Workshop on 

Microprogramming 

The fifteenth annual workshop on microprogramming 
(MICRO- 15) jointly sponsored by ACM, SIGMICRO and IEEE 
TC-MICRO will be held October 5-7, in Palo Alto, CA. 

A tutorial covering current issues in firmware engineering 
will be presented on the preceding day, October 4, by Dr. Ted 
Lewis. 

For more information contact Dr. Joseph Fisher. MICRO- 15 
Program Chairman, Yale University, Box 2158, Yale Station, 
New Haven. CT 06520. 

152 Microcomputing, September 1982 



NECOM '82 

NECOM '82, a computer show for OEMs, sophisticated end 
users, dealers and distributors, will be held at the Boston Mar- 
riot Hotel, Commonwealth Ave., Newton, MA, on Oct. 12, from 
1-7 P.M. 

For more information contact Norm DeNardi Enterprises, 
289 S. San Antonio Rd., Suite 204. Los Altos. CA 94022. 
415-941-8440. 



EdCom '82 

The National Computer Conference and Expo for Educators 
will be held October 21-24 at the L.A. Convention Center, Los 
Angeles, CA. 

EdCom 82 will feature over 200 seminars, workshops, dem- 
onstrations, exhibits, and hundreds of computers for in-depth 
tutorials and hands-on sessions. 

Presentation topics designed for educators at all levels of ex- 
pertise will include computer-aided instruction, administrative 
uses, classroom management, programming, research applica- 
tions, authoring languages and literacy. All of these sessions 
will be conducted by nationally recognized professionals in the 
field of computer education. 

For more information contact Jayne LaFountain. EdCom '82. 
2629 N. Scottsdale Road, Scottsdale, AZ 85257. 



Applefests 

Applefest, an exposition featuring Apple and Apple-compati- 
ble products including computers, software, peripherals, acces- 
sories and publications, will be held in several different loca- 
tions this fall. Applefest/Minneapolis will be held Sept. 16- 19 at 
the Minneapolis Auditorium and Convention Hall. Applefest/ 
Houston will be held Oct. 28-31 at the Houston Civic Center. 
Applefest/San Francisco will be held Nov. 18-21 at the Brooks 
Hall. Admission to each event is $5. 

For more information contact Northeast Expositions, 822 
Boylston St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02167. 617-739-2000. 



Mid- Atlantic Computer Show & Office 
Equipment Exposition 

The Mid-Atlantic Computer Show & Office Equipment Expo- 
sition will be held Oct. 28-31 at the Armory/Starplex in Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

For more information contact Computer Expositions, Inc., 
PO Box 3315. Annapolis, MD 21403. 301-263-8044; toll-free, 
1-800-368-2066. 



Virginia Tech Workshops 

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacks- 
burg, VA, will hold two workshops on microcomputer interfac- 
ing. Personal Microcomputer Interfacing and Scientific Instru- 
mentation Automation will be held Nov. 8-12. Microcomputer 
Interfacing, Design and Programming Using the 
Z-80/8085/8080 will be held Nov. 15-17. 

For further information contact Dr. Linda Leffel, C.E.C., Vir- 
ginia Tech. Blacksburg. VA 24061. 703-961-4848. 



The ideal accounting package 
for my business would . . 

1) □ adapt to my method of working, not force me to adapt to its method 

of working. 

2) □ have an alphanumeric account code that could accomodate my 

current structure of accounts with ease. 

3) □ process accounts for [12 13 ] financial periods per annum. 

(circle one) 

4) □ be limited in the number of accounts I could put on file only by 

the physical storage capacity of the computer. 

5) □ have a period activity volume of up to [$1M $10M $100M ]. 

(circle one) / 

6) □ have a year-to-date volume of up to [ $10M $100M $lBILLION ]. 

(circle one) 

7) □ let me custom design up to [ 33 66 99 ] reports, and not force me to make-do with just 

(circle one) 

the preprogrammed reports. 

8) □ allow me to enter next period data while in the current period without forcing an 

early close-out of the current period. 

9) □ be expandable to include Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Order Pro- 

cessing, Payroll, and Financial Modeling packages. 
10) □ be fully guaranteed and serviced by the distributor. 

OTHER . 




(Use another sheet if necessary.) 



The accounting package you've been searching for is here. Instant Software is proud to present 

the best accounting package on the market — 
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Created by The Microcomputer Business of Surry, England, The General Ledger Package is an 
highly comprehensive, extremely flexible, easy-to-use package designed to run on the TRS-80* 
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Just how good is The General Ledger Package? We're going to let you decide. Take a minute or 
two to decide what your electronic accounting needs are by filling out the list above, checking 
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That's all. No hype. No slogans. Just the facts. 



Instant Soft ware 

Peterborough, N.H. 03458 USA A subsidiary o! Wayne Green Inc. 

Microcomputing, September 1982 153 



FEATURES OF THE 

GENERAL LEDGER 

PACKAGE: 



01-10 



OTHER: 

does not require any previous computer 
experience to operate. 

allows you to create, amend, and delete 
any account record at any time. 

allows you to create, amend, and delete 
any report on file at any time. 

gives you instantaneous access to the 
files. 

automatically updates data on the Mas- 
ter File that is affected by transaction en- 
try. 

automatically reverses accrual entries 
made in previous period. 

has built-in batch and run controls. 

prints hard copy log after every entry 
that can affect a file. 

has an automatic peripheral device check 
which tells you if a problem exists and 
where it lies. 

comes complete with Master Disk for 
your files, ready-to-run disk, and blank 
disk. 

screen layouts are clean, attractive and 
informative. 

accompanies all transactions with an 
audit trail. 

Transaction File has assigned-by-you ref- 
erence #s. 

Transaction Listings can be listed se- 
quentially or under variety of criteria se- 
lected by you. 

*TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy 
Corp. 



64 combinations of inquiry options to 
Transaction File. 

can print reports at any one of nine lev- 
els of detail that you select. 

ignores invalid data, making unwanted 
or accidental entry impossible. 

can run on floppy disk or a hard drive 
disk. 

has extraordinary documentation that in- 
cludes screen photos for every program. 

has utility programs which simplify com- 
puter housekeeping tasks. 

file recovery system normally repairs 
scrambled files and recovers data. 

will not let you duplicate account 
numbers. 

maintains details of activities period by 
period so that comparisons are easily 
obtained. 

does not permit access or entry while the 
program is operating. 



Now, if you have something on your 
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chances are The General Ledger 
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To order your General Ledger Pack- 
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and send it to Instant Software, Attn: 
John Gancarz, 80 Pine Street, Peter- 
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YES, I want THE GENERAL LEDGER PACKAGE for my business. 

Please send me packages @ $897.00 for a total of $ 

MC VISA AMEX MO Certified check 



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Instant Software 

Peterborough, N.H. 03458 USA A subsidiary of Wayne Green Inc. 



98 



154 Microcomputing, September 1982 



REVIEWS 



(from page 1 62) 

• Automatic single, double spacing. 

• Automatic press-return-to-continue 
message. You set the maximum number 
of lines to be presented on the screen. 
This feature prevents long messages 
from scrolling out of sight. 

• Automatic insertion of up to nine dif- 
ferent variables in the text with an im- 
bedded code. 

Manual 

The 52-page manual discusses the op- 
eration of these functions in detail. An 
Applesoft programmer should have no 
trouble using the enhancements, no mat- 
ter what his level of expertise. 

It includes examples, giving you not 
only a thorough understanding of the 
functions, but also a head start in finding 
applications for them. The examples are 
repeated on the disk, so you don't have to 
code them yourself. 

Conclusion 

You can, of course, fake all these en- 
hancements without using Apple Spice. 
But that takes extra coding and slows 
down execution of the program. I found 
Apple Spice to be a worthwhile addition 
to Applesoft — one that will make future 
programming projects much easier and 
more satisfying. 

Probably the best thing about Apple 
Spice is the fact that these utilities are 
loaded in machine language from the 
disk to your Apple's memory, and are 
made a part of the program you are devel- 
oping. If you are developing a program 
for sale, you are only asked to credit the 
manufacturer on screen (in the format 
shown in the manual), to send two copies 
of the program to the manufacturer, and 
to not include instructions for using Ap- 
ple Spice in the package you sell. Since 
the buyer doesn't need that information 
anyway, it sounds fair enough. Apple 
Spice sells for $29.95. 
(Adventure International, PO Box 3435, 
Longwood, FL 32 750. ) 

David Goodf ellow 
Seattle, WA 



VisiDex 

Remembers and retrieves 
Items of interest 
Easily and promptly 

VisiCorp's (formerly Personal Software) 
VisiDex is difficult to categorize. It is not a 
son of VisiCalc. I would rather borrow a 
term from psychology, and call the pro- 



gram a free-floating database. 

VisiCorp is careful in attaching a label. 
It says that VisiDex is a computerized in- 
dex card (true), and lists 101 ways in 
which it can be used. VisiDex is a difficult 
program to master, but worth the effort 
for those willing to spend a few hours 
learning all the intricacies. 

As a database, each record consists of 
one Apple screen of up to 20 lines or a 
maximum of 799 characters. The amount 
of data that can be put on one disk de- 
pends on the length of each record. The 
program tells you— whenever you load 
the data screen— of the available space, 
which starts with a maximum of about 
131,000 characters. It is unlikely that 
you will run out of space on any one disk, 
since you will soon find out that it is de- 
sirable to separate different kinds of data 
on different disks. 

There are no fields, as in ordinary data- 
bases. Instead, you enter whatever infor- 
mation you care to in a variety of ways on 
one 40-character by 20-line screen. This 
is then saved as one record. 

Data can be entered from the keyboard 
in normal uppercase, in inverse video or 
as flashing characters. The latter two are 
especially useful when printing out infor- 
mation, since the program asks whether 
or not inverse (or flashing) characters 
should be printed. In this manner you 
can have data on your screen for informa- 
tional purposes which will not be printed 
on your address labels, for instance. Ac- 
cording to the manual, it is possible to 
use lowercase with all common L.C. 
adapters. I was not able to get my com- 
puter into lowercase mode. The shift key 
modification is probably needed for that, 
although the manual does not mention it. 

Instead of fields, you use keywords. A 



******************************** 


♦ORDER NO: 




6245 ♦ 


♦VENDOR 




ROBERST CORP. ♦ 


♦CUSTOMER 




PAY MORE ♦ 


♦ORDER DATE 




3-12-81 ♦ 


♦DEL. DATE 




7-15-81 ♦ 


♦ 




♦ 


♦ITEM 120 


# 


104 PENCILS ♦ 


♦ 1 20 


# 


106 PENS ♦ 



******************************** 

Fig. 1. Sample set of purchase orders 
with VisiDex. 



******************************** 

♦ORDER NO: ♦ 

♦VENDOR ♦ 

♦CUSTOMER ♦ 

♦ORDER DATE ♦ 

♦DEL. DATE ♦ 

♦ * 
♦ITEM * 

♦ * 
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 

Fig. 2. "Orders" template. 



record can be cross-indexed with up to 32 
six-character words. Even more key- 
words can be used if the words are short- 
er. In retrieving information, a keyword 
will quickly get you the screen or screens 
you want. An imaginative use of the am- 
persand (&) in finding information makes 
it possible to obtain any data previously 
put on a record. With or without a key- 
word, the program will search out a word 
or number added after the & symbol and 
retrieve the record. When using the & 
symbol, retrieval just takes longer. Don't 
start a keyword with a space, or you 
won't be able to retrieve it. Fig. 1 shows a 
single example of a set of purchase orders. 

The keyword is Orders. Unless you 
want to cross-reference, it is advisable 
not to have more than one keyword per 
record. If you have a long list of orders 
with different vendors, but want to see 
only those from the Roberst Corp., search 
for Orders&Roberst or &Roberst. A list of 
all Roberst purchase orders will appear. 
Practically any kind of printout format 
can be designed easily and quickly with- 
in the limits of the 40 by 20 format. An 
elegant and convenient way to do this is 
with the /KE command, plus the # sym- 
bol in front of a keyword. ^-Keyword puts 
you in the design-a- template mode. Fig. 2 
is an example of the template for the 
"Orders" form of Fig. 1. 

After you design the template and re- 
call it with its keyword, data can be en- 
tered for each record, even by an inexpe- 
rienced operator. After saving the record 
on disk, the next blank template appears 
automatically with an audible beep. 

A calendar function is available for re- 
minders of appointments or important 
dates of any kind. A reminder screen will 
appear up to 14 days ahead when the 
data diskette is loaded. Any record can 
have a calendar function. You can add an 
audible alarm to the calendar function if 
you have a clock card. I did not test it, 
since I don't have one. 

Documentation is well-written and 
consists of a table of contents, 162 pages 
of instructions and an alphabetical index. 
Read the instructions, follow the 94 pages 
of tutorial with hands on your computer, 
and you will have an idea of VisiDex. 
Many hours of experimentation will still 
be required to operate the program prop- 
erly. I think once it is mastered you will 
like it. 

VisiDex is designed to work with one 
disk drive. A second drive adds little to its 
versatility, except for the ability to read 
and write text files. This can only be done 
with two disk drives. 

You might think that VisiDex was de- 
signed with the idea of selling floppy 
disks. The program works beautifully as 
long as you plan the collecting of your 
data well in advance and keep dissimilar 
data on separate disks. For instance, 
don't mix your names-and-addresses with 
purchase orders, supplies or an index of 
books or records. If you do, and then try 

Microcomputing, September 1982 1 55 



Circle 255 on Reader Service card. 



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IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER 

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10-20 times faster than interpred BASIC 

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Add YOUR commands to its 79-STANDARD-plus instruc- 
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Far more complete than most Forths: single & double 
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Excellent full-screen Editor, structured & modular 

programming 

Word search utility 

THE NOTEPAD letter writer 

Optimized for your TRS-80 or IBM with keyboard repeats, 

upper/lower case display driver, full ASCII. 

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Concurrent Interpreter AND Compiler 

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Intermix 35- to 80-track disk drives 

IBM can read, write and run M 3 Disks 

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MMSFORTH USERS MANUAL - w/o Appendices $17.50* 

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FORTH SPECIAL ISSUE, BYTE Magazine (Aug 1980) - A collec- 
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* - ORDERING INFORMATION Software prices include 
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Mass orders add 5% tax Foreign orders add 20% UPS COD. 
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Get MMSFORTH products from your 
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156 Microcomputing, September 1982 



to print an alphabetical listing of ad- 
dresses and telephone numbers, you will 
get your titles of books and/or records, 
supplies and purchase orders mixed in. 

The reason for this is a curious lack of 
choice in commands. When you choose 
to print, you can sort or select a keyword, 
but not both. When you print with the 
sort command, every screen of your disk 
will be printed in alphabetical or numeri- 
cal order, once for each keyword. That is 
why I suggested above that you use one 
keyword per record only, unless you 
want to cross-index. The lack of more 
than one keyword can be overcome by 
the use of the ampersand (&) function. 

When sorting numerically, the program 
first looks at the first digit of your number. 
For example, 3, 125, 19, 8, 235 will be 
printed in the order 125, 19, 235, 3, 8. To 
get the order right you have to enter the 
above numbers as 003, 125, 019, 008, 
235. This will make the program sort 
them correctly. The documentation does 
not explain this. I found out the hard way. 

VisiDex is a versatile program that will 
remember innumerable items of interest 
and retrieve them easily and promptly. It 
is not the speediest program around, since 
information is recalled from the disk. 
When entering data you won't have to 
worry about a power outage. Each screen 
is saved on disk before the next one can be 
entered. The only data you could lose 
would be the one being worked on. 

VisiDex will remind you of appoint- 
ments and important dates during the 
current year as well as those in the fu- 
ture. Although the price ($200) is a bit 
high, it can and should be used as a data- 
base where mostly reminding and col- 
lecting and retrieval of simple informa- 
tion are required. 

VisiDex requires Apple II or II + with 
48K, one disk drive, 3.3 DOS, a monitor 
or TV and preferably a printer. 
(VisiCorp, 2895 Zanker Road, San Jose, 
C A 95134.) 

G.R. Brieger 
Redmond, WA 



P-Lisp 

The first Lisp 
Interpreter for 
The Apple II 

Little is known about Lisp in the world 
of microcomputers. This otherwise con- 
venient language for artificial intelli- 
gence has so far failed to gain much at- 
tention in this field, primarily because it 
uses memory in megabytes. 

P-Lisp is beginning to change all that, 
especially for Apple II owners. The P in 
P-Lisp stands for the company where Ste- 
ven Cherry developed the language, Pega- 
sys Systems Co., Inc., of Philadelphia. 

Like most of the Lisps on the market for 



micros, P-Lisp is an interpreter. Like 
your basic interpreter, it reads and inter- 
prets each expression you type as soon as 
you press enter. P-Lisp was the first Lisp 
interpreter designed especially for the 
Apple II. 

I wish I could say that Lisp is easy to 
learn and that anyone can just sit down 
and master it. However, if you have never 
tried programming in APL, Pascal or Ba- 
sic, many of the concepts in Lisp will take 
some getting used to. 

The lists which are processed in Lisp 
are similar to string arrays in Basic. In 
Lisp, however, any element of a list can 
be a list, and any element of that list can 
be a list, etc. This is a characteristic of 
Lisp which allows you to conveniently 
associate information — such as associat- 
ing the color "red" with the attribute 
"color" for the object "ball." Ball could 
also have other attributes that could be 
as specific as "manufacturer," with 
which the name "Spaulding" could be 
associated. 

Aside from lists. Lisp processes "at- 
oms." Atoms are similar to variable 
names in Basic, but they can be any 
length in P-Lisp and up to about 30 char- 
acters in other interpreters. Atoms can 
also be function names, like print in Ba- 
sic. Function names can be defined in 
Lisp (as they can in APL, for example). 
Functions can also call themselves, an 
act called recursion, which repeats the 
function the same way a goto to a previ- 
ous line in a Basic program would. 

In Lisp, however, when a function is 
called by itself, all values of all variables 
are saved at their current value before 
the function is executed again. This 
feature of recursion makes all previous 
values of the variables available when 
you return to that state of the function 
(the state before it was called). Basic 
destroys the value of the variables each 
time they are used in a function. 

Another useful feature of Lisp is that 
variables can be localized as in APL func- 
tions. This means that you can use a han- 
dy variable name in more than one func- 
tion. Without altering its value in any 
other function, you can call one function 
in which the variable name appears. 

To associate attributes with objects in 
Basic, I would set up an attribute array: 

DIM BL$(n,2) where "n" is the number 
of attributes the ball will have, such as 
size, hardness, color and manufacturer. 

I would then assign "color" and "red" 
to the same value of "n" in BL$: 
BL$(1,1) = "COLOR" 
BL$(1,2) = "RED" 

So far, so good. In Basic, I must know in 
advance that I am going to have attri- 
butes, and that there are going to be no 
more than a certain number of them (up 
to "n"). 

In P-Lisp I do not need to know in ad- 
vance that an object will have attributes. 
At any time in the program the associa- 
tion can be accomplished by typing: 



I (PUT BALL COLOR RED) 

The real advantage of Lisp is in recall. If 
I want to know what color the ball 
is, all my program has to say is 
(GET BALL COLOR) 

Imagine the for-next loop in Basic, 
searching through the values of BL$(n, 1) 
for a match and then printing BL$(n,2). 
(Do not try to imagine the Basic program 
for processing attributes for a list of ob- 
jects, please.) 

Because a lot of this kind of searching is 
done in artificial intelligence. Lisp has 
functions like put and get which are built 
into it. Incredibly, at least one implemen- 
tation of Lisp for micros has omitted 
these key associative functions. Another, 
not for Apple, does not provide a printer 
output function. 

More Than a Toy 

The sheer size of memory required 
is one of the main reasons why artificial 
intelligence experts tend to dismiss the 
micro Lisps as toys having limited 
usefulness. 

The sample Eliza program that Gnosis 
gives away with the purchase of P-Lisp 
does not seem to suffer much from the 
memory limitations. It carries on a 
spirited conversation that offers little evi- 
dence of being generated by a toy. 

The key to learning Lisp is not in the 
size of the programs you write but in the 
knowledge of the behavior of Lisps func- 
tions. It seems to me that the value of the 
implementations of Lisp for microcom- 
puters is that they make the language ac- 
cessible for so much less money than the 
larger machines. 

In P-Lisp most of the functions of main- 
frame Lisp are implemented as built-ins; 
this means they are available whenever 
you load Lisp from disk. 

A minor shortcoming which results 
from the lack of memory space in micro- 
computers is the limited number of times 
a function can call itself. In P-Lisp, space 
for the recursion stack can be increased 
at the expense of program or data space 
(allowing for more recursions). In most 
cases, except for mathematical calcula- 
tions (not a Lisp forte, in any case), 
P-Lisps default setting— which allows 
128 recursions— is perfectly adequate. 

Learning to Lisp with P-Lisp 

P-Lisp provides excellent documenta- 
tion. This is particularly welcome since 
offerings for the microcomputer— particu- 
larly from younger firms— often neglect 
the documentation area. Gnosis supplies 
an excellent tutorial and a complete, 
clear user manual. 

This tutorial consists of a ring binder 
full of short, easy-to-digest chapters, and 
a disk file, called "book," which has ex- 
amples referred to in the text and a num- 
ber of useful help functions. 

Appropriate quotations at the begin- 
ning of each chapter set the easy-going 
tone for the tutorial. The frequent puns 



Circle 250 on Reader Service card. 





#27 SOFTWARE 



ULTIMATE SOFTWARE PLAN 



We II match any advertised price on any 
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" 

Medical(PAS-3) $849/$40 

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ASYST DESIGN /FRONTIER 
Prof Time Accounting $549/$40 
General Subroutine $269/$40 
Application Utilities $439/$40 

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Pearl (level 1) $ 99/525 

Pearl (level 2) $299/$40 

Pearl (level 3) $549/$ 50 

DIGITAL RESEARCH 
CP/M 2 2 

NorthStar $149/$25 

TRS-80 Model II 
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Micropolis $169/$25 

PL/l-80 $459/$35 

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Mac $ 85/$15 

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^ Quickscreen $135/$na 

s Quickcode $265/$na 

s dutil $ 65/$na 

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General Ledger $729/$40 

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Scribble $149/$25 

Both $249/$50 

WHITESMITHS" 

"C" Compiler $600/$30 

Pascal (incl C") $850/$45 

PASCAL 

Pascal/MT+ Pkg $429/$30 

Compiler $315 

SpProg $175 

Pascal/Z $349/$30 

Pascal/UCSD 4 $670/$50 

Pascal/M $355/$20 






The Word 

The Word Plus 

Palantier-I (WP) 

COMMUNICATIONS' 

Ascom 

BSTAM 

BSTMS 

Crosstalk 

Move-it 






$ 65/$na 
$145/$na 
$385/$na 

$149/$15 
$149/$na 
$149/$na 
$139/$na 
$ 89/$na 

"OTHER GOODIES" 

Micro Plan $419/$na 

Plan 80 $269/$30 

Target $189/$30 

Tiny "C" $ 89/$50 

Tiny C Compiler $229/$50 

Nevada Cobol $ 1 79/$25 

MicroStat $224/$25 

Vedit $130/$15 

MiniModel $449/$50 

StatPak $449/$40 

Micro B+ $229/$20 

Raid $224/$35 

String/80 $ 84/$20 

String/80 (source) $279/$na 

ISIS CP/M Utility $199/$50 

Lynx $199/$20 

Supervyz $ 95/$na 

CP/M Power $ 75/$na 

Mathe Magic $ 95/$na 

CIS COBOL $765/$na 

ZIP $129/$12 



APPLE II - 



DATA BASE 

FMS-80 

dBASE II 

Condor II 



$649/$45 

$595/$ 50 
$899/$ 50 

WORD PROCESSING 

WordSearch $179/$50 

SpellGuard $229/$25 

VTS/80 $259/$65 

Magic Wand $289/$45 

Magic Spell $269/$25 

Spell Binder $349/$45 

Select $495/$na 



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Easy Writer (Prof) $159 

Datadex $129 

EasyMailer (Prof) $129 

Other less 15% 

MICROSOFT" 

Softcard (Z-80 CP/M) $298 

Fortran $179 

Cobol $499 

Tasc $ 1 39 

MICROPRO" 

Wordstar $269 

MailMerge $ 99 

Wordstar/MailMerge $349 

SuperSort I $159 

Spellstar $129 

PERSONAL SOFTWARE/ 
VISICORP" 

Visicalc3.3 $199 

Desktop/Plan II $199 

Visiterm $ 90 

Visidex $199 

Visiplot $180 

Visitrend/Visiplot $259 

Visifile $169 

s Visischedule $259 

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<s Systems Plus, 

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Micro Courier $219 

Super-Text II $127 

Data Factory $ 1 34 

DB Master $184 



16- BIT SOFTWARE 



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8086 SOFTWARE 
S Supercalc 
s Wordstar (ISMPC) 

Call for others 



$269 
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Microcomputing, September 1982 157 



keep the reader from getting bored. 

The user manual is written on a profes- 
sional level with a complete listing of the 
built-in functions which shows schemati- 
cally what arguments each requires. 

The written material is under constant 
review. The fact that the sheets are 
punched allows Gnosis to frequently add 
corrections. 

Conclusion 

From a technical standpoint P-Lisp is 
the best fit for the Apple II. Because it was 
designed for the machine, many Apple II 
commands — including graphics com- 
mands—are directly available in P-Lisp. 

Also, no extra circuit boards are re- 
quired. Other implementations of Lisp 
which run on the Apple require either 
UCSD Pascal (card or disk), or a Z-80 card. 

The best way to look at P-Lisp is as a 
trainer or tutorial for the larger, compiled 
versions of Lisp. After all, who wants to 
sit at the console of a half-million dollar 
mainframe and enter a Lisp program full 
of beginner's errors? 

The combination of its technical fit- 
ness for the Apple II and the excellent tu- 
torial documentation makes the P-Lisp 
interpreter the best in its class. 
(Gnosis, 4005 Chestnut St., Philadel- 
phia, PA 19104,) 

Max A. Lebow 
Philadelphia, PA 



QuickTrace 

A relocatable machine 
Language program for 
The Apple II 

Assembly- and machine-language pro- 
grammers often need the capability for 
slowing program execution to facilitate 
following the sequence of instructions 
executed. Older mainframe computers 
provided switches which allowed the 
user to start and stop program execution, 
execute instructions one at a time, or 
change the contents of the program 
counter or a memory location. These fea- 
tures were included when the first micro- 
computers were introduced. 

The designers of the Apple II computer, 
however, like several other microcom- 
puter developers, eliminated these fea- 
tures. As a consolation, the old monitor 
ROMs of the Apple II contain routines 
which allow single stepping through ma- 
chine-language code. This is the step 
command which decodes and displays 
each instruction in disassembled form, 
executes the instruction, and then 
displays the contents of the internal reg- 
isters of the 6502. 

A similar command, trace, will step 
through instructions continuously until 
a BRK instruction is encountered or the 
reset button is pressed. 

Both commands are helpful in debug- 

158 Microcomputing, September 1982 



ging machine-language code; however, 
their usefulness is very limited, and there 
are many instances in which they cannot 
be used. For example, since the disas- 
sembled instructions and register con- 
tents are displayed on the active output 
device (usually the CRT), it is not possi- 
ble to observe the output generated by 
the program while simultaneously trac- 
ing the execution of programs which pro- 
duce graphics displays. Also, if a pro- 
gram changes the output hooks which 
point to the output device handler, it is 
possible to lose trace information. Fi- 



Commercially-available 

programs rarely provide 

the features I 

expect to find .... 

QuickTrace exceeded 

my expectations. 



nally, the machine-language step and 
trace commands were not included in the 
new autostart monitor ROMs of the Apple 
II Plus. . 

To overcome these deficiencies, Au- 
rora Systems has introduced the pro- 
gram QuickTrace, written by John Rog- 
ers. QuickTrace is a relocatable machine- 
language program which provides ex- 
tremely versatile single-step and trace 
execution of programs. 

Three modes of operation are available: 
single-step, trace and background. The 
first two are enhanced versions of the Ap- 
ple step and trace commands; the third, 
background mode, permits tracing with 
no output until a user-defined stop condi- 
tion is met, at which time execution is re- 
turned to single-step mode. 

This background mode is useful for fast 
execution of debugged routines or moni- 
tor routines while retaining single-step 
tracing of other program segments. 
Switching between modes is permitted 
and simply requires pressing ESC to re- 
turn to single-step mode and then T' or 
"B" for trace or background modes. 

During single-step or trace modes the 
four lower lines of the display device are 
usually used to show the tracing informa- 
tion. The user can determine how much 
of this information is to be displayed and 
whether output is to the CRT or to a 
printer. The display of information to the 
CRT can be suppressed so conflict with 
the graphics or text output of a traced 
program is avoided. 

Tracing information includes a disas- 
sembled display of the last instruction 
executed and the next instruction to be 
executed, the contents of the 6502 regis- 
ters, the top six values on the system 



stack and the stack pointer. 

The actual data address referenced by 
each instruction is displayed along with 
the contents of that location whether ad- 
dressing is by a direct, indirect or relative 
addressing mode. In addition, the con- 
tents of several user-definable locations 
may be displayed at each step. 

Six commands are available. They pro- 
vide the conditions under which execu- 
tion in the trace and background modes 
are halted. These conditions include 
stopping if: a given address is referenced; 
a referenced address lies within a given 
range; the accumulator, X register or Y 
register contains a specified value; a user- 
defined location contains a certain value; 
or a specified opcode is encountered. 

Commercially-available programs 
rarely provide all the features that I ex- 
pect to find in professional works. Quick- 
Trace, however, exceeded my expecta- 
tions for a trace routine for the Apple II. 
Since obtaining QuickTrace, I have used 
it to debug several of my own programs 
and to help understand the operation of 
several others. 

I have found it relatively easy to use; al- 
though knowledge of 6502 machine lan- 
guage is, of course, important for 
its use. I am finding this program to be an 
invaluable aid for debugging machine- 
language code. I recommend its use to 
assembly-language programmers at all 
levels of expertise. 

(Aurora Systems, Inc., 37 S. Mitchell, 
Arlington Heights, 1L 60005. $50.) 

Larry Gonzalez 
Chicago, IL 



Catalog V4. 12 



A disk cataloging program 
That lists, sorts and reports 
On database entries 
The Scene 

Six different programmers have been 
working on four different CP/M-based mi- 
crocomputer development systems 
(MDSs) for over three years. In addition to 
the desired results, the programmers 
were left with several undesirable by- 
products: over two hundred floppy disks 
containing bits and pieces of programs, 
data and texts documenting them. Add 
to the confusion the fact that two of the 
original programmers have gone, and are 
no longer available to help sort out what 
they have left behind. And one of these 
programmers had the nasty habit of 
labeling all experimental programs 
X.ASM or QQ.FOR. 

The Cleanup 

After a couple of years ol experimenta- 
tion, the project had settled down to the 
point where it was necessary to weed out 
all the unneeded disks, programs, etc. 

What could be safely discarded? It was 



Circle 45 on Reader Service card. 



Sales Opportunity 

A few select territories available 



Join a fast growing company in- 
volved in the microcomputer in- 
dustry as a direct salesman. 
Sales involve our wide selection 
of books, four publications and 
software. We are looking for a 
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puters. An excellent career 
awaits the person who wants to 
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man to become familiar with all 
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If you or someone you know is in- 
terested in the opportunities 
available at Wayne Green Inc., 
please submit your background 
in detail, including sales experi- 
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edge of the microcomputing in- 
dustry, educational background 
and references to: 



Sales Manager 
Wayne Green, Inc. 
Peterborough, NH 03458 



All replies will be immediately ac- 
knowledged and held in the strict- 
est of confidence. 




WAYNE GREEN, INC. 
(M-9) Pine Street 
Peterborough, N.H. 03458 



Circle 292 on Reader Service card. 




PLAY THE NUMBERS 
GAME-- ND W|N 



With ELF and TWG/ARIMA 



STATISTICAL 
SOFTWARE 



ELF performs 

factor analysis 
multiple regression 
stepwise discriminant analysis 
cross tabulations 
1 and 2 way ANOVA 

as well as all basic statistics including 
skewness kurtosises etc and Chi 
Square ELF will also create and edit a 
data base as well as visually depict 
data in scattergrams and histograms 
bar graphs and more 
S200 00 



TWG/ 
ARIMAiS 

invaluable to 
users interested 
in time series This 
Box-Jenkins package 
identifies 

• seasonal and non- 
seasonal differencing 

• Box-Cox transformations 
estimates 

• correlation between coefficients 

• Box-Pierce statistics and their 
significance 

• t statistics 

• probabilities and predicts 

• various lead times 

• starting points 

• confidence levels for time series forecast 
data 

$300 00 

Each program comes with database manager numeric 

software keypad and requires an Apple II with Applesoft 

48 K. and DOS 3.3 

To order write to 

The Wmchendon Group 

3907 l.akota Road 

P.O Box 101 14 K 

Alexandria. VA 22310 (703) 960-2587 




THE WINCHENDON GROUP 



C00S0L COMPUTER PRODUCTS 



PRINTERS 




• EPSON MX70 $288 

• EPSON MX80GRAFTRAX + CALL 

• EPSON MX80 F/T GRAFTRAX+ CALL 

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• NEC PC-8023A-C CALL 

• NEC 3550 CALL 

• NEC 351 0, 351 5. 3530 $1 695 

• NEC 771 0, 771 5, 7730 $2275 

• NEC 7720, 7725 $2645 

• C.IT0H 8510AP $499 • 8510ACD $616 

• C.IT0H 1541SP $769 • 1541SRE $839 

• CITOH F10-40PU $1395 • F10-40RU $1495 

• OKIDATA82ACALL-83A CALL 

• 0KIDATA84A .... CALL • 82A TRACTOR $60 

• TALLY MT 1602 MT1605 $1495 

• TALLY MT 1 802 MT 1 805 $1 795 

• DIABLO 630R1 32 $2395 • 630R101 $1749 

• DIABLO 630R1 04 $2395 • 630K104 $2949 

• QUME SPRINT 5 45/RO.KSR & CALL 

55/RO.KSR 

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• RS-232C COMPATIBLE 

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HAYES CHRONOGRAPH 

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$229 



Monitors 

• NEC JC-1202DH RGB HIGH RES. COLOR 

• AMDEKC0L0R-II RGB HIGH RES COLOR 

• NEC PC-1201M(A) HIGH RES GREEN 



Terminals 

• TELEVIDE0 910 $595, • 912 

• TELEVIDE0 920 $750, • 950 

• ADDS Viewpoint A1 , A2, A3, . . . 



$209 
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• SANYO MBC-1 000 $1 639 

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• ADD-ON DISK DRIVES CALL 

• SOFTWARE for the above CALL 



Calif. (714)545-2216 



COOSOL. INC. P.O. BOX 743, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805-0743 



(800) 854-8498 



Microcomputing, August 1982 159 



necessary to retain at least one copy 
of all the preliminary programs, just in 
case. But with too many duplicate names 
of too many partially debugged programs 
on too many disks with too little support- 
ing documentation, the cleanup was not 
easy. 

Enter Catalog V4.12 

With the arrival of the disk cataloging 
program from SRX Systems, the clean- 
up took only a couple of days. First, all 
the old disks were cataloged without any 
attempt at a preliminary cleanup. 

Then the entire catalog was listed. Du- 
plicate copies of programs were instantly 
visible, as were those instances of pro- 
gram fragments hiding under undeci- 
pherable names. These identifications 
were made easy because Catalog not only 



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lists all programs and each disk on which 
they are found, but also sorts them by 
size, recognizing size differences of as lit- 
tle as 128 bytes. 

What Catalog Does 

Each disk to be cataloged is assigned a 
number between one and 255. This disk 
ID can be typed in by the operator, or 
made hard by a directory entry on the 
disk. In either case. Catalog reads the 
disk directory and creates a database en- 
try for each file named in the directory. In 
addition to the file name, the file size is 
stored in the database. Files with the 
same name, but with sizes differing by as 
little as 128 bytes, will be cataloged as 
separate entries. 

Each database entry, therefore, identi- 
fies a file by name and size, and includes 
a list of each disk on which that file can be 
found. For users of CP/M versions 2 and 
higher, Catalog also keeps track of user 
number and read/write (R/W) protection 
status of each file. 

After the database entries have been 
created, comments can be added by the 
operator, further identifying each disk 
and file in the database. 

With all the disks entered into the data- 
base. Catalog can then display reports in 
several formats on the console, or print 
them out on the list device, under opera- 
tor control. The reports can include all 
of the information in the database, or se- 
lected subsets of disk or file listings. 

Operating Catalog 

The 18-page manual supplied by SRX 
Systems can be digested in a couple of 
minutes, and operation of the program 
can then begin. In the example situation 
described above, the disks were first 
manually sorted by estimated age, and 
each assigned a number. CATALOG. 
COM was then copied onto an empty disk 
in drive A: When loaded, it asks for the 
current data. This is entered by the oper- 
ator, and the program is ready to read 
disks or write reports. 

In response to the program's prompt of 
Catalog, the operator can simply enter B: 
and a carriage return if the disk to be cat- 
aloged in drive B has a valid disk number 
in its directory. If not, the operator can 
enter B:57, for example, and the disk will 
be assigned the ID of 57; however, a hard 
ID will not be created in that disk's direc- 
tory. That task is left to the operator. 

Almost faster than you can notice. Cat- 
alog will have read the directory track 
from the disk in drive B, and will begin 
sorting the data into a database file on 
drive A. While this is happening, the op- 
erator can remove the disk from drive B, 
and have another inserted by the time 
Catalog is done writing the data file. A 
whole stack of disks can be read into the 
database in a few minutes. 

Generating Reports 

With all the disks entered into the data- 



160 Microcomputing, September 1982 



base, the operator can then extract the 
desired information. 

After entering the current date, the op- 
erator enters DISKS to get a listing of all 
the disks in the database. The report lists 
each disk in the database by number, the 
total file contents in K bytes, the disk's 
last update date and the comments as- 
signed to each disk. Catalog even throws 
in a total of all the files on all the disks. 

Any subset of disks can be reported, by 
entering DISKS 10-23 (to list disks 10 
through 23 inclusive) or DISKS 15- (to 
list all disks from 15 up) or DISKS- 12 (to 
list disks 1 through 12). Disks as cata- 
loged do not need to have contiguous 
numbering. Unassigned numbers will 
not be shown by DISKS. 

Finding Files Using Wildcards 

Catalog V4.12 includes a database 
search routine that is even more power- 
ful than the CP/M convention wildcards. 
If the operator enters FIND MON, the pro- 
gram searches for all occurrences of file 
names that include the characters MON 
in any position within the file name. This 
comes in handy when you can't remem- 
ber exactly what you called a file, but do 
recall at least a sub-string within the 
file name. 

List a Single Disk 

When entering a single disk number, 
the disk is identified, along with all the 
files on the disk. You can inspect the di- 
rectory of any of your disks at any time 
without having to put them in a drive. 
And you get more than a simple directory 
listing, since the comments assigned to 
the disk and all its files are also included. 

List All Your Files 

The database created by Catalog is 
a quick and powerful reference. The en- 
tire database can also be listed to the 
console or printer by using the wildcard 
extension*.* 

The Source 

Catalog V4.12 is available on single 
density IBM format eight-inch floppy 
disks. You might want to check with SRX 
Systems as to current format availabili- 
ties and pricing. 

Addendum 

The program is available in standard 
eight-inch, Mieropolis Mod I. Mieropolis 
Mod II and North Star double-density 
formats. 

SRX advises that they will make a rea- 
sonable effort to furnish the program on 
other formats and invite inquiries. 
(SRX Systems, 2812 Westberry Drive 
San Jose. CA 95132, $75.) 

Ken Barbier 

Borrego Springs, CA 

Addendum furnished by 

Steven Guralnick 

Daly City, CA 




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Microcomputing, September 1982 161 



X3FWARE REVIEWS 



Spice Up Your Applesoft 
VisiSeries Introduces an Index 
First Apple Lisp Interpreter 
A Better Debugging Aid 
Disk Cleanup Is a Snap 



Apple Spice 

Enhances Applesoft 
And makes programming 
Easier and more satisfying 

Applesoft is a good, no-nonsense, float- 
ing-point version of Basic for your Apple 
II— but it has its weak points. Apple Spice 
strengthens three areas of Applesoft to 
make the programmer's life easier. It 
adds print using, string search and if- 
then-else to the Applesoft vocabulary. 

In addition, it contains an extended in- 
put package and a screen output pack- 
age, which enhance input and output 
with wraparound (no more broken 
words) and other features which will be 
discussed later. By a strange coinci- 
dence, these additions address the only 
major weaknesses I am aware of in 
Applesoft. 

Apple Spice comes on a DOS 3.2 disk 
(unprotected) with the invitation to back 
it up and/or convert to DOS 3.3. Its rou- 
tines may be made a part of any program 
you are writing, so you will not have to 
run Apple Spice before running a pro- 
gram which uses it. 

Print Using 

Rounding off numbers on screen or 
paper requires (for me, at least) the sub- 
routine listed below. This must be called 
whenever a variable must be printed. 

500 REM * * • ROUNDOFF • * * 

510 N = 2:S = 7 

520 X$ = ""+STR$(INT 

(X*10 A N + .5)) 
530 Q = LEN (X$) - ( VAL (X$)<0) 
540 PRINT SPC 

(S-Q*(Q>N+l)-(N + 2)* 

(Q< = N+1))); 
550 PRINT MID$ (X$. 1 + (VAL 

(X$)<0). 

(Q< = N) + (Q-N)*(Q>N)); 
560 PRINT MID$ 

r0.00".l+((N+l)<Q), 
l+(N-Q + 2)*(Q<N + 2)); 
570 PRINT RIGHTS (X$, A »(Q>N) 

1 62 Microcomputing, September 1982 



+ (Q-U*(9< = N)); 
580 X=0 
590 RETURN 

Formatting text is even worse because 
each case is different and a subroutine 
simply doesn't do the job. It gets really 
complicated when a rounded-off number 
must follow a string variable— then both 
techniques have to be used. 

A routine that prints a billing total 
based on time and rate, using standard 
Applesoft, would go something like this: 

600 WIDE = 85:X = HO*RA 

610 FOR I = 1 TO WIDE - 65: PRINT 

t « » t 

NEXT I: PRINT HO; " HOURS 
AT ";RA;" = ";: FOR I = 1 TO 
WIDE -(71-(LEN(STR$(HO)))): 
PRINT "";: NEXT I: PRINT "$ ";: 
GOSUB 500 

In this example, HO is the total hours, 
RA is the rate and X is the total charge 
(multiply HO times RA). This is the num- 
ber that the subroutine at line 500 
rounds off. 

Print using does away with all that 
fuss. With the help of Apple Spice I can 
replace lines 500 through 610 with the 
following: 

600 HTAB 5: PRINT HO M HOURS AT 

$":RA;"= ';:& PRINT 

"$#### ##",HO*RA 
Sure makes life easy, doesn't it? Print 
using allows you to print numeric values 
in a specified format. The "#" reserves 
space for a numeral; those that are not 
used become leading spaces. The com- 
mand supports commas, floating dollar 
signs and asterisk fill, and has an over- 
flow indicator. 

String Search 

String search in Applesoft is slow, 
slow, slow! String search in Apple Spice 
is fast, fast, fast! You don't need the Ap- 
plesoft MID$ function to search a string 
for another string imbedded in it. This 
does away with tedious coding and slow 
searching. 

One of the nice things about this func- 



tion is that you can search a user's input 
for key words. If a key word is found, the 
computer makes one response; if no key 
word is found, the computer makes a dif- 
ferent response. This makes dialogue be- 
tween the Apple and its user fast, simple 
and almost human. 

If-Then-Else 

The if-then command is a powerful 
one, and is frequently used in most Ap- 
plesoft programs. But it only covers one 
side of the coin. If the expression is true, 
the command is carried out, as are subse- 
quent commands or expressions on the 
line. But if the expression is false, noth- 
ing is done. The computer simply goes on 
to the next line of the program ignoring 
everything on the line that contained the 
if-then. Life would be easier if it were pos- 
sible to perform some positive action 
when the if-then is false. 

If-then-else makes it possible. 

Extended Input Package 

The extended input package makes en- 
tering data from the keyboard easier to 
control. It includes the following: 

• Word wrap. Words which do not fit 
on one line are moved down, rather 
than split. 

• Maximum string length. This feature 
rejects all input exceeding a string length 
that you have defined. 

• Control character filter. All control 
characters are ignored on input. 

• Selective character filter. You may se- 
lect up to 20 characters which will be re- 
placed by spaces on input. 

These features take a great deal of drudg- 
ery out of coding. 

Screen Output Package 

The Screen Output Package means 
just that — it works only on the screen, 
not on the printer. It includes the follow- 
ing features: 

• Word wraparound— no more broken 
words. 

(continued on page 1 55) 








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MORE TWIN JUST ANOTHER PRETTY FACT 



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